新疆富蕴县苏普特一带片麻岩地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb SHRIMP定年

苏普特片麻岩为含堇青石、矽线石及红柱石等变质矿物的眼球状、条纹条带状黑云斜长片麻岩、黑云二长片麻岩、二云母片麻岩等。其SiO2含量为63.12%~68.34%,Al2O3为13.64%~15.91%,TiO2为0.538%~0.772%,TFe2O3为6%左右,MgO含量较高,多数样品为3%左右。根据其岩石化学特征判断,原岩为泥质岩、砂岩等沉积岩。苏普特片麻岩稀土元素含量较高,ΣREE为155.21×10-6~271.93×10-6,轻稀土元素富集,具中等程度的负Eu异常;在以北美页岩(NASC)标准化的稀土配分型式图上具有较平缓的配分曲线,无明显的Ce、Eu异常。依据地球化学特征,推断其原岩的形成环境为活动大陆边缘。苏普特片麻岩中锆石具有岩浆锆石特征,其U-Pb SHRIMP年龄为282 Ma,可能代表了早二叠世的一次构造-岩浆-混合岩化事件。     

武夷山成矿带铀成矿规律与找矿方向

武夷山成矿带铀成矿地质条件优越,前人数十年铀矿地质勘查找矿,在带内先后发现了数十个铀矿床和上百个铀矿(化)点带。文章在介绍地质背景和成矿特征基础上,总结了铀成矿规律,提出区内进一步找矿,一方面应对现有矿床、矿化点带开展深边部成矿条件和矿化信息调查,探索深部成矿潜力,加大勘查找矿深度,扩大资源量;另一方面,加强以印支期花岗岩为基底或围岩、深大断裂构造发育和有燕山晚期次火山活动叠加地段的勘查找矿,积极探索新类型,努力开辟新地区。     

Pediment response to drainage basin evolution in south-central Arizona

The Sonoran Desert portion of the Basin and Range physiographic province contains a number of streams that now flow across once-closed basins. We explore here the research questions of if and how granitic rock pediments respond to the transition from rimming endorheic basins to bordering through-flowing streams. Granitic rock pediments of the northern Usery and eastern McDowell Mountains once graded to the closed Miocene–Pliocene Pemberton basin that occupied the present-day location of the confluence of the Salt and Verde Rivers. The process of lake overflow, which integrated these rivers, first aggraded fill terraces that, in turn, caused aggradation of a mantle of transported grus on bedrock pediments. Subsequent episodic incision of the Salt and Verde rivers lowered the base level; this led to the development of erosional features such as rolling topography of a degrading pediment mantle; exposure of the former piedmont angle and its associated zones of enhanced bedrock decay and regolith carbonate; and exposure of spheroidally weathered bedrock and emerging tors, some of which experienced 20^th century erosion. The granitic pediments of the former Pemberton Basin, which now transport grus to the Salt and Verde rivers, have actively adjusted to aggradational and degradational events associated with drainage integration and do not appear to be inherited from an ancient wet climatic interval.     

伊春东风经营所新元古代花岗质片麻岩U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征

张广才岭中段东风经营所一带发现新元古代花岗质片麻岩,岩石具有高硅、富碱和低钙、镁及偏铝质-过铝质特点,稀土元素配分模式中轻稀土元素富集且缓向右倾斜,重稀土元素曲线较为平坦,为具有铕亏损的海鸥型,富集高场强元素Th、Zr、Hf,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta等大离子亲石元素,微量元素特征指示其形成于大陆地壳的部分熔融。锆石LA--ICP MS U--Pb定年结果表明,岩石加权平均年龄为(850.2±2.0)Ma,形成于新元古代。构造环境显示研究区花岗质片麻岩形成于挤压造山环境,为造山期的深熔产物。新元古代花岗质片麻岩的发现,表明研究区之前存在一古老的微陆块。     

福建南平花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿床地质特征与成因

福建南平钽铌矿是亚洲最大的花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿床,也是中国钽铌金属矿的重要产地。南平钽铌矿在构造上位于闽西北隆起带东南缘,矿区内广泛发育有中—新元古界变质岩系。钽铌矿多呈脉体,沿变质岩系的片理或层理侵入,矿脉与围岩的关系清晰。这些脉体是在与加里东期花岗岩有成因联系的4类花岗伟晶岩分异—演化的基础上形成的。矿化伟晶岩中分带和交代蚀变作用均十分发育,稀土元素的矿化与伟晶熔体的结晶分异及后期热液蚀变作用有较密切的关系。稀土元素和磷酸盐矿物含量很多,这在国内外同类型伟晶岩中不常见。同时该地区也是新矿物——南平石的唯一产地。钽铌矿物是矿化伟晶岩中Ta和Nb元素的最主要载体,Ta含量大于Nb,还有其他可综合利用的稀土元素。闽西北地区具有进一步寻找此类型矿化伟晶岩的广阔前景。     

