湘中基底-盖层W-Au-Sb热液系统的金属分异机制综述

湘中盆地锑矿床闻名于世,成矿元素在垂直空间上呈现出上锑(泥盆系)、中金锑(震旦系)、下金钨或金锑钨(板溪群),盆地中锑、边缘锑(金/钨)的成矿分布特征。通过系统的成矿地质条件、成矿元素地球化学研究,以及矿物流包裹体地球化学数据分析表明,湘中盆地及其基底的成矿元素分带是成矿流体性质和元素地球化学行为差异等因素相互耦合的结果。湘中地区基底-盖层成矿系统:构造-岩浆岩+盆地-流体作用,基底成矿元素在流体的作用下被萃取迁移到不同部位(基底→盖层不断演化);成矿元素锑的沉淀主要受流体的温度和pH值影响,金的沉淀主要受硫逸度或总硫溶度的控制,钨的沉淀主要受流体的盐度控制,且因物化条件的变化和元素地球化学行为的控制而呈现不同元素组合沉淀成矿。     

内蒙古曹四夭钼矿区花岗斑岩地球化学特征及地质意义

曹四夭钼矿床位于华北克拉通北缘凉城断隆东侧,其矿化与多期次侵位的花岗质杂岩体具有密切的时间和空间联系。杂岩体的岩石类型包括:少斑状花岗斑岩、多斑状花岗斑岩、中细粒花岗岩、二长花岗斑岩和正长花岗斑岩等;前人的锆石U-Pb法测年数据表明,矿区岩浆活动可以分为155 Ma、149~140 Ma、134~131 Ma三个期次。本次研究获得矿区少斑状花岗斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法测年加权平均年龄为167Ma±1.2Ma,反映矿区可能还存在较早期的岩浆活动(中-晚侏罗世),其可与155 Ma岩浆岩划分为矿区早期的岩浆活动。花岗斑岩体具有高酸度、高钾和高铝质含量特征,总体属于酸性富钾钙碱性系列;花岗斑岩体含铝指数(A/CNK)介于1.20~2.49之间,Tb、Nd、Ga和LREE(Eu除外)富集,Eu、Ti、Sr、P亏损,属于高度分异的A型花岗岩系列。曹四夭花岗斑岩体形成于中-晚侏罗世构造机制转化时期,可能与蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合后的后造山伸展有关,为晚侏罗世钼多金属矿化的母岩。     

菲律宾迪纳加特岛30#矿权区红土型镍矿床地质特征及成矿作用探讨

30~#矿权区位于菲律宾迪纳加特岛北部,区内发育有红土型镍矿床。本次勘查圈定4处矿(化)体,其中以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ矿(化)体的矿化范围较大,厚度变化系数为45%~50%(相对稳定),经济价值较高。红土型镍矿体平面上呈地毯状展布于地表,厚度受地形控制,富镍矿体分布于矿权区东部的5、6、11、12小区;剖面上从地表向深部矿体为铁质红土层、松散红土层及高岭土化蛇纹石化橄榄岩层。30~#矿权区红土镍矿矿床的形成经历了从普通矿到富矿两个阶段,红土镍矿石属于酸性矿石。     

音频大地电磁测深在齐大山铁矿王家堡子采区深部找矿中的应用

鞍山齐大山铁矿王家堡子采区产出鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿,铁矿石多以磁铁贫矿为主,局部产出富铁矿,目前钻探工程控制标高为-600 m,采区深部的资源潜力是急待解决的问题,为此对采区进行音频大地电磁测量和研究工作。齐大山铁矿的电性变化复杂,通过先期的实验剖面确定了矿区铁矿体的3种不同电阻率特征,然后对王家堡子采区的3760线、4050线、4500线进行音频大地电磁测量、数据处理和断面反演分析。推测3760线的低阻由磁铁贫矿引起,局部高阻为假象赤铁贫矿引起;推测4050线和4500线浅部的低阻由磁铁贫矿引起,深部的高阻为假象赤铁贫矿及磁铁贫矿引起。同时预测3760线、4050线和4500线西侧深部均有低电阻率显示,反映出隐伏铁矿床的存在特征,推测在-1 000 m标高以下仍存在有隐伏的富矿体或板状磁铁贫矿。经过钻探验证,获得了预期的找矿效果。     

