伊犁地块北缘早古生代构造属性:来自温泉地区闪长岩的证据

温泉地区位于伊犁地块与哈萨克斯坦板块结合部位,广泛发育早古生代侵入岩,侵入岩带对探究伊犁地块北缘早古生代构造背景及洋陆演化具有重要意义。在野外地质填图和岩相学观察基础上,对温泉地区奥陶纪闪长岩开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和地球化学研究。年代学表明,石英闪长岩3个样品锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为（467.7±5.4）、（457.1±3.9）和（455.4±5.0）Ma,表明其结晶时间从中奥陶世一直持续到晚奥陶世早期。地球化学成分显示,闪长岩SiO₂质量分数（50.19%~61.91%,平均56.57%）、TiO₂质量分数（0.84%~1.13%,平均1.01%）较低,MgO质量分数（2.36%~8.17%,平均4.60%）、CaO质量分数（3.94%~9.45%,平均6.50%）和全碱质量分数（3.74%~7.06%,平均5.41%）相对较高,并具有高的Na₂O/K₂O值（1.42~4.90,平均2.76）,以及低的A/CNK值（0.70~0.95,平均0.84）,为准铝质岩石。微量元素地球化学显示闪长岩富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb等）,亏损高场强元素（Ta、Nb、Ti等）;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布模式表现为"左陡右缓"的变化趋势,Eu显示弱的负异常（δEu=0.67~1.12,平均值0.90）,重稀土元素质量分数较低,具有大陆边缘弧火成岩地球化学特征。Harker二元图解表明,岩浆演化过程中发生了分离结晶作用,存在于岩体中的地层捕虏体显示其经历了一定的地壳混染。两件石英闪长岩样品具有相近的Hf同位素组成：ε_Hf（t）值为3.9~7.0,两阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）为991~1 191 Ma（平均1 083 Ma）,远远大于锆石U-Pb年龄。以上特征表明亏损地幔在闪长岩源区占主导地位,并有早期大洋板片流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔组分的混入。综合地质资料和前人研究成果,推测区内闪长岩形成时的动力可能与准噶尔洋奥陶纪持续向南俯冲有关,洋盆最终于晚奥陶世-早志留世闭合。     

Mafic-ultramafic magmatism of the Early Precambrian (from the Archean to Paleoproterozoic)

Compositional evolution of the Archean mafic-ultramafic volcanics is considered in comparison with evolution of the Paleoproterozoic volcanism using available data on the Baltic shield, Pilbara (Australia) and Superior (Canada) cratons, and the Isua greenstone belt (Greenland). The Archean volcanics of mantle origin are of two major types, represented (a) by komatiite-basaltic complexes (komatiites, komatiitic and tholeiitic basalts) and (b) by geochemical analogs of boninites (GAB) and siliceous high-Mg series (SHMS) of volcanic rocks. As is established, the komatiitic and GAB volcanism ceased in the terminal Archean, whereas the SHMS rocks prevailed in the Paleoproterozoic to become extinct about 2 Ga ago in connection with transition to the Phanerozoic type of tectonomagmatic activity. Geochemical trends of mafic-ultramafic associations occurring in the considered cratons are not uniform, being of particular character to certain extent. With transition from the Paleo- to Neoarchean, rock associations of both types reveal a minor increase in Ti and Fe contents. Comparatively high Fe₂O_3tot TiO₂, and P₂O₅ concentrations (maximal ones in the Archean), which are characteristic of the Neoarchean (2.75–2.70 Ga) basalts from the Superior and Pilbara cratons or the Baltic shield, represent a result of relatively high-Ti intracratonic magmatic activity that commenced in that period practically for the first time in the Earth history. This magmatic activity of the Neoarchean was not as intense as the high-Mg basaltic volcanism, and the absolute maximum in concentrations of the above components was attained only 2.2–1.9 Ga ago, at the time of appearance in abundance of Fe-Ti picrites and basalts typical of the Phanerozoic intraplate magmatism. The Archean volcanic complexes demonstrate gradual secular increase in concentrations of incompatible elements (LREE inclusive) and growth of Nb/Th ratio that apparently reflected the progressing influence of mantle plumes. In the early Paleoproterozoic (2.5–2.35 Ga), values of that ratio considerably declined in the SHMS rocks and then quickly grew in the Middle Paleoproterozoic volcanics (2.2–1.9 Ga) to attain finally the values typical of the Phanerozoic magmas associated in origin with mantle plumes. The ?_Nd(T) parameter was decreasing with time from positive values in the Paleoarchean to negative ones in the SHMS rocks of the Paleoproterozoic most likely in response to grown proportion of ancient crustal material in magmatic melts. Since the mid-Paleoproterozoic, the ?_Nd(T) values turn in general into positive again reflecting change in the character of magmatic activity: the SHMS melts gave place at that time to the Fe-Ti picrite-basaltic magmas. The primary crust of the Earth was presumably of sialic composition and originated during solidification from the bottom upward of the global magma ocean a few hundreds kilometers deep, when most fusible components migrated up to the surface to form there the granitic crust. Geological history of the Earth commenced at the appearance time of granite-greenstone terranes and granulite belts separating them, the first large tectonic structures formed under influence of raising mantle superplumes.     

