应用XRF-SEM-XRD-FTIR等分析测试技术研究丽水蓝色类欧泊(蛋白石)的矿物学与光学特征

直至目前,我国相关欧泊的矿藏及其相应的矿物学特征鲜见报道,近期在浙江丽水缙云地区发现的蓝色类欧泊石引起了宝玉石科研工作者的广泛关注,但此矿物的相关研究至今尚未见论述。本文应用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)结合X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等多种综合检测技术首次对该类蓝色原矿的矿物学及光学变彩性质进行研究。结果表明:XRF分析显示蓝色原矿的主体化学组成为SiO₂(质量含量95%),仅含极少量的Fe₂O₃与Al₂O₃等杂质。同时,蓝色原矿及其相应的热处理后样品局部区域具有明显的变彩特征,主体的化学组成与其光学特征与天然欧泊的组成及变彩效应类同。XRD分析显示原矿粉体的无机相的晶型为方石英相,衍射峰形锐化,该晶体的结构特征明显相异于天然欧泊即微晶类的蛋白石(Opal-CT)、Opal-C与非晶蛋白石类(Opal-A)。此外,样品的红外光谱与天然欧泊间存在一定的频率位移。鉴于此,初步将该类原矿归属为类欧泊,因蓝色原矿所在地丽水缙云地区属于中生代陆相火山岩的地质,因此进一步将该原矿命名为一类火山岩类的类欧泊石,而有关此类欧泊是否可以归属为广义上的欧泊有待再作商榷。同时基于对蓝色原矿有无变彩效应区域的FE-SEM测试结论,本文初步推测该类矿物的光学变彩特征与原矿表面的“叠瓦状”结构形貌有关。     

班公湖—怒江缝合带西段酸性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

针对班公湖—怒江中特提斯洋盆闭合的时间问题,选择西藏日土县班公湖畔蛇绿岩中的小型酸性侵入岩体为研究对象,探讨其岩石成因和构造环境。研究区酸性岩体的岩性为斜长花岗斑岩。地球化学分析显示,岩石SiO2含量介于65.78%~68.76%之间,(K2O+Na2O)含量为6.39%~6.86%;具有轻稀土元素富集、分馏程度高、Eu正异常不明显的特点;富集大离子不相容元素Sr、Ba、Rb,亏损高场强元素Ta、Ti、Nb,并有Ta、Nb元素谷形,显示出典型的岛弧岩浆岩特征。2个斜长花岗斑岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为96.08Ma±0.22Ma和96.05Ma±0.30Ma,均属于中生代晚白垩世。     

西伯利亚克拉通东南缘1.84 Ga构造热事件——俄罗斯斯塔诺夫南带南缘混合岩化黑云斜长片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素记录

对俄罗斯远东腾达(Tydna)斯塔诺夫南带南缘混合岩化黑云斜长片麻岩中锆石进行了U-Pb年龄测定和Hf同位素测试,获得其锆石核部年龄主要为≥2.57、~2.39、~2.33和~2.20 Ga,锆石增生边年龄为1.84 Ga,可靠的最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为~2.20 Ga,表明其原岩沉积时代为古元古代,而不是以往认为的太古宙,混合岩化事件年龄为1.84 Ga。锆石核部εHf(t)值为2.7~-16.2,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为3.7~2.8 Ga;锆石增生边的εHf(t)值为-7.5~-18.6,峰值为-15,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为3.6~2.9 Ga。锆石的εHf(t)值基本为负值说明这些岩石主要来自于地壳岩石的部分熔融;Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄的峰值在~3.4 Ga,表明它们可能主要来源于阿尔丹地盾下地壳物质的部分熔融。这些年龄资料将为西伯利亚克拉通东南缘地质构造演化提供重要的年代学制约。     

松辽盆地南部片钠铝石形成与碎屑长石的成因联系

含片钠铝石砂岩通常以富长石类型为主(岩屑长石砂岩,长石岩屑砂岩,长石砂岩)。为揭示片钠铝石与长石之间的主要赋存关系及长石在片钠铝石形成过程中所做的贡献,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及阴极发光等镜下观察方法对松辽盆地南部红岗地区含片钠铝石砂岩进行了岩石学系统研究。本区片钠铝石主要以充填孔隙及交代颗粒的形式产出,其中片钠铝石交代斜长石的现象明显多于交代钾长石,片钠铝石交代斜长石初期优先沿其双晶缝向内生长,有些甚至完全交代斜长石而呈现交代假象。整体上片钠铝石含量与长石含量呈负相关关系。长石的溶蚀溶解为片钠铝石的形成提供Na+、Al 3+,由于各类长石的热力学性质存在差异,钾长石发生溶蚀溶解的速率及程度会明显低于斜长石,因此斜长石对形成片钠铝石的离子贡献大于钾长石。     

中太平洋CA海山玄武岩中斜长石化学成分特征及地质意义

在对CA海山玄武岩CAD21样品岩相学研究基础上,运用电子探针和X-荧光光谱法(XRF)对中太平洋CA海山斜长石斑晶中的环带、斜长石微晶和玄武岩中的硅酸盐进行了化学成分研究。CA海山玄武岩为地幔柱成因的板内玄武岩;斜长石斑晶具有环带结构,环带核部与边部为不连续消光,是不连续环带;环带核部为培长石,边部为拉长石,是岩浆演化过程中形成的正环带,其成因受岩浆演化过程中熔体组分及温、压条件的共同制约。斜长石斑晶核部、边部及斜长石微晶估算温度平均值分别为1 281,1 198和1 071 ℃,分别代表了岩浆源区、岩浆房及岩浆喷发温度,三者温度差值较小,这和洋岛玄武质岩浆的形成及喷发特点相吻合。     

