淮南刘庄煤矿地基人工冻融土工程性质与中微观结构之间关系研究

本文以淮南刘庄煤矿主井地基的人工冻融土为研究对象,以偏光显微镜,扫描电镜(SEM)为主要研究手段,研究分析了人工冻融土与原状土的中微观结构、冻融前后的中微观结构的变化规律及内在原因。此外,还研究分析了人工冻融土冻融前后的中微观结构及其变化与人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质之间的关系。研究显示中微观结构对人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质有很大的影响,冻融前后中微观结构的变化受到土的种类、埋深、原状土的中微观结构等因素的影响,且冻融前后的中微观结构的变化在一定程度上主导了冻融前后的物理、力学、工程性质的改变。     

载炭泡塑分离富集－火焰原子吸收法测定金

用载炭泡塑从５％～３０％的王水介质中吸附富集５～１０００μｇＡｕ，经无臭灰化和王水浸提，Ａｕ的回收率大于９９％。方法用于含Ａｕ量较高的矿石分析时，效果较泡塑吸附好。用火焰原子吸收法测定含Ａｕ６．８０ｇ／ｔ的金标样，验证分离富集方法的可靠性，结果平均值为６．７２ｇ／ｔ，相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１１）为３．１％。     

甲基异丁基酮负载泡塑富集—原子吸收测定岩矿中痕量金银铊镉

研究了多种负载泡塑对Au、Ag、Ti、Cd的富集行为。提出了在HCI-KI-抗坏血酸介质中用甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)负载泡塑同时萃取,然后用2％硫脲-1％HCl解脱的富集方法,并采用火焰原子吸收连续测定地质样品中痕量Au、Ag、Tl和Cd,方法的测定下限(μg/g)分别为:0.2g、0.05、0.20和0.04。     

Response evaluation for horizontally loaded fixed‐head pile groups using 3‐D non‐linear analysis

The response of laterally loaded pile foundations may be significantly important in the design of structures for such loads. A static horizontal pile load test is able to provide a load–deflection curve for a single free‐head pile, which significantly differs from that of a free‐ or fixed‐head pile group, depending on the particular group configuration. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of the interaction between the piles of a group fixed in a rigid pile cap on both the lateral load capacity and the stiffness of the group. For this purpose, a parametric three‐dimensional non‐linear numerical analysis was carried out for different arrangements of pile groups. The response of the pile groups is compared to that of the single pile. The influence of the number of piles, the spacing and the deflection level to the group response is discussed. Furthermore, the contribution of the piles constituting the group to the total group resistance is examined. Finally, a relationship is proposed allowing a reasonable prediction of the response of fixed‐head pile groups at least for similar soil profile conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

和龙沿江公路傍山隧道偏压特征分析

傍山隧道作为一种偏压隧道,其潜在的灾害问题非常突出。通过具体的工程实例,采用有限元方法进行了隧道偏压特征分析,阐述了偏压隧道围岩受力变形特征。在应力特征上,表现为临江面硐壁应力较内壁应力值偏高,最大值达1.36 MPa,而内壁应力最大值仅为1.13 MPa。偏压主要集中在外侧硐底拱肩处,即内、外两侧拱肩处围压不对称分布,外侧拱肩部位形变压力增大。位移特征上,表现为以内侧硐底为支点,向临空面方向偏移的扁形曲线。其水平向的最大位移偏移量约7.4 cm,竖直方向最大位移偏移量约4.1 cm。且边墙位移不对称分布,不出现底拱位移曲线的特点。     

Determination of long-term strength of frozen loess after numerous freeze-thaw cycles

In order to determine the changing rule of long-term frozen soil strength and elucidate the connection between long-term strength and soil physical properties,frozen loess was subjected to 4,6,8,10,and 50 freeze-thaw cycles,under closed-state conditions in a constant-temperature box.The frozen samples were tested on a spherical template indenter,and the results show that under the effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles,the long-term strength of frozen loess decreased; changes in the mechanical property indices were highly unstable during the first 10 cycles; the soil strength and density were the greatest at the eighth cycle while the void ratio was the smallest; and after eight cycles all of the indices had less fluctuation and certain rising or falling tendencies.By converting the number of freeze-thaw cycles into elapsed time in the tests,three different forecasting methods of long-term soil strength could be assessed and the soil equivalent cohesive force after 10 years,20 years,or 30 years could be estimated.     