西藏狮泉河蛇绿岩中侏罗世晚期(ca.163Ma)OIB型辉绿岩及高镁闪长岩年代学及地球化学特征:早期洋壳俯冲产物?

本文首次报道了侵位于狮泉河蛇绿岩(蛇纹石化超基性岩)中的具有OIB性质的辉绿岩以及赞岐岩型的高镁闪长岩。其中闪长岩具有较高的TiO_2、Y及Yb含量,较低的Sr/Y比值和La/Yb比值,与日本Setouchi火山岩带的赞岐岩以及前人报道的同期洋内初始俯冲成因相关的高镁安山岩性质一致。辉绿岩富LREE,高Zr/Y、TiO_2/Yb和Nb/Yb比值,Nb、Ti负异常,Pb正异常,表现出了俯冲带相关的OIB性质;采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,测得辉绿岩脉的成岩年龄为163. 7±0. 54Ma(MSWD=3. 8),且该年龄与前人报道的160. 8±2. 3Ma的高镁安山岩年龄较为接近。综合分析本文及前人年代学与岩石地球化学相关数据,认为狮泉河辉绿岩和闪长岩同时形成于洋内俯冲的初始阶段。这种岩石组合与太平洋IBM岛链初始俯冲的岩石组合相似,但该OIB成因机制中俯冲作用与地幔柱之间的相互关系仍需进一步讨论。     

秦岭-祁连结合部位早古生代埃达克岩的发现及其造山作用意义

阎家店闪长岩体位于北祁连造山带东段,是秦-祁构造结合部位最大的早古生代复合闪长岩体,主要岩性为石英闪长岩-闪长岩。早期研究显示阎家店闪长岩体北部样品的测年结果为~440Ma,是以红土堡基性火山岩为代表的弧间裂谷(或初始弧后盆地)在中晚奥陶世向北俯冲形成的岛弧侵入岩体。区域资料显示阎家店闪长岩自北向南岩体逐渐发育平行定向构造,具有糜棱结构,片麻状构造。南部糜棱岩化闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成于418±3.2Ma。主微量元素地球化学特征显示其与埃达克岩地球化学特征一致,具有高Si O2,Al2O3,Na2O和Sr,低Yb和Y以及高Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N比值,无或微弱的Eu异常。低Na/K,Nb/U和Ce/Pb比值以及负的εHf(t)值表明阎家店闪长岩体主要起源于壳源物质的部分熔融。较高的Y/Yb和Ho/Yb以及Nb/Ta暗示其源岩已经转变为榴辉岩相物质。高密度的榴辉岩相基性下地壳由于重力不稳定性拆沉进入地幔,受地幔橄榄岩交代导致了阎家店闪长岩体南部样品的高Mg O含量以及Mg#。因此,自~440Ma至~418Ma秦岭-祁连结合部位的地壳在不断地加厚,~418Ma的阎家店闪长岩形成于俯冲后碰撞造山阶段,其动力学背景和时限与北祁连构造带一致。     

小兴安岭西北部与永新金矿有关岩浆岩的年代学和地球化学及成矿构造环境

永新金矿是近年发现的大型蚀变岩型脉状金矿床,闪长玢岩脉等与金矿脉相互穿切并侵入于上盘龙江组火山岩中。锆石LA ICP MS U-Pb测年显示,龙江组安山岩结晶年龄为(1137 ± 18)Ma,闪长玢岩结晶年龄为(1148 ± 19)Ma,均形成于早白垩世晚期。二者钠钾含量变化相对较大,相对富铝富铁、钙镁含量中等,从火山岩到脉岩表现为钙碱性向碱性系列过渡特征。火山岩、脉岩与矿石的稀土元素配分曲线有很好的一致性,矿石稀土含量低于岩石。岩石微量元素总体显示Zr、Hf、Nd、U等明显富集,而Nb、Ta、Th、P、Ti等明显亏损。在Sr/Y-Y和(La/Yb)N-(Yb)N图解中,所有样品均落入经典岛弧岩石范围;在Nb-Y、Ta-Yb的构造环境判别图中均处于火山弧岩浆岩区,在(La/Yb)N-δEu变异图上落在壳-幔型岩浆范围。结合矿床稳定同位素及区域金矿时空分布规律等综合特征,认为永新金矿的形成与早白垩世古太平洋板块俯冲所引发的(火山)岩浆活动有关。     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of diorite dikes from Nancha ore deposit in Tonghua area of Jilin and its geological significance

The authors presented geochronology and geochemical data of diorites from Nancha gold deposit in Tonghua region,with the aim to constraining its formation age,magma source and tectonic setting.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of zircons from the diorites indicate that the rocks were formed in the Middle Jurassic( 171± 2 Ma,MSWD = 1.19).Geochemically,these rocks have Si O_2 concentrations of 52.52%--54.90%,K_2 O of2.14%--3.84%,Na_2 O of 3.17%--3.35%,Mg O of 7.43%--9.34% and high Mg~# of 68.57-72.57.These rocks are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements( LILE,such as K,Ba,Rb and Sr) and light rare earth elements( LREE),relatively depletion in high field strength elements( HFSE,such as Ta,Nb,Ti and Zr),and heavy rare earth elements( HREE).These characteristics suggest that primary magma of the rocks were derived from the partial melting of mantle with miner crustal contamination,which may related to partial melting of mantle wedge by addition of sediment melt from subducting oceanic crust.Based on former and present studies,the authors consider that the Nancha ore deposit high-Mg diorites were formed in compressional structural setting which is similar to volcanic arc.It could be related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent.     

