Abnormal animal behaviour as a precursor of the 7 December 1988 Spitak,Armenia, earthquake

This paper relates some facts about abnormal animal behaviour prior to several Armenian earthquakes. The catastrophic Spitak, northern Armenia, earthquake of 7 December 1988, M = 7, I ₀ = X, was preceded by extensive occurrences of abnormal animal behaviour. Proof was established by questioning residents in the area and by distributing specially prepared questionnaires shortly after the event. Approximately 200 reports from 50 sites were examined. The raw data recorded included lists of different types and locations of species that have shown abnormal responses to an impending earthquake, distribution of anomalous occurrences over the area, and precursor times. It is concluded that specially conducted observations of animal behaviour as a possible premonitory phenomenon is both useful and necessary.     

动物的习性及环境影响

我们连续观测了虎皮鹦鹉、小白鼠和鲫鱼等动物的习性及季节、气象和饲养环境等的影响.结果表明,不同种类的动物具有各自的昼夜活动节律,并与季节、气象等变化密切有关.这为进一步分析动物的习性异常与地震的关系提供了依据.     

吉林省土壤动物组成与生态分布的初步研究

1989年6—8月,作者对吉林省九种景观类型的土壤动物进行了调查,共获土壤动物111类、22653只,分隶于6门、13纲、23目、72科。从总体上看,土壤动物类群数和个体数是森林环境高,而草原、沙地环境低。通过聚类分析,将大型土壤动物归为五类,中小型土壤动物归为四类。土壤动物的类群数和个体数随土壤深度的增加而递减。本文还探讨了五种主要土壤动物的分布特点。     

西藏定结县草地资源与畜牧业可持续发展

畜牧业生产是西藏定结县的支柱产业之一，但由于人类的不合理利用导致该区草地资源出现面积配置与时间利用上的不平衡；割草、放牧兼用草地发展滞后；草畜矛盾突出，草地退化严重以及畜群结构不合理，品种退化，草地利用效率低等问题。为实现该县草地资源的合理有效利用和高原山区畜牧业生产的可持续发展，达到促进全县农村经济发展、调整农村产业结构、提高农牧民经济收入和生活水平的目的，本文提出以下对策措施：①发展人工草地，提高草地抗灾保畜能力；②改良牲畜，提高牲畜质量，发展“效益型畜牧业”；走畜草平衡、以草定畜的道路；④推广饲草加工，实行舍饲养百；加强草原管理，合理利用草地资源。     

显微CT的研究及应用的初步评述

近五年来在国内外显微CT的研究和应用，得到了很大的发展；微观病理显微诊断的空间分辨为微米数量级。目前医学CT影像的空间分辨率已达到0.35mm，已能满足宏观病理学诊断的要求。如何医学CT的空间分辨率再提高到微米水平，即可清晰显示细胞和组织的微细结构，从而满足现代医学临床病理诊断金标准的要求。目前工业CT（ICT）的空间分辨率已达到5－20微米，从而为提高医学CT的空间分辨率提供技术依据。本文引述用工业微焦点CT机首次对小动物组织进行显微成像的结果：提出应用微焦点X线源，以及采用钨酸镉集成电路CCD检测技术，进一步缩小检测元器件探头的尺寸和增加检测器探头的数目，可以提高医学CT的空间分辨率；应用电子束快速扫描技术，可以提高医学CT的时间分辨率，达到动态的水平；应用双能X线束扫描技术，可以进一步提高密度分辨率，如果未来医学CT的空间分辨率达到微米级（显微CT），时间分辨率达到毫秒级（动态CT），密度分辨率能观察到神经细胞有兴奋时，胞内钙离子浓度的瞬态上升1000倍，即成为显微动态和功能CT，就可以观测人脑神经元在不同功能状态下的动态兴奋和时空编码过程，对进一步研究人脑的记忆和思维认知过程有重要意义。     

