克拉通内盆地研究中的几个重要问题

克拉通内盆地不仅记录了克拉通在显生宙的演化历史，而且是油气富集的重要场所。本文提出了在克拉通内盆地研究中的几个重要问题：（１）克拉通内盆地基底的非均一性；（２）克拉通内盆地地层层序及其边界不整合分析；（３）克拉通内盆地沉降史分析；（４）克拉通内盆地成因探讨；（５）克拉通内盆地演化与板块构造作用的关系。通过对这些问题的研究，可以深入理解克拉通内盆地形成、充填、改造作用及其对油气分布的控制。     

“造山带研究”笔谈会

《地学前缘》编辑部遵循"百花齐放,百家争鸣"的方针,以笔谈会形式邀请10多位地质学家从不同角度阐述造山带研究的意义、理论和方法等。文中主要论述了下列内容：（1）关于造山带的涵义。对造山带的涵义有两种不同的认识：一种意见把造山带与板块间的相互作用密切联系,强调只有会聚板块边缘构造作用形成的地质体,才能称为造山带;另一种意见认为板内造山带是客观存在的,对大陆造山带的研究是大陆动力学的关键。（2）关于中国造山带的特点。中国地处3大体系──印度板块、太平洋板块和西伯利亚板块的交汇处,是古亚洲、特提斯和太平洋3大洋盆体系和其间诸多地块开裂、演化、增生、碰撞和消亡的结果。它们通常经历了长期的地质演化,形成了许多多期复合型造山带,而不完全与地球上一些典型的造山带相同。另一个特点是老造山带和已稳定地块在后期可再次卷入构造运动而活化。因此,中国是研究大陆开裂、增生、碰撞和拼贴作用的理想场所。（3）我们应当在总结中国各类造山带的地质。地球物理和地球化学等特征的基础上,结合东亚以至全球构造研究,创建大陆造山带的新理论。     

板内盆地地震构造分析──以江苏南部为例

板内地震构造的主要控制因素是区域构造应力场和局部的特殊发震构造条件。本文提出江苏南部强地震的主要构造标志是新生代活动盆地，盆地内的隐伏发震断层与区域构造应力场的最大主应力之间的夹角正好有利于剪切破裂的发生。三维有限元数值模拟证明，盆地形成过程中产生的地壳脆弱化，导致构造应力的重新分布和局部集中，盆地内部脆弱体中的隐伏断层是潜在的震源破裂面，盆地边缘积累的弹性应变能则是地震时释放的能量来源。     

中国某些板内构造与矿床的关系

简要介绍了几种代表性矿床与某些板内构造的关系,其中包括郯庐断裂及其有关矿床、拉分盆地宁芜铁矿、伸展构造与胶东金矿、陆内碰撞造山带与豫西金矿、昆阳裂谷与东川铜矿等,并初步探讨了这些板内构造与板块构造活动的关系及其深部机制。     

Pampean Orogen: An Intraplate Component of Early Paleozoic Deformation?

After accretion of the Pampean continental fragment to the western Rio de la Plata craton margin (530 Ma), subsequent deformation, crustal anatexis and plutonism may have been intraplate responses to Brasiliano-PanAfrican collisional tectonism on the eastern margin during the amalgamation of Gondwana. Investigations of intraplate orogens such as the Tien Shan and the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, as well as of analogue and numerical models, permit discrimination of two early Paleozoic tectonomagmatic phases in the Sierras Pampeanas. The first involved marginal trough subduction and calc-alkaline magmatism, culminating in accretion of the Pampean terrane to the western craton edge; the second was characterized by crustal anatexis and peraluminous plutonism, penetrative deformation and high-angle reverse faulting resulting from continental collision on the eastern craton margin.Field observations from modern (Tien Shan) and ancient (Ancestral Rocky Mountains) intraplate chains, deep seismic and borehole data, radiometric and fission-track data constitute control for analogue and numerical models of intraplate deformation resulting from continental collision. Near-simultaneous continent-wide deformation, regularly spaced ranges/buckles, reverse-fault initiation at fold hinges of buckles, and doubling of crustal thickness are replicated in structural arrays formed in four-layer analogue models of lithospheric buckling. These data have significant implications for the ductile deformation, crustral thickening and post-subduction plutonism that spanned central South America in Late Cambrian time.     

Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the Mongolian Altai: Defining a new class of orogen

Mountain ranges that are actively forming around the western and northern perimeter of the Indo-Eurasia collisional deformational field, such as the Mongolian Altai, comprise a unique class of intracontinental intraplate transpressional orogen with structural and basinal elements that are distinct from contractional and extensional orogens. Late Cenozoic uplift and mountain building in the Mongolian Altai is dominated by regional-scale dextral strike-slip faults that link with thrust and oblique-slip faults within a 300-km-wide deforming belt sandwiched between the more rigid Junggar Basin block and Hangay Precambrian craton. Dominant orogenic elements in the Mongolian Altai include double restraining bends, terminal restraining bends, partial restraining bends, single thrust ridges, thrust ridges linked by strike-slip faults, and triangular block uplifts in areas of conjugate strike-slip faults. The overall pattern is similar to a regional strike-slip duplex array; however, the significant amount of contractional and oblique-slip displacement within the range and large number of historical oblique-slip seismic events renders the term “transpressional duplex” more accurate. Intramontane and range flanking basins can be classified as ramp basins, half-ramp basins, open-sided thrust basins, pull-apart basins, and strike-slip basins. Neither a classic fold-and-thrust orogenic wedge geometry nor a bounding foredeep exists. The manner in which upper crustal transpressional deformation is balanced in the lower crust is unknown; however, crustal thickening by lower crustal inflation and northward outflow of lower crustal material are consistent with existing geological and geodetic data and could account for late Cenozoic regional epeirogenic uplift in the Russian Altai and Sayan regions.     

Estimation of Site Response in Kachchh,Gujarat, India,Region Using H/V Spectral Ratios of Aftershocks of the 2001 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">w</Emphasis></Subscript> 7.7 Bhuj Earthquake

Site response in the aftershock zone of 2001 Bhuj M_w 7.7 earthquake has been studied using the H/V spectral ratio method using 454 aftershocks (M_w 2.5–4.7) recorded at twelve three-component digital strong motion and eight three-component digital seismograph sites. The mean amplification factor obtained for soft sediment sites (Quaternary/Tertiary) varies from 0.75–6.03 times for 1–3 Hz and 0.49–3.27 times for 3–10 Hz. The mean amplification factors obtained for hard sediment sites (hard Jurassic/Mesozoic sediments) range from 0.32–3.24 times for 1–3 Hz and 0.37–2.18 times for 310 Hz. The upper bounds of the larger mean amplification factors for 1–3 Hz are found to be of the order of 3.13–6.03 at Chopadwa, Vadawa, Kavada, Vondh, Adhoi, Jahwarnagar and Gadhada, whereas, the upper bounds of the higher mean amplification factors at 3–10 Hz are estimated to be of the order of 2.00–3.27° at Tapar, Chopadwa, Adhoi, Jahwarnagar, Gandhidham and Khingarpur. The site response estimated at Bhuj suggests a typical hard-rock site behavior. Preliminary site response maps for 1–3 Hz and 310 Hz frequency ranges have been prepared for the area extending from 23–23.85 °N and 69.65–70.85°E. These frequency ranges are considered on the basis of the fact that the natural frequencies of multi-story buildings (3 to 10 floor) range between 1–3 Hz, while the natural frequencies for 1 to 3 story buildings vary from 3–10 Hz. The 1–3 Hz map delineates two distinct zones of maximum site amplification (>3 times): one lying in the NW quadrant of the study area covering Jahwarnagar, Kavada and Gadadha and the other in the SE quadrant of the study area with a peak of 6.03 at Chopadwa covering an area of 70 km × 50 km. While the 3–10 Hz map shows more than 2 times site amplification value over the entire study area except, NE quadrant, two patches in the southwest corner covering Bhuj and Anjar, and one patch at the center covering Vondh, Manfara and Sikara. The zones for large site amplification values (∼3 times) are found at Tapar, Chopadwa, Adhoi and Chobari. The estimated site response values show a good correlation with the distribution of geological formations as well as observed ground deformation in the epicentral zone.     

Intraplate Deformation of Asia Derived from ITRF2000 Velocity Field

The definition of an "intraplate fixed" frame remains a significant error source for crustal motion studies at a few millimeters per year level. An appropriate implementation of such a frame is very important to avoid biased velocities and to confirm a valid geophysical interpretation. Here, we establish the newest global plate motion model of ITRF2000VEL and research the definition of an Asian-fixed frame in Asia using the ITRF2000 velocity field. By X2 and F ratio tests, we find a subset site in Asia that satisfies a rigid cap rotation with residual velocities <0. 95 mm/a and provide a stable Asia reference frame (SARF). In this reference frame, we find residual velocities at Asiatic ITRF2000 sites that are consistent with known active tectonic feature. An important result of this study is the identification of internal deformation of the order of 1-2 mm/a in an area usually interpreted as "stable" Asia. These results should be further checked as newer, denser and more accurate space geodetic data sets wit     

板内块体现今刚性运动模型研究

应用欧拉矢量方法,建立了板内块体运动模型。根据运动模型,应用全国ＧＰＳ地壳运动监测网２期观测结果,计算了我国大陆板内块体的现今运动量。ＧＰＳ计算结果与板内块体运动的地质结果比较,二者的可比性反映了我国大陆板内块体在全球板块运动影响下的总体运动趋势。