航空重力测量数据向下延拓中空间协方差函数特性研究

本文通过对航空重力测量数据的分析,建立起具有空间相关特性的空间协方差函数模型。利用所建立的模型,将航空重力测量试验数据采用最小二乘配置的方法向下延拓到地面,与地面已知重力数据进行比较。由比较结果,分析了空间协方差函数模型对航空重力测量数据向下延拓结果的影响,并表明所建立的空间协方差函数模型,满足协方差函数特性,且在局部区域使用能够达到满意的精度要求。     

淮河流域5～6月降水的年际及年代际变化

对淮河流域降水异常进行分析对于预测黄海绿潮具有重要意义。选取淮河流域10个站,长江流域15个站,通过对国家气象信息中心1951~2011年的逐月降水数据进行分析,研究淮河流域和长江流域5~6月平均降水异常。2000~2010年,淮河流域5~6月降水呈现增加趋势,与长江流域降水呈反位相变化。分别对淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与印度洋偶极子指数(Dipole Mode Index,DMI),以及太平洋年代际振荡(the Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)指数做相关性分析,结果表明:淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与6个月前的DMI指数达到最大正相关,与20个月前的北太平洋(20°N以北)SST呈现明显的负相关,与PDO指数达到最大负相关。这表明,PDO、DMI指数对淮河流域5~6月降水异常的年代际、年际变化具有明显的指示作用。     

卫星重力梯度测量数据的粗差探测

分别讨论了阈值法、Dixon检验法和小波算法应用于卫星重力梯度数据粗差探测的效果。为了克服这3种单一粗差探测方法的不足,提出了卫星重力梯度数据的粗差探测组合方案,即联合Dixon检验和小波算法,以及联合Dixon检验、阈值法和小波算法的组合方案。模拟结果表明,两种组合方案均能有效改善粗差探测的效果。     

绝对重力仪对日本海域6.0级地震的精确纪录

FG5绝对重力仪在上海佘山基准站观测前后发生了日本海域6.0级地震。数据处理分析表明,地震在该基准站引起的绝对重力值变化约为-16微伽,这对地震进行预报以及对地震造成的危害性进行评估有着积极意义。     

计算转换参数提高手持式GPS接收机定位精度的方法与探讨

通过在矿区施测的静态GPS控制测量,根据实际不同的坐标系工程用图需要,在矿区内均匀选择三个以上公共点的两套坐标,探讨对手持式GPS接收机求取其转换参数的方法,采用五参数转换法,求出转换参数,然后在手持GPS接受机上设置五参数来提高定位精度.     

中国畜禽养殖的空间分析及分区研究(英文)

The capacity of livestock breeding in China has increased rapidly since 1949, and the total output of meat, poultry and eggs maintains the world’s top first in recent 20 years. Livestock emissions and pollution is closely associated with its population and spatial distribution. This paper aims to investigate the spatial patterns of livestock and poultry breeding in China. Using statistical yearbook and agricultural survey in 2007, the county-level populations of livestock and poultry are estimated as equivalent standardized pig index (ESP), per cultivated land pig index (PCLP) and per capita pig index (PCP). With the help of spatial data analysis (ESDA) tools in Geoda and ArcGIS software, especially the Moran’s I and LISA statistics, the nationwide global and local clustering trends of the three indicators are examined respectively. The Moran’s I and LISA analysis shows that ESP and PCP are significantly clustering both globally and locally. However, PCLP is clustering locally but not significant globally. Furthermore, the thematic map series (TMS) and related gravity centers curve (GCC) are introduced to explore the spatial patterns of livestock and poultry in China. The indicators are classified into 16 levels, and the GCCs for the three indicators from level 1 to 16 are discussed in detail. For districting purpose, each interval between gravity centers of near levels for all the three indicators is calculated, and the districting types of each indicator are obtained by merging adjacent levels. The districting analysis for the three indicators shows that there exists a potential uniform districting scheme for China’s livestock and poultry breeding. As a result, the China’s livestock and poultry breeding would be classified into eight types: extremely sparse region, sparse region, relatively sparse region, normally sparse region, normal region, relatively concentrated region, concentrated region and highly concentrated region. It is also found that there exists a clear demarcation line between the concentrated and the sparse regions. The line starts from the county boundary between Xin Barag Left Banner and Xin Barag Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the west coast of Dongfang County, Hainan Province.     