Analytical and 3D numerical modelling of full-height bridge abutments constructed on pile foundations through soft soils

The scope of this paper is the analysis of full-height bridge abutments on pile foundations, installed through soft soils, with a commercially available finite element software and soil model. Well-documented centrifuge test data were used as reference. Excess pore pressures developed in the clay layer, vertical and horizontal movements of the soft clay, pile displacements and bending moments, and abutment wall bending moments were chosen for comparison, since they are the most critical parameters for observation and design. Additionally, the validity of an analytical method (SIMPLE), which was proposed to analyse the piled abutments subjected to nearby surcharge loading, is discussed. This soil-structure interaction problem has been investigated over the last three decades, using either field or centrifuge tests, accompanied by FE analyses. Special modelling techniques and advanced soil models were used in these numerical studies to establish the most representative field behaviour. However, since the codes or techniques used in these advanced FE analyses are neither very practical nor easily accessible, it is difficult to employ them consistently in design. Thus, the results of this study are intended to provide some guidelines for designers, and to bring insight about the interacting mechanisms into the design process.     

融入土壤湿度指标的青藏高原近地表土壤冻融机器学习监测算法

青藏高原作为中低纬度地区最大的高山冻土区,多年冻土和季节冻土广泛分布。高精度的地表冻融监测结果对研究该区域的水热交换、碳氮循环和土壤冻融侵蚀非常重要。本文基于4个青藏高原典型地区的土壤温湿度观测网数据,开展利用LightGBM算法和随机森林算法进行土壤冻融循环监测的研究。在构建土壤冻融监测模型的过程中,发现土壤湿度是影响冻融判别的一个关键因子。使用AMSR2亮温数据和ERA5-Land土壤湿度数据,基于两种机器学习算法判别地表冻融状态,将结果与传统冻融判别式算法进行对比分析。结果表明：相比冻融判别式算法,LightGBM算法在白天和夜间的总体判对率提高了12.09%;14.45%,随机森林算法在白天和夜间的总体判对率提高了13.23%和14.96%。近80%的错分样本分布在-4.0 ℃~4.0 ℃之间,说明2个机器学习算法能够识别出稳定的土壤冻结状态和融化状态。另外,LightGBM算法和随机森林算法得到的日冻融转换天数的平均RMSE降低了112.82和117.00;冻结天数的平均RMSE降低了47.87和53.96;融化天数的平均RMSE降低了37.10和39.80。同时,基于随机森林算法计算了2014年7月—2015年6月青藏高原冻结天数、融化天数、日冻融转换天数。得到的青藏高原冻结天数图,以中国冻土区划图为参考进行精度评价,总体分类精度为96.78%。     

硅藻土负载羟基氧化铁对铬（VI）吸附的固体浓度效应研究

利用硅藻土负载羟基氧化铁颗粒作吸附剂对六价铬进行吸附和解吸附实验,探讨了硅藻土负载羟基氧化铁对六价铬的吸附机制和固体浓度效应。实验结果表明：在实验条件下,当吸附剂的用量从0.05 g增加到0.2 g时,六价铬的吸附量从23940.124μg/g降低到8575.415μg/g,吸附剂对Cr6＋的吸附存在明显的固体浓度（Cs）效应。吸附滞后角随着Cs 的增加而减小,吸附反应的可逆性增大。将实验数据分别用Languir和Freundlich吸附模型进行拟合,发现Freundl-ich吸附模型对实验数据拟合效果较好,表明该吸附反应以单分子层吸附为主。     

P507负载泡塑分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定化探样品中银钨钼

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定化探样品中的Ag时,由于受到Zr、Nb氧化物离子91Zr16O和93Nb16O的严重干扰,直接测定时低含量Ag的分析结果误差较大,需要将干扰元素分离才能得到较准确的结果。当前应用P507萃淋树脂分离样品溶液中Zr和Nb等干扰元素已经成功应用于化探样品中Ag的测定。本文将此方法进一步改进,用氢氟酸、硝酸、高氯酸和逆王水敞开溶样,通过P507负载泡塑进行振荡吸附,实现了化探样品中Ag和内标元素Rh与干扰元素Zr的有效分离,应用ICP-MS可同时测定Ag、W和Mo。标准样品的测定结果准确可靠,方法检出限为Ag 0.0045μg/g,W 0.023μg/g,Mo 0.060μg/g,均低于多目标地球化学调查(1∶250000)样品分析的检出限。P507负载泡塑分离流程操作简便,无交叉污染,一次振荡可处理100件样品,其分析效率显著优于P507萃淋树脂交换柱,更加适合大批量化探样品Ag与W、Mo及微量元素的同时测定。