宁东枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质类型划分探讨

通过对枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质条件、矿井充水因素、矿井涌水量、矿井受水害影响程度及防治水难易程度等方面分析,以实际资料为依据,结合对《煤矿防治水规定》的理解,提出枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质类型为复杂型的结论,从而分析和评价矿井水害危害程度,经济合理地搞好矿井防治水工作提供了基础资料。     

云南牛栏江德泽-李子箐段岩溶发育特征及成因分析

云南牛栏江德泽-李子箐段岩溶发育,主要类型为岩溶塌陷和溶洞（暗河）。在研究区内现有地质资料及调查成果的基础上,总结了研究区岩溶发育的基本特征：空间上分布广、密度大,个体规模大,各类岩溶类型相互连通。系统地分析了研究区岩溶作用的成因,主要为：①区内的降雨量较大,为岩溶的发育提供了丰富的水源;②研究区西北部的车乌-鲁冲大断裂,控制着区内总体构造形态,并造成了北东向与南东向等多组节理裂隙的发育,为岩溶水的流通创造了条件;③广泛分布的可溶性岩石,为岩溶的发育提供了物质条件,有利于岩溶作用的发生。     

基于GMS的石羊河流域含水层空间结构变化的可视化研究

石羊河流域作为我国西北内陆河流域之一,由于长期过量开采地下水资源,使地下水位大幅度下降,并引发一系列生态环境问题.在现实环境中,地下水含水层系统是由多个子含水层系统叠加得到的多层结构,并且子含水层系统之间有弱含水层系统或不完整隔水层系统的存在,而作为揭示地层信息的钻孔数据,具有一定的有限性,这直接制约着含水层空间可视化...     

矩形含水层井流模型求解的软件实现

矩形含水层井流模型的求解过程比较繁琐,计算工作量较大,而且容易出错,而利用计算机编程技术可使求解变得极为简单、快捷,从而极大地提高工作效率。该文以矩形隔水边界承压井流模型为例,研究了实现软件求解该类问题的思路。     

华北铝土矿的物质来源及成矿模式探讨

华北石炭纪岩溶型铝土矿的主要物质来源为下伏的晚寒武世—中奥陶世碳酸盐岩。在长期的风化过程中，碳酸盐岩中活泼元素被带走，而残余的Ａｌ、Ｔｉ、Ｆｅ等惰性元素得到富集，其依据为下伏基岩具有与铝土矿相近的Ａｌ／Ｔｉ值；两者的痕量元素分布和富集系数基本一致；重砂矿物的种类、标型特征具有明显的继承性；现代碳酸盐岩岩溶洼地上正在形成的铝土矿矿床可提供例证。华北铝土矿的成矿模式可概括为：在早古生代碳酸盐岩风化壳的物质基础上，由于中石炭世湿热气候对粘土物质的铝土化作用，生成三水型铝土矿，并在附近的泻湖和海湾环境中沉积，经多次再沉积和成岩、后生阶段形成现代的铝土矿矿床。     

A two‐dimensional analytical solution for groundwater flow in a leaky confined aquifer system near open tidal water

Groundwater in coastal areas is commonly disturbed by tidal fluctuations. A two‐dimensional analytical solution is derived to describe the groundwater fluctuation in a leaky confined aquifer system near open tidal water under the assumption that the groundwater head in the confined aquifer fluctuates in response to sea tide whereas that of the overlying unconfined aquifer remains constant. The analytical solution presented here is an extension of the solution by Sun for two‐dimensional groundwater flow in a confined aquifer and the solution by Jiao and Tang for one‐dimensional groundwater flow in a leaky confined aquifer. The analytical solution is compared with a two‐dimensional finite difference solution. On the basis of the analytical solution, the groundwater head distribution in a leaky confined aquifer in response to tidal boundaries is examined and the influence of leakage on groundwater fluctuation is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陕西华清池温泉热储温度的估算

本文以华清池泉水化学成分为例,采用水—岩化学平衡计算的方法,进行了热储温度估算。根据9种矿物平衡温度的统计结果,得出华清池温泉深部热储温度为53.44±6.11℃。这和温泉附近几个热水孔的温度测定结果是基本一致的。     

定降深抽水引起的泰斯承压含水层水平运动

根据Darcy-Gersevanov广义渗流关系式，导出了单井定降深抽水引起的泰斯含水层水平位移和水平应变解析表达式。数值计算分析表明，定降深抽水引起的含水层水平运运方向沿径向向内，水平运动速度随抽水时间增长呈指数衰减，位移量则随抽水时间增加呈指数增长。定降深抽水引起的含水层径向应变在空间上具有近井挤压，远井拉张的分区特征，且近井挤压区随抽水时间增加不断向外扩展；切向应变主要表现为环向挤压，且其应变大小随半径增大迅速衰减，随时间增长呈指数增大。     

Recharge of aquifers by flood events in an arid region

The process of aquifer recharge by flood events in an arid region was investigated as applied to the Hazeva Formation (the Karkom graben, the Wadi Paran watershed, Israel). The hydrological model was established as a complex system, with due regard for groundwater and transmission losses of surface runoff. It was based on a previously outlined hydrogeological model of the Karkom graben and a model of transmission losses in arid watercourses under conditions of data deficiency. Proceeding from calculation of groundwater balances, the contribution of surface runoff as a decisive balance component was confirmed. The main characteristics of aquifer regimes, such as changes in storage volume and groundwater level, as well as lateral flow, were all found to be dependent upon the net extraction rate, i.e. pumpage discounting replenishment by flood events. Analysis and physical interpretation of model parameters enabled assessment of the influence of groundwater extraction on aquifer recharge. This became apparent as increasing absorption capacity and recharge availability of the aquifer as a result of the groundwater abstraction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of hydroelectrical development on the flow regime of the karstic river Cetina

The Cetina River is a typical karst watercourse in the deep and well‐developed Dinaric karst. The total length of the Cetina River open streamflow from its spring to the mouth is about 105 km. Estimated mean annual rainfall is 1380 mm. The Cetina catchment is built of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous carbonate strata. The western part of the catchment by the Cetina River is referred to as the ‘direct’ or topographic catchment. It was defined based on surface morphologic forms, by connection between mountain chain peaks. This part of the catchment is almost entirely situated in the Republic of Croatia. The eastern part of the catchment is referred to as the ‘indirect’ catchment, and is mainly situated in Bosnia‐Herzegovina. Water from the ‘indirect’ catchment emerges from the western ‘direct’ catchment in numerous permanent and temporary karst springs. Since 1960, numerous hydrotechnical works have been carried out on the Cetina River and within its catchment. Five hydroelectric power plants (HEPPs), five reservoirs, and three long tunnels and pipelines have been built. Their operation has significantly altered the natural hydrological regime. The Cetina River is divided into two hydrological reaches. In the 65 km upstream, the hydrological regime was redistributed within the year: low flows had increased and high flows had decreased, although the mean annual discharge remained the same. Part of the Cetina watercourse downstream from the Pran?evi?i Reservoir lost the majority of its flow. The mean annual discharges dropped from 100 m³ s^?1 to less than 10 m³ s^?1 because of the Zaku?ac HEPP development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.