基于重心模型的环境污染和治理投资偏离分析

利用重心的概念和模型,采用2000-2009年各省工业废水、工业废气和工业固体废弃物的排放量和污染治理投资额等数据,计算出各自的重心和重心演变路径．从移动方向、移动距离和相互关系3个方面分析环境污染重心和治理投资重心各自的动态变化和空间演变轨迹,结果显示：2000-2009年,工业废水、废气和固体废弃物污染重心从移动方向来看总体向西部偏移,而且移动距离有快速西移的趋势,表明当前西部地区在环境污染方面有加重的趋势．另外,环境污染重心和投资治理重心之间存在偏离,例如,工业废水排放重心偏北,而工业废水治理投资重心偏南,并且与工业废水重心相比,工业废气和工业固体废弃物排放重心和治理投资重心偏离度要小．     

Absolute gravity values in Norway

Absolute gravity observations yield insight into geophysical phenomena such as postglacial rebound, change in the Earth's hydrological cycle, sea level change, and changes in the Earth's cryosphere. In the article, the first gravity values at 16 Norwegian stations measured by a modern absolute gravimeter of the FG5 type are presented. The gravity observations were corrected for Earth tides, varying atmospheric pressure, polar motion, and ocean tide loading. The ocean tide loading corrections were subject to special attention. A model based on locally observed ocean tides was applied at some of the stations. The authors estimated the total uncertainties of the gravity values to range from 3 to 4 µgal (1 µgal = 10^?8 m s^?2). These errors are of magnitude one order less than previously presented absolute gravity values from Norway. The final gravity values are time tagged and will change due to postglacial rebound. The maximum effect is expected to be approximately ?1 µgal yr^?1.     

基于铁路客运网络的省际可达性及经济联系格局

基于铁路客运交通网络把各省会城市抽象为铁路网络中的节点,以2003和2008年省会城市间铁路客运网络的最短旅行时间为度量指标,对我国铁路客运网络的空间可达性及空间格局进行分析,测算各省区间的省际经济联系强度,进而探讨省际间经济联系的空间指向。研究表明:(1)经过第五、六次铁路客运提速,省际可达性获得了显著提升,尤其西部地区提升幅度更大,省际可达性表现出自东部沿海向西北内陆逐渐降低的圈层式空间格局,高于全国平均水平的地区范围在扩展,干线指向性越来越强;(2)各省区对外经济联系总量地域差异突出,东部地带省区的经济联系总量远高于中西部地带省区;(3)地区间经济联系依托京沪、京广以及京哈等主要铁路干线形成了省际联系的主导轴线,并且随着地区经济的发展和铁路网络的大幅度提速,地区经济联系的空间网络格局逐步形成。     

2009年“莫拉克”台风登陆过程阵风特征分析

利用上海台风研究所移动观测车获取的“莫拉克”台风登陆过程中超声风、温等观测资料对地面阵风特性进行了诊断分析.结果表明,在风速时间序列中叠加有周期为3-7 min的阵风扰动,显现出明显的相干结构,即沿顺风方向阵风风速峰期有下沉运动,谷期有上升运动;阵风扰动的各向异性特征明显,沿顺风方向的阵风扰动能量最大,其次是沿侧向和垂直方向的扰动能量;沿顺风方向的阵风垂直动量通量向下传播,而沿侧风方向阵风扰动动量垂直通量总体贡献接近于0.阵风扰动沿顺风方向的积分空间尺度和时间尺度最大,沿侧风方向和垂直方向其次,均明显大于湍流的积分空间和时间尺度.此外,阵风扰动的其他特征还包括:感热垂直通量极小;当平均风速较大时阵风风向变化幅度较小,而风速较小时阵风风向变化幅度则较大;动力学分析表明,阵风扰动主要表现出重力内波的一些特性.