Two Phases of Mineralization in the Dabaoshan Polymetallic Deposit,Guangdong Province: Constraints from Re-Os Geochronology of Black Carbonaceous Mudstone and MolybdeniteEI北大核心CSCD

The Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit is a polygenetic composite ore deposit located at south of the Qinhang (Qinzhou-Hangzhou) Metallogenic Belt, which is composed mainly of SEDEX type Cu-Pb-Zn and porphyry-skarn type W-Mo orebodies. Systematic field study shows that the W-Mo mineralization exhibits as quartz-vein type and skarn type orebodies around the granodioritic porphyry, or superimposes on the SEDEX type Cu-Pb-Zn orebody, while the Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization occurs mainly in the Qiziqiao Formation as stratiform-substratiform type and breccia type orebodies with typical SEDEX-type characteristics. Re-Os dating of five molybdenite separates from porphyry-skarn type W-Mo orebodies yielded isochron ages of 163.6±1.0 Ma (MSWD=0.58), which represents the age of W-Mo mineralization. Re-Os dating of seven black carbonaceous mudstone samples from a Cu-Pb-Zn orebody yielded isochron age of 387.6±9.9 Ma (MSWD=56), which is interpreted to be the age of SEDEX-type Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization. These ages indicate that there are at least two stages of ore mineralization in the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit. The W-Mo mineralization is related to the Yanshanian intermediated-acidic intrusions, while the stratiform-substratiform SEDEX-type Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization is associated with the Hercynian seafloor hydrothermal activities. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Generation and Development of Structures and Their Controls on Ore Mineralization in the Lehong Zinc-lead Deposit,Northeastern YunnanEI北大核心CSCD

The Lehong zinc-lead deposit is one of the new-found large Zn-Pb deposits in the Sichuan- Yunnan-Guizhou Zn-Pb poly-metallic mineralization area. The ore-bodies of the Lehong deposit are strictly controlled by structures, and the fault tectonites can be divided into four groups which include morbruk rock, cataclastic rock and tectonic breccia. The mechanical properties of the faults suggest that there are five tectonic systems formed in the Caledonian-early Hercynian, Indosinian-early Yanshanian, mid-Yanshanian, late Yanshanian and Himalayan periods, respectively. The Lehong fault and the Qiaojia-Lianfeng fault are two important ore-controlling structures which might have acted as channel ways of the ore fluids. The ores are hosted in the subordinary fracture zone, joint fracture zone and interlayer fault zones in trailing folds of the Lehong fault and the Baobaoshang syncline and Jinjiagou anticline. Hence, the Lehong deposit is a tectonic -controlled ore deposit. These research do not only lay a foundation for studying deposit genesis and ore-finding direction in the Lehong deposit, but also provides important enlightenments for the ore-finding prognosis of lead-zinc deposits in northwestern Guizhou ore concentration district. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Hydrothermal Dolomite: A Review and PerspectiveEI北大核心CSCD

Hydrothermal dolomite commonly closely associates with oil-gas reservoirs and sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits in particular. Host rocks of MVT deposits usually experienced extensive dolomitization, and indeed, hydrothermal dolomite is considered as a useful prospective indicator for MVT mineralization. However, genetic link between the hydrothermal dolomitization and MVT Pb-Zn mineralization is a matter of debate. This paper briefly reviewed the nomenclature and research history of hydrothermal dolomite, introduced the major geological, geochemical characteristics, and distribution of hydrothermal dolomite, spatial and possibly genetic relationship between hdyrothermal dolomite and hdyrothermal ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs based on case studies including the occurrence of hydrothermal dolomites in MVT deposits in Southwest China. The temporal and genetic relationships between dolomitizaiton and thermal sulfate reduction, sulfide precipitation and thus the location of ore mineralization well worthy more attention, and comprehensive geological and isotope geochemical and state of art in situ techniques will contribute to understanding of the genesis of hydrotherml dolomite and the spatially related ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