皖赣两省地质公园造景花岗岩的岩石特征、形成时代及景观成因

皖赣两省气候宜人,旅游资源丰富。黄山、三清山、天柱山、九华山、牯牛降等地质公园更是以独特的花岗岩地貌景观闻名于世。通过对地质公园内造景花岗岩进行年代学、岩石学、地球化学等方面的研究,证明上述地质公园内的花岗岩集中形成于135~125 Ma,属于早白垩世强烈岩浆活动的产物。这些花岗岩高硅、富碱、过铝,轻重稀土分馏不明显,Eu强烈亏损,稀土配分曲线呈海鸥型;强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti,形成四个明显的凹槽,具有造山后铝质A型花岗岩的岩石地化特征,属于铝质A型花岗岩或者高分异花岗岩。上述花岗岩主要形成于造山后伸展的构造背景。该构造背景下产出的花岗岩以浅色矿物为主,暗色矿物含量稀少,抗风化蚀变能力更佳;并具有多组密集的原生节理,对花岗岩地貌景观的形成起着极其重要的控制作用。     

吉林省桦甸市隆兴铁矿床深部地质特征

隆兴铁矿赋存于太古宙夹皮沟岩群三道沟岩组和腰抢子片麻岩中。认为矿床成因类型是属于受变质(火山沉积)铁硅建造铁矿。富矿部分则是混合岩化热液作用,使铁发生迁移而富集的。确定三道沟组内的火山铁硅质沉积建造岩层是寻找此类型矿床的地层标志,而地球物理标志是地面磁异常强度在1 000 n T以上的面积性异常即为矿致异常。     

Structural and metamorphic controls on the distribution of zircon in an evolving quartzofeldspathic migmatite: an example from the Reynolds Range, central Australia

Three types of zircon occur in a complexly deformed and variably migmatized quartzofeldspathic gneiss from the Reynolds Range, central Australia. The oldest type is inherited from the granitic precursor of the gneiss, and is overgrown by a second group of zircon grains that formed during prograde, granulite facies metamorphism. Partial melting of the gneiss resulted in solution of both the inherited and metamorphic zircon. No new zircon growth accompanied crystallization of the partial melt, suggesting loss of zirconium–rich residual fluids. Hydrous, amphibolite facies retrogression of the gneiss and its migmatized variants during late shearing produced new, idiomorphic zircon in both the shear zone and its wall rocks.
Important implications of this study are that (i) zircon has a tendency to dissolve if it comes into direct contact with a melt produced from anhydrous biotite breakdown in a quartzofeldspathic granulite, (ii) melt crystallization is not necessarily accompanied by zircon growth, and (iii) euhedral zircon can grow from a hydrous fluid phase under subsolidus, amphibolite facies conditions, e.g. within shear zones.     

胶南-威海造山带与罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆相关问题的初步探讨

胶南-威海造山带中的榴辉岩为晋宁早期板块俯冲作用的产物;沿造山带广泛分布的花岗质片麻岩,则为晋宁晚期板块由俯冲转为碰撞过程中同造山岩浆事件的产物.它们与全球性的格林威尔造山运动属同一事件范畴,但具有明显的穿时性.侵入于同造山花岗质片麻岩的片麻状花岗岩及震旦纪朋河石组,为后造山伸展机制下发生的岩浆及沉积事件的产物,与700～650Ma期间Rodinia超大陆的裂解作用密切相关.     

The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills and geological implication in their formation

The source rock from which the sillimanite gneisses derive mainly was the biotite plagioclase gneiss in the Larsemann Hills. It is the deformation-metamorphism process under special pressure and temperature condition, not the original rock compositions, that controls the presence of sillimanite. To a great degree, the sillimanite gneiss was the mixture of the detaining materials of the migrating felsic melt from the bt-plagioclase gneiss that underwent partial melting and the relics when the melt was removed. In sillimanitization the original rock had been changed substantially in chemical composition. The related metamorphism process severely deviated from the isochemical series, the process was of, therefore, an open system. In addition, the Al2O3 contents of the original rock was an important, but not critical factor for the formation of sillimanite, i.e., the sillimanite-bearing rock need not be of aluminum rich in composition, and vise contrarily, the aluminum rock may not produce sillimanite. The authors of the present paper postulate that the source rock from which the aluminum rich rock derives need not be of aluminum rich, but sillimanitization is generally the Al2O3 increasing process. The aluminum rich sediments such as clay or shale need not correspond directly to sillimanite-rich gneisses. No argillaceous rock present equals to sillimanite-rich gneiss in chemical composition. The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, and their adjacent area may be pelite, shale greywacke, sub-greywacke, quartz sandstone and quartz-tourmalinite. If correct, the conclusion will be of significant implication for the determination of the sillimanite gneiss formation process and the reconstruction of the protolith setting.