电气石硼肥制作技术的试验研究

硼元素是农作物生长所需的七种微量元素之一。目前给土壤补充硼元素的主要方式是施硼肥(来自硼砂矿),随着硼砂矿资源的日益减少,寻找硼替代资源日渐紧迫。笔者认为,电气石是可替代硼砂的主要矿物之一。利用电气石中硼的关键是将电气石中的硼变为可溶性硼。实验表明,高温焙烧法对电气石中硼的溶出非常有限,而用添加HF等助剂的化学法将电气石中的硼活化溶出的方法,效果较好。因此,可通过化学法先将电气石中的硼元素溶出,然后再加入部分电气石及辅料来制作电气石硼肥。     

吉林省西部土壤养分状况与施肥对策

本文分析、对比了吉林省西部地区土壤养分的变化状况,指出了当前施肥中存在的主要问题.根据该地区的实际情况,提出了改善土壤肥力,使其能够可持续利用的科学施肥对策.     

Use of slow-release fertilizer and biopolymers for stimulating hydrocarbon biodegradation in oil-contaminated beach sediments

Nutrient concentration and hydrocarbon bioavailability are key factors affecting biodegradation rates of oil in contaminated beach sediments. The effect of a slow-release fertilizer, Osmocote, as well as two biopolymers, chitin and chitosan, on the bioremediation of oil-spiked beach sediments was investigated using an open irrigation system over a 56-day period under laboratory conditions. Osmocote was effective in sustaining a high level of nutrients in leached sediments, as well as elevated levels of microbial activity and rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation. Chitin was more biodegradable than chitosan and gradually released nitrogen into the sediment. The addition of chitin or chitosan to the Osmocote amended sediments enhanced biodegradation rates of the alkanes relative to the presence of Osmocote alone, where chitosan was more effective than chitin due to its greater oil sorption capacity. Furthermore, chitosan significantly enhanced the biodegradation rates of all target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Zero Growth of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Use:China’s Objectives,Progress and Challenges

In 2015 China’s Ministry of Agriculture introduced two Actions that seek to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides by 2020. Success in reaching these targets will help control agricultural non-point source pollution, increase cost efficiency, energy conservation and emission reductions, help to ensure the safety and quality of the national grain supply and agricultural products and the safety of the ecological environment, and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. However, successful implementation will be crucial. This article considers the main contents of the Actions and analyzes their feasibility from the perspectives of policy formulation, local practices, technical support and achievements. We identify problems and challenges and suggest that zero growth of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use can be achieved by undertaking basic research on the factors that shape the use of farm chemicals, making improvements to the monitoring and statistical system for chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, setting up demonstration projects and enhancing policies formulated to reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.     

Effect of slow-release iron fertilizer on iron-deficiency chlorosis,yield and quality of Lilium davidii var.unicolor in a two-year field experiment

Iron deficiency chlorosis of Lilium davidii var. unicolor is often the case in practice in alkaline soils of northwest region of China. It is difficult to control iron chlorosis because of high cost and short effective work time of conventional iron fertilizers. In this study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two slow-release fertilizers on the suppression of iron deficiency chlorosis, soil chemical properties, and the yield and quality of L. davidii var. unicolor. Results show that both coated slow-release iron fertilizers and embedded slow-release iron fertilizer effectively controlled iron-deficiency chlorosis. The application of slow-release iron fertilizers significantly increased plant height and chlorophyll content of L. davidii var. unicolor at different growth stages. Furthermore, coated iron fertilizer application significantly increased starch, protein, soluble sugar and vitamin C content of L. davidii var. unicolor, and it also significantly improved total amino acid content, with increases in essential amino acids(Trp, Leu, Lys, Phe, Val, and Thr contents) and in nonessential amino acids(Asp, Glu, Cit, Ihs, Acc, Ala, Pro, and Cys contents). It was concluded that application of coated slow-release iron fertilizer could be a promising option for suppression of iron deficiency chlorosis and deserves further study.     

An efficient cost-sharing program to reduce nonpoint-source contamination: theory and an application to groundwater contamination

This research evaluates the economics of cost-sharing improved irrigation technologies to reduce agricultural, nonpoint-source contamination. Irrigation and fertilization inefficiencies are modeled within a nonjoint production process to evaluate both private and public costs of technology adoption and its effect on groundwater nitrate-contamination levels. A central Nebraska application indicates that even without a current government subsidy, a farmer is economically better off switching from gravity-flow to surge-flow irrigation rather than a center-pivot system. An annual government subsidy of $22.50 (US$) per hectare per year is required over the life of a center-pivot system to make the farmer financially indifferent. However, cost-sharing center-pivot adoption improves the groundwater contamination level, while other irrigation systems result in continued deterioration of groundwater quality. Received: 3 November 1998 · Accepted: 15 February 1999     

泥炭新产品-泥炭多元稀土颗粒复混肥开发试验研究

本文在概括介绍泥炭最新用途的基础上,重点阐述泥炭多元稀土颗粒复混肥开发试验的研究成果。具体包括泥炭原料的物化工艺性能评价和泥炭多元稀土颗粒复混肥的原料选取、配方设计及加工流程、农作物小区对比试验等。生产泥炭多元稀土颗粒复混肥的技术与流程可以概括为：将泥炭低温（〈７０℃）烘干１０ｈ,在碎机上碎至１００筛目。按比例用碳铵对普钙进行铵化处理,再按配方加入其他原料,搅拌均匀后,此时即制成掺合型泥炭多元稀土     

干旱沙漠地区春小麦的水分与氮肥利用效率研究

在沙坡头试验站养分循环池进行的水肥正交试验中, 研究了不同水肥条件对小麦生长和产量形成的影响及其水肥利用效率。试验结果表明, 在设计水肥条件下, 肥料因素对小麦生长和产量形成的影响大于水分因素; 中高水肥条件下, 水肥协调有利于小麦生长和获得高产。灌浆期植株上部有效叶面积的大小和维持时间与经济产量的形成有很显著的正线性相关。该地区小麦水分利用效率较高的适宜土壤水分范围在田间持水量的40%左右, 适宜的肥料(N肥)经济施用量为300kg·hm^-2左右, 目标产量为7.0t·hm^-2。     

新疆农田投入化肥时空变化及趋势分析

通过研究相关统计资料对新疆农田化肥投入在时间和空间上的变化进行了分析。结果表明：1980年以来新疆农田投入化肥分为稳步上升、快速增长和徘徊波动三个阶段。新疆农田投入化肥在空间上的变化为：地区间分布不平衡,南疆与北疆、棉区与粮区、兵团与地方之间差异明显。在此基础上对未来新疆化肥资源的施用趋势进行了讨论。