新疆包古图Ⅲ号岩体岩石学和锆石SHRIMP年代学研究

野外地质观测表明,包古图Ⅲ号岩体由两部分组成（北部的Ⅲ 1和南部的Ⅲ 2）,Ⅲ 1的岩性为花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩,Ⅲ 2的岩性为石英闪长岩、闪长岩和少量辉石闪长岩。挑选Ⅲ 1岩体中部新鲜石英闪长岩样品,测得其锆石SHRIMP年龄为(313±3）Ma。包古图Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 1、Ⅳ、Ⅴ号岩体具有相似的形成时间,集中在310~325 Ma,成矿作用发生在岩浆演化的晚期（316~310 Ma）。     

新疆大黑山地区双庆铜矿北岩体地球化学特征及其构造环境

新疆哈密大黑山地区双庆铜矿北岩体的岩石类型主要为花岗闪长岩,少数为英云闪长岩,SiO2含量平均为74.18%,K2O/Na2O值平均为1.52,相对富钾,岩石属高钾钙碱性系列,岩石酸、碱度与同类岩石平均值相当,而镁铁组分低于平均值,显示岩石偏酸性,与碰撞构造环境形成的花岗岩特征类似。Al2O3含量较高,平均为12.83%,A/CNK平均为1.05,呈轻微铝过饱和。岩石总体上相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素。稀土元素总量较高,平均为202.12×10^-6,（La/Yb）N=6.32-19.57 1,（La/Sm）N=3.54-4.88 1,为轻稀土富集型。δEu=0.29~0.5,为明显的铕负异常。经多种相关图解判别,岩石属S型花岗岩,其构造环境相当于碰撞挤压环境花岗岩类。锆石颗粒U-Pb测年结果显示,源岩的岩浆成因锆石形成年龄为1058 Ma,相当于中元古代。本文指出该岩体为南天山地块与中天山地块碰撞后期长城系变质岩部分熔融的产物,是Rodinia超大陆的形成在该区的反映。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Intrusive Rocks, Southeastern Mindanao, Philippines: Implication to Metallogenesis of Porphyry Copper-gold Deposits

This paper describes petrologic and geochemical characteristics of intrusive rocks associated with porphyry copper deposits in south-eastern Mindanao, the Philippines, where the Kingking deposit is located. Intrusive rocks at the Kingking deposit, are classified into biotite-bearing diorite porphyry, hornblende diorite porphyry and diorite porphyry. Intrusive rocks in other areas in south-eastern Mindanao, including Batoto, Bukal, Maragusan, Masara, Amacan and Sumlog, are hornblende diorite porphyry and hornblende quartz diorite. They are adakitic in Sr/Y-Y diagram, but not in La/Yb-Yb diagram due to relatively low REE contents. The magmas are oxidizing as suggested by the high X_Mg of mafic silicate phenocrysts and SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite. An Oligocene-Miocene diorite intrusive complex formed by calc-alkaline, hydrous, oxidizing magma is considered to be associated with porphyry-type copper-gold mineralization.     

辽西彰武大四家子地区中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

通过对辽西彰武县以东大四家子乡高城窝堡村义县组标准剖面中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明, 其火山岩年龄为122.4±0.4Ma, 属早白垩世.对该区域23件典型火山岩样品的地球化学研究表明, 除3件流纹岩样品外, 其余样品具有高镁埃达克岩地球化学特征(SiO₂=56.46%~65.14%、Al₂O₃=14.60%~17.19%、Mg#=50~59、Sr=501~700μg/g、Yb=1.04~1.54μg/g、Y=12.0~17.5μg/g、Eu/Eu*=0.85~0.97、Sr/Y=29~46、La_N/Yb_N=13~28), 同位素上具有高的初始87Sr/86Sr(0.705464~0.705812)比值, 低的ε_Nd(122Ma)(-6.12~-12.80)值特征, 同时样品中存在具有反环带的辉石斑晶, 辉石中稀土元素含量分布存在着从核部到边部逐渐降低的趋势, 且存在负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.64~0.76).结合前人对彰武义县组下部火山岩的研究, 笔者倾向认为该套火山岩的成因是拆沉作用与岩浆混合作用共同作用的结果, 即拆沉作用导致软流圈地幔物质上涌加热下地壳形成的长英质岩浆, 与来自地幔由拆沉作用形成的埃达克质高镁安山岩浆混合形成.