Decline and re-emergence of nomadism: Tibetan pastoralists revive a nomadic way of life and production

Numerous examples worldwide demonstrate the displacement of a nomadic way of life and economy, with common features in the diverse regional contexts shown. Sometimes the pastoralists can respond with other forms of mobile herding, as for instance the current reindeer husbandry in northern Fenno-Scandia or Lapland suggests. An extensive form of herding management has succeeded an intensive one; nowadays the reindeer roam freely nearly all year round, and the reindeer owners live sedentary. Modern technologies support the animal husbandry. However, a decline in nomadism can also be followed by a revival. Records exist about re-emergence from, among others, the Mongolian Republic and the Tibetan plateau. The nomadic lifestyle of Tibetans was displaced, as in the other pastoral regions of China, for two decades. Its re-emergence in one region of the eastern Tibetan plateau in the early 1990s is analysed in this paper. Among the framework conditions which promoted the revival was the return of the livestock as family property. Some revived features of nomadism are identical to the pre-Collectivisation period. Other features were adapted to changed contexts. The revival had further a different impact on those groups which rely exclusively on animal husbandry and those which combine livestock breeding with field cultivation. However, the re-emerged nomadism is already disappearing again. In order to put the issues of mobile animal husbandry into a larger context, some comparative aspects of recent mobile animal husbandry in the pastoral regions of Sichuan province and Lapland are discussed.     

前庭系统功能与震前动物行为异常

震前重力异常与震前声发射所需的地球物理条件相同,大体是伴生现象。所有的生物(从植物到人类)都能测知重力,但都离不开钙。重力改变相当于动物居处发生了高程变更。震前重力异常与动物异常在时空上有相关性。前庭系统受重力作用后可引起行为模式的改变。这启示我们;①地声监测与重力监测台网应并设;②研制整合的重力—地声监测地震仪;③研究、开发钙在重力仪中的功用和部件;④加强动物失重研究;⑤震前动物骚动的原因可能主要是重力异常和声发射,响应者是位听系统。     

云南东部江川生物群中的香肠状疑难化石——Tawuia化石属性的新解释

云南东部伊迪卡拉（震旦）系顶部灯影组旧城段的江川生物群是华南又一大类丰富且多样化的宏体化石群,其以碳质压膜的方式保存。在该生物群中,我们发现大量香肠状碳质压膜的宏体化石,与成冰(南华）纪全球大冰期之前中、新元古代地层中广泛分布的Tawuia碳膜化石的大小、形态非常相似。其最大宽度达4. 5 mm,最大长度可达4 cm,长宽比均>2,膜面光滑,未见其他稳定纹饰,有的化石标本边缘碳质保存较多,可见深黑色边缘环带。但部分化石保存的形态与常见的直棒状I形、U形、C形Tawuia化石相比却较为特殊,呈现直角L形、8字形、宽U形、环状O形等多种保存形态,个别标本弯折部位可见明显的碳质增厚和横脊纹残留,边缘残存有大小不一的刺状突起构造。这类特异形态保存的似Tawuia化石显然不能解释为以往较为公认的浮游型叶状体藻类,而可能与冰期前的新元古代早期鲁西、淮南宏体化石群中的疑似蠕形动物亲缘的化石有传承关系。上述新发现的化石形态表明：似Tawuia的碳膜宏体化石可能是多源属性的早期多细胞生物。其中短带至长带状叶状体,可见短柄突起及疑似固着器构造的化石可确认为底栖宏体藻类;多数的叶状体推测为香肠状或长囊状,生活史中包含远洋浮游的类型,可能归属于原始不分枝的多核体藻类或早期分化出的中空囊状的多细胞藻类;本文展示的部分规则变形的似Tawuia化石,更可能是两侧对称动物亲缘的,生活于近海的底栖生物体发生主动扭曲后,被特异埋藏所呈现出的特殊保存形态,而随机浮游或表栖的多细胞藻类死亡沉积时不会形成类似形态的化石。