南海西沙海槽地区的海底热流测量

为了解南海西沙海槽区的地热特征,利用Ewing型地热探针在该区开展了地热测量,并利用TK04热导率仪测量了相关站位表层沉积物样品的热导率,获得了7个站位的热流数据。结果表明,研究区7个站位的热导率变化范围为0.88~1.06 W/m.K,平均为0.96 W/m.K,地温梯度变化范围为85~120℃/km,热流值变化范围为83~112 mW/m2,平均达到95 mW/m2。分析表明测量结果与20世纪80年代中美合作在西沙海槽的地热测量结果一致性较好,说明研究区仍具有高热流特征,推测高热流特征可能与本区高热背景、莫霍面埋深较浅、断裂发育、晚期岩浆活动和基底起伏等有关。     

北极海冰减少的气候效应研究

本文采用了OSU两层大气环流模式对特定的北极海冰进行数值模拟,研究北极海冰减少的气候效应.试验中海温一律取为气候平均值,北极海冰作为外强迫源影响大气,大气响应完全是环流内部调整的结果.本文对北极海冰减少后的大气环流特征进行了分析,特别是与中国的气温和降水之间的关系.     

南海现代沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子组合特征及其指示意义

利用1998年6~9月南海海洋环境调查及1987年SO-50中德联合调查中所取得的资料,对南海沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子组合特征进行分析和研究,并将南海与渤海、黄海、东海现代沉积过程中的正构烷烃碳分子组合特征进行对比,结果表明:(1)南海北部沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子分布范围为nC15~nC33,双峰群,居前的低碳数主峰碳为nC19~nC22,居后的高碳数主峰碳为nC27,nC24以后奇碳的优势明显,OEP为2.13,nC23-/nC24 值平均为1.53,沉积物中陆源输入居多;南海南部沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子分布范围为nC15~nC33,呈双峰群,居前的低碳数峰群以nC19~nC23为主峰碳,居后的高碳数峰群以nC27或nC29为主峰碳,OEP为1.58,nC23-/nC24 值平均为2.15,沉积物中海洋生物来源居多。南海沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子为海洋和陆源两种有机质来源。(2)南海南部处于典型热带海洋环境,生物生产力较高,大量硅质、钙质生物在海域繁殖,生物效应降低了陆源物质的丰度。物源效应和生物效应的差异是南海南、北部现代沉积物的碳分子组合分布变化的主要原因。(3)南海现代沉积物各站位沉积物中正构烷烃的P r/Ph值基本小于1,说明沉积物沉积时为缺氧还原的沉积环境,但局部海域沉积环境具有较强的氧化性,沉积物在沉积过程中一定程度上受到涌升的南极底层水的影响。(4)南海与东海、黄海、渤海不同海域沉积物中正构烷烃碳分子组合特征对比可知,各海域沉积物均显示出物源效应。     

Mach Effect of Oblique Nonlinear Irregular Waves Interacting with Vertical Walls

Based on Hong‘s theory, previous random models, and a generalized expression suitable for FIT calculation, the interaction between irregular waves and vertical walls is numerically simulated. The results of simulation demonstrate that the wave energy changes with the incidence angle and the distance from the wall. Particularly, the Mach effect and the combined wave spectrum characteristics are analyzed in detail, which are significant in both theory and practice.     

Artificial Upwelling of Deep Seawater Using the Perpetual Salt Fountain for Cultivation of Ocean Desert

Deep seawater in the ocean contains a great deal of nutrients. Stommel et al. have proposed the notion of a “perpetual salt fountain” (Stommel et al., 1956). They noted the possibility of a permanent upwelling of deep seawater with no additional external energy source. If we can cause deep seawater to upwell extensively, we can achieve an ocean farm. We have succeeded in measuring the upwelling velocity by an experiment in the Mariana Trench area using a special measurement system. A 0.3 m diameter, 280 m long soft pipe made of PVC sheet was used in the experiment. The measured data, a verification experiment, and numerical simulation results, gave an estimate of upwelling velocity of 212 m/day. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

钱塘江河口风暴潮经验预报

钱塘江河口的风暴潮预报工作可归结为澉浦或乍浦两个单站的预报,这使得经验预报成为可能。利用一种动力线性模型将动力学的线性问题转化为统计学的线性回归模型,通过合理选取预报量及预报因子,并采用正交筛选技术确定每个预报因子所对应的系数,建立经验预报方程。后报结果表明该方法可取得较好的效果。     

前苏联七十年海冰研究回顾

本文简要介绍了前苏联近七十年来海冰研究的主要成果及其采用的一些预报方法。     

Wave runup on a concentric twin perforated circular cylinder

The regular wave interaction with a twin concentric porous circular cylinder system consisting of an inner impermeable cylinder and an outer perforated cylinder was studied through physical model and numerical model studies. The experiments were carried out on the twin concentric cylinder model in a wave flume to study the wave runup and rundown at the leading and trailing edges of the perforated cylinder. It was found that the maximum wave runup on the perforated cylinder is almost same as the incident wave height. The experimental results were used to develop the predictive formulae for the wave runup and rundown on the perforated cylinder, which can be easily used for design applications. The wave runup profiles around the perforated cylinder for different values of ka and porosities were studied numerically using Green's Identity Method. The results of the numerical study are presented and compared with the experimental measurements.     

热带西太平洋海-气热量交换特征分析

本文采用1985年12月12日至1986年2月8日“向阳红14”号调查船在太平洋调查所获海洋水文气象资料,计算了四种热交换量。结果表明:海-气热输送与天气系统和海洋水文条件关系密切。冬季,在各种天气系统条件下西太平洋及中太平洋的大气主要是从海洋得到热量,其中以黑潮流经的海域最为明显,而热交换的方式主要是海洋以潜热的形式把热量输送给大气。     

港口爆破施工的主要环境影响及评价方法

通过对常见的三种港口爆破施工方法——炸礁、爆破挤淤以及开山填海等的介绍,分析炸礁、爆破挤淤以及开山填海主要环境影响,并提出对三种施工方法环境影响的预测评价的方法。