塔里木西部奥依塔克斜长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究

作者对塔里木西部奥依塔克斜长花岗岩中的锆石进行了配套的原位微区U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素分析。两个样品的锆石U-Pb平均年龄分别为：337.5±6.5Ma和339.2±6.5Ma（Th/U 比值在0.3~1.0之间）,与前人所获得的SHRIMP年龄基本一致。所有锆石的¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf比值均分布在0.2829~0.2831之间,并具有极高的正ε_Hf值（12~17）,其平均Lu-Hf亏损地幔模式年龄为359.1Ma,与其U-Pb年龄十分接近。上述Hf同位素特点反映出其源区可能为新生的玄武质下地壳。此外,所有锆石的¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf比值和ε_Hf值基本位于亏损地幔演化线上,指示该新生的玄武质下地壳来源于亏损地幔。结合前人对该岩体以及区域地质的研究,推测奥依塔克岩体应与巴楚—喀什一带石炭纪似层状杂岩体相关,其形成可能受石炭纪时导致天山裂谷发育的地幔柱活动的影响。     

“Spherulite-like” jadeite growth in shock-melt veins of the Novosibirsk H5/6 chondrite

The Novosibirsk H5/6 ordinary chondrite has signs of shock metamorphism, such as dark shock-melt veins (SMVs) crossing the chondrite host rock. The plagioclase composition grains (Ab₇₈An₁₄Or₇) with jadeite were found in the host-rock fragments inside the SMVs. Jadeite has an unusual radial-concentric spherulite-like microtexture. The spherulite-like jadeite formed from the molten plagioclase grain under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions during an impact event. The crystallization was accompanied by sodium-potassium differentiation between coexisting jadeite and residual melt. The PT-conditions of jadeite formation were estimated to be 3-14 GPa and 1400-2150 °C. Jadeite crystallization, Na-K differentiation, and the pressure-temperature estimates of jadeite formation in the Novosibirsk chondrite are very close to those in the Chelyabinsk LL5 chondrite. The spherulite-like microtexture and jadeite-glass coexistence, most likely, point to a high cooling rate of the SMVs at the pressure release stage of the metamorphic process.     

Thermodynamic modeling of post-entrapment crystallization in igneous phases

Inclusions of quenched silicate liquid in igneous phenocryst phases represent important windows into the pre-eruption chemistry of volcanic rocks. Melt inclusions are subject to a variety of potential modifications after entrapment, which obscure the connection between final inclusion composition, and entrapment conditions. We concentrate on the effects of post-entrapment crystallization (PEC) in the cooling inclusion. PEC is neither an isobaric nor an isochoric process. Pressure decreases between 2 and 27 bars per degree of cooling, depending on the chemistry of melt and host and on the degree of PEC. In the equilibrium case, between about 50% and 65% of this pressure effect is due to thermal expansivity of the liquid, 10–35% from thermal expansivity of the host, and 5–40% from mass transfer between the inclusion and host. This complicates the application of simple element-partitioning schemes for back-calculating the effects of post-entrapment crystallization except in the simplest cases. We present a thermodynamic algorithm for PEC correction. This method is based on the self-consistent thermodynamic model set used in the MELTS software package. The algorithm moves backward through the PEC process, incrementally adding equilibrium crystal composition to the liquid while accounting for consequent variations in pressure and oxygen fugacity. Entrapment conditions are assumed to have been reached when the instantaneous liquidus solid composition most closely matches that of the bulk host crystal. Besides giving information on the degree of PEC and initial inclusion composition, the proposed algorithm can provide constraints on the pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity at the time of entrapment. Olivine- and orthopyroxene-hosted inclusions from Popocatépetl, Mexico help constrain pre-eruption conditions for mixed magmas from recent eruptive products. Feldspar-hosted inclusions from Satsuma-Iwojima, Japan suggest that these magmas were substantially undersaturated with respect to supercritical vapor phase at the time of entrapment and underwent on the order of 29% post-entrapment crystallization. Quartz-hosted inclusions can potentially be employed in more silicic compositions, but this will require refinement of existing thermodynamic models.     

角闪岩相温度条件下斜长石的变形组构

对采自五台群底部的角闪黑云斜长片麻岩样品进行了较为细致的研究工作，探讨了样品遭受变质变形的温度条件及样品中变形双晶类型和斜长石的晶格组构型式。研究表明：变形时的温度条件是影响变形双晶类型的主要因素，高温变形条件下趋向于形成肖钠双晶。随着变形温度的变化，斜长石的晶格优选和双晶滑移系也发生相应变化。本文论及的斜长石组构特点是较高变形温度条件下形成的一种新的组构类型。     

辽宁弓长岭太古宙斜长角闪岩中微球粒之发现

本文报道了辽宁弓长岭二矿区太古宙纹层状斜长角闪岩中微球粒之发现。微球粒一种呈暗色、不透明、有磁性;另一种为浅乳黄—棕黄色、透明—半透明、无磁性或弱磁性。它们多为玻璃质,强磁性者为磁铁矿。微球粒具气孔、瘤状、气泡塌陷、连体、凹坑等反映强塑性、高速运动、富挥发份、快速冷凝特征的多种表面和内部结构。其化学组成以SiO_2、TFe、Al_2O_3和CaO为主。它们的形成可能与火山作用或陨石撞击作用有关。无论其成因如何,均表明:1)纹层状斜长角闪岩的原岩为基性凝灰岩;2)本区变质温压条件存在微区不均匀性。