改进LM模型在机载小光斑LiDAR数据分解中的应用

机载小光斑Li DAR是近年来遥感领域的新兴技术,它对回波脉冲进行全数字化的记录,通过分解返回波形能够得到更加丰富的信息。针对传统LM波形分解算法容易陷入局部最优的问题,引入改进LM模型,采用信赖域技巧使得参数解全局收敛。实验证明,该方法相比传统LM能够得到更加可靠的波形分解结果,并且对城区、郊区和山地区域适应性好,具有较强实用价值。     

ECMWF集合预报和确定性预报对淮河流域暴雨预报的对比分析

本文运用2012年5—9月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的集合预报系统(Ensemble Prediction System,EPS)和确定性模式(High-resolution Deterministic forecast,HDet)资料对比分析了淮河流域暴雨的预报效果。对于集合预报,主要对比了基于EPS的日降水量极端天气预报指数(Extreme Forecast Index,EFI),和改进的贝叶斯模型平均(Modified Bayesian Model Averaging,MBMA)法对降水的订正后概率。由于ROC(Relative Operating Characteristic)检验是与模式的系统性偏差无关的,所以选用ROC检验,对比了不同空报率下的TS评分,以及不同方法的相对经济价值。对比检验的结果显示,各时效预报MBMA预报效果最好,其次是HDet,EFI的预报效果最差,其中2 d内的预报HDet接近MBMA,随着预报时效的延长,MBMA相对于HDet和EFI的优势不断增强。在不同标准下确定三种方法对淮河流域暴雨预报的阈值,结果显示MBMA同样优于HDet,EFI预报效果最差。但MBMA的优势是通过增加预报偏差得到,如果将预报偏差限定为主观预报的1.37,此时MBMA的效果和HDet的效果接近。     

Statistical Simulation of Boxing Day Tsunami of The Indian Ocean and a Predictive Equation for Beach Run up Heights Based on Work-Energy Theorem

The tsunami similar to the one that has occurred in December 26, 2004 (Boxing Day Tsunami) in the Indian Ocean is simulated using the expression derived from Modified Weibull Distribution (for maximum wave height simulation) for extreme wave height predictions. The tuning coefficient plays a significant role in estimating the tsunami heights at various stages. It follows well defined mathematical laws at different stages. It is time dependent in the first three stages and depth dependent in the last two stages. The beach run-up heights estimated by the expression derived from the work-energy relation are comparable with observed values with reasonable accuracy.     

波浪非线性弥散关系分析

Hedges及Kirby等的非线性弥散关系及其修正式在浅水区小波陡时存在较大误差 ,李瑞杰等针对这个问题给出了新的非线性弥散关系式。本文通过对各种非线性弥散关系计算分析可知 ,由李瑞杰等提出的非线性弥散关系除了具有Hedges ,Kirby和Dalrymple等人提出的非线性弥散关系及修正式的优点外 ,还能大大地减小在小波陡相对水深为 1相似文献   

A Novel VOF-Type Volume-Tracking Method for Free-Surface Flows Based on Unstructured Triangular Mesh

A novel VOF-type volume-tracking method for two-dimensional free-surface flows based on the unstructured triangular mesh is presented. Owing to the inherent merit of the unstructured triangular mesh in fitting curved boundaries, this method can handle the free-surface problems with complex geometries accurately and directly, without introducing any complicated boundary treatment or artificial diffusion. The method solves the volume transport equation geometrically through the Modified Lagrangian-Eulerian Re-map （MLER） method, which is applied to advective fluid volumes. Moreover, the PLIC method is adopted to give a second-order reconstructed interface approximation. To validate this method, two advection tests were performed for the establishment of the accuracy and convergence rate of the solutions. Numerical results for these complex tests provide convincing evidence for the excellent solution quality and fidelity of the method.     