基于小波分析与Mann-Kendall法的岩溶大泉动态研究

研究地下水动态是认识地下水资源的有效手段。根据1956－2013年济南岩溶泉域大气降水及地下水水位动态监测资料,采用小波分析法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、突变检验法研究了58个水文年泉水位对大气降水的响应,可以看出:（1）大气降水和泉水位呈现出多尺度的变化特征,长时间尺度上两者的变化周期基本相同,变化周期为16年和12年,说明大气降水对泉水位有直接影响;（2）在1956—2013年,济南泉域地下水水位具有0.65 m·（10a）-1的年际显著下降趋势,但降水具有12.65 mm·（10a）-1的不显著上升趋势,说明在人为因素影响下泉水动态的影响因素的权重发生了变化;（3）大气降水在1999年发生突变,1999年之后年降水为增加趋势;而地下水水位突变年份为1967年,1967年以后水位持续降低,2004年以后水位快速上升,泉水位未来趋势应与降水保持一致,呈上升趋势,说明大气降水并非泉水动态的唯一影响因素;（4）通过建立不同时段的多元回归模型,表明近58年来地下水水位的主要影响因素由大气降水到人工开采之间的转换,同时验证了小波分析和Mann-Kendall法研究地下水动态的适宜性和可靠性,也为济南市的保泉提供了参考依据。      

Research Progress and Prospect on Reactivation of Ancient Landslides

The ancient landslide has endured long-term slope evolution which results in its complicated material and special rock-soil properties. The risk of ancient landslide reactivation is substantially increasing due to the increase of intensified human engineering activities and the frequency of extreme weather events. Many ancient landslides have been reactivated all over the world and led to serious fatalities and severe damage to many important engineering facilities such as transportation and hydropower engineering projects. On the basis of the analysis of the research situation about the ancient landslides at home and abroad, the main research advances were summarized including the regional developing laws and recognizing of the ancient landslides, the mechanics properties of ancient landslide body and related sliding zone, reactivation mechanism of ancient landslides, reactivating process and modeling analysis of ancient landslides, early recognization of ancient landslide reactivation, etc. To meet the demands of disaster prevention and reduction, three key scientific issues were put forward to be solved: ①automaticaly establishing the methodology and identification criterions for recognition of ancient landslide; ②revealing the reactivation mechanism of ancient landslide based on a new strength theory; ③establishing the early rapid recognition method and predictive model for ancient landslide reactivation. Solving the above mentioned scientific theory and methodology will facilitate the planning and site selection of major projects as well as the disaster prevention and reduction in ancient landslide developing areas.     

南部非洲花岗岩型与伟晶岩型钽矿床地质特征

钽作为一种重要的稀有金属矿产,广泛应用于各种工业领域。世界上的钽矿床成因主要为内生成矿,尤以花岗岩型和伟晶型最为重要,碰撞造山过程导致的多期次岩浆活动是有利的钽矿成矿环境。南部非洲钽矿资源丰富且品位高,主要为花岗岩型和伟晶岩型钽矿床,空间上主要分布在卡普瓦尔克拉通、刚果克拉通、津巴布韦克拉通以及基巴拉、泛非、达马拉等碰撞环境下形成的同造山—后造山构造带内,时间上主要集中在太古宙(2.85~2.58 Ga)、古元古代(2.48~2.0 Ga)、晚中元古代—早新元古代(1026~880 Ma)以及泛非活动期(500~440 Ma),且不同钽矿带内含钽矿物稀有及稀土元素分布特征差异较大。南部非洲发育大量与钽矿形成密切相关的花岗岩及伟晶岩岩体,资源潜力巨大,未来有望成为世界上主要的钽资源接续基地。