划分变性水团边界的温盐点聚对照法与东海西部海区变性水团的分析

温盐点聚对照法是根据温盐点聚图而确定变性水团边界的一种分析方法。用这种方法分析东海西部海区中的变性水团,可以得到如下结果:在该海区中除四个原型水团之外,还有两个变性水团。具有区域性特征的变性回归线,仅在寒冷季节存在。可以看出,变性交换区与顺时针环流的存在密切相关。提出了检验该海区各变性水团消长变化的模式。最后,描述了混合带与中心渔场位置之间的关系。     

聚类分析在浅海变性水团分析中的试验

The statistical cluster analysis method is applied to the modified water masses in the shallow sea and a series of experiments are carried out. A simple and convenient method for defining the quantity and boundary of water masses and mixing zone from the hierarchical tree is given. Two cluster methods of gradual examination are proposed and compared with the hierarchical method.     

两变量线性关系第三型一种解决方法——在地学中应用的讨论(英文)

地学研究经常涉及两变量间的线性回归分析。此类线性关系可有三种情形：（１）ｘ数据的观测误差很小，数据点的离散只与ｙ数据有关；（２）ｘ和ｙ数据都有观测误差，且数据点的离散仅由观测误差所引起；（３）数据点的离散不仅与观测误差有关，而且还受到其它因素的影响（但两变量仍存在显著的线性关系）。其中第三种情形在地学中最为常见，但已有的回归分析方法只是针对前两种情形。本文对ＬＮＳ方法进行了改进，使之适用于第三型的回归分析。改进的方法在逻辑上具有一致性，在应用上适合线性关系第三型线性关系的特点，因而优于传统的ＯＬＳ方法     

Remote sensing mapping of macroalgal farms by modifying thresholds in the classification tree

Remote sensing is the main approach to map aquatic vegetation, and classification tree (CT) is superior to various classification methods. Based on previous studies, modified CT can be developed from traditional CT by adjusting the thresholds based on the statistical relationship between spectral features to classify different images without ground-truth data. However, no studies have yet employed this method to resolve marine vegetation. In this study, three Gao-Fen 1 satellite images obtained on 30 January 2014, 5 November 2014 and 21 January 2015 were selected, and two features were then employed to extract macroalgae farms. Results show that the overall accuracies of traditional CTs for three images are 92.0, 94.2 and 93.9%, respectively, whereas those of the two corresponding modified CTs for images obtained on 21 January 2015 and 5 November 2014 are 93.1 and 89.5%, respectively. This indicates modified CTs can map macroalgae with multi-date imagery and monitor their spatiotemporal distribution in coastal environments.     

Evaluating the quality of hydraulic conductivity estimates from piezometer slug tests in peat

Although widely used in wetland hydrological studies, hydraulic conductivity (K) estimates from piezometer slug tests are often of questionable validity. Frequently, this is because insufficient attention is paid to the details of the test procedure. Further, in a potentially heterogeneous and anisotropic medium such as peat, the use of slug tests is prone to error. In this paper we address some of the methodological issues surrounding piezometer slug tests in peat. We compare slug test data with laboratory determinations of vertical and horizontal K obtained using a new method. Piezometers were installed at three depths in a floodplain fen peat in Norfolk, UK. Slug tests were initiated by both slug insertion and slug withdrawal, and repeat tests were conducted to examine the robustness of our K estimates. Most of the tests displayed departures from the log‐linear model of Hvorslev, the form of departure being consistent with compressible soil behaviour. The results suggest that insertion tests gave similar results to those initiated by withdrawal. Repeat testing showed that withdrawal data, in particular, gave highly reproducible normalized responses that were independent of the initial head. Values for K estimated using the slug tests were in the range 1 × 10⁻⁴ to 1·6 × 10⁻³ cm s⁻¹, which is towards the upper end of the range reported for peats generally. Laboratory tests yielded similar values of K to those obtained from the slug tests. Although the laboratory tests showed that the peat was anisotropic, the K values generated by slug testing proved relatively good estimates of both vertical and horizontal K. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.