低硫化型与高硫化型浅成低温热液金矿中蚀变特征与成矿关系的对比研究

文章对浅成低温热液金矿床特征产物、蚀变分带、蚀变类型演化的成因及蚀变形成的主控因素进行了总结。与矿质沉淀在同一机制下形成的特征岩相和蚀变保存了成矿过程的重要信息,是有效勘查标志。低硫化型中热液爆破角砾岩、刃片状方解石/石英、细粒梳状石英及具快速冷却无序结构冰长石,是沸腾作用的产物,而沸腾同时控制金沉淀;高硫化型中蚀变以孔洞状石英、硫酸盐及粘土化等酸性淋滤产物为特征,流体酸性性质主要源于岩浆酸性挥发分在液相中的解离及SO2的歧化或氧化反应,孔洞状硅化岩是主要赋金部位,受孔洞或裂隙控制的石英中发生金矿化,它不同于岩浆酸性气水相与大气水为主流体混合形成的酸性淋滤蚀变及浸染状金矿化,而可能是由源于较深部岩浆单相流体（直接从熔体中出溶或与卤水相分离出来）浓缩形成的低温液相流体产生的。由绢英岩化到中级泥化的连续分带蚀变,有利于低硫化型金成矿;而由高级泥化到中级泥化的连续分带蚀变,对高硫化型金成矿有利。流体和围岩的性质、它们的物理化学梯度以及水岩比是控制热液蚀变最主要因素。初始流体酸碱成分对于形成的蚀变矿物组合具有决定性作用。低硫化型金成矿流体受地热系统驱动,初始富钾低酸性物质在低水岩比条件下形成以岩石缓冲为主的中碱性矿物组合;位于浅部岩浆-热液系统中或较深部岩浆气水,经过收缩或吸收大气水而形成高硫化型成矿流体,初始高酸性贫钾物质在高水岩比条件下形成流体主导的中酸性矿物组合。     

新西兰科罗曼德尔半岛金（铜）矿床地质特征、成因及找矿意义

新西兰科罗曼德尔半岛火山岩带是世界知名的浅成低温热液型金矿成矿省,也是新西兰最为重要的金银矿矿集区,在环太平洋成矿带内占有重要的地位。科罗曼德尔半岛浅成低温热液型金矿主要赋存于科罗曼德尔群中新世安山岩和英安岩中,矿化类型主要为石英脉型和角砾岩型2种。矿床的成矿流体特征表现出明显的大气降水特征,并显示有少量的岩浆水加入,成矿物质具岩浆来源特征,为石英±方解石±冰长石±伊利石亚型浅成低温热液型金矿。区内金矿成矿时代为16．3-2．0Ma,主要集中于7．0-6．0Ma之间,金矿的大规模形成与诺特兰德火山弧与科尔维一劳火山弧共同作用有关,区域构造背景由挤压转变为伸展环境的转折期,为金矿形成的高峰期。区内零星出露与浅成低温热液型金矿化有关的斑岩型铜矿化表明,该地区具有较好的斑岩型铜矿化潜力。     

Au–Ag–Te Mineralization of the Low‐Sulfidation Epithermal Aginskoe Deposit,Central Kamchatka,Russia

Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te₂ values ?9 and at log fS₂ ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system.     

Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies at Don Sixto,a Precious Metal Low Sulfidation Deposit in Mendoza Province,Argentina

The Don Sixto mining area in Mendoza province, central‐western Argentina, contains an epithermal low sulfidation Au–Ag deposit. It is a small deposit (～4 km²), with a gold resource of 36 t. In Don Sixto, ore minerals are disseminated in the hydrothermal quartz veins and hydrothermally altered volcanic‐pyroclastic rock units of Permian–Triassic age. On the basis of the texture, ore mineral paragenesis and cross cutting relationship of gangue minerals, seven stages of mineralization were recognized and described. The first six stages are characterized by quartz veins with minor amounts of base metal minerals and the last stage is represented by fluorite veins with minimal quantities of base metal minerals; the precious metal mineralization is mainly related to the fourth stage. The hydrothermal veins exhibit mainly massive, crustiform and comb infilling textures; the presence of bladed quartz replacement textures and quartz veins with adularia crystals are indicative of boiling processes in the system. Fluid inclusion and complementary stable isotope studies were performed in quartz, fluorite, and pyrite samples from the vein systems. The microthermometric data were obtained from primary, biphasic (liquid‐vapor) fluid inclusion assemblages in quartz and fluorite. The maximum values for salinity and homogenization temperature (T_h) came from the stage IV where quartz with petrographic evidence of boiling has average values of 4.96 wt% NaCl_equiv. and 286.9°C respectively. The lower values are related to the last stage of mineralization, where the fluid inclusions in fluorite have average salinities of 1.05 wt% NaCl_equiv. and average homogenization temperatures of 173.1°C. The oxygen and sulfur isotopic fractionation was analyzed in quartz and pyrite. The calculated isotopic fractionation for oxygen in the hydrothermal fluid is in the range of δ¹⁸O_H2O = ?6.92 up to ?3.08‰, which indicates dominance of a meteoric source for the water, while sulfur reaches δ³⁴S_H2S = 1.09‰, which could be reflecting a possible magmatic, or even a mixed source.     

吉林延边五凤、五星山金矿床地球化学特征及其成因

五凤和五星山金矿为延边地区中生代火山岩金、铜成矿带中典型的金矿床.通过岩石化学、成矿元素、流体包裹体和同位素组成等方面的分析,提出五凤和五星山金矿床属于典型的冰长石-绢云母型浅成低温热液型金矿床,其形成是深部火山-热液流体系统与浅成大气流体的混合.成矿构造环境与陆内造山带后期垮塌机制有关,造山带的垮塌与古太平洋板块斜向俯冲导致的大型走滑剪切有密切的成因联系.     

Geology and ages of porphyry and medium- to high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits of the continental margin of Northeast China

The continental margin of Northeast China, an important part of the continental margin-related West Pacific metallogenic belt, hosts numerous types of gold-dominated mineral deposits. Based on ore deposit geology and isotopic dating, we have classified hydrothermal gold–copper ore deposits in this region into four distinct types: (1) gold-rich porphyry copper deposits, (2) gold-rich porphyry-like copper deposits, (3) medium-sulphidation epithermal copper–gold deposits, and (4) high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits. These ore deposits formed during four distinct metallogenic stages or periods, at 123.6 ± 2.5 Ma, 110–104 Ma, 104–102 Ma, and 95.0 ± 2 Ma, corresponding to periods of Cretaceous intermediate–acid volcanism and late-stage emplacement of hypabyssal magmas along the northern margin of the North China platform. The earliest stage of mineralization (123.6 ± 2.5 Ma) corresponds to the formation of medium-sulphidation epithermal copper – gold deposits and was associated with a continental margin magmatic arc system linked to subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia. This metallogenesis is closely related to high-K calc-alkaline intermediate–acid granite and pyroxene – diorite porphyry magmatism. The second and third stages of mineralization in the study area (110–104 Ma and 104–102 Ma, respectively) correspond to the formation of gold-rich porphyry copper, porphyry-like copper, and high-sulphidation gold deposits, with metallogenesis closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism. These magmas formed in a continental margin magmatic arc system related to oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia, as well as mixing of crust-derived remelted granitic and mantle-derived adakitic magmas. During the final stage of mineralization (95.0 ± 2 Ma), metallogenesis was closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism, with diagenesis and metallogenesis related to the disintegration or destruction of the Pacific Plate, which was subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate during the Mesozoic.     

贵州低温热液型汞、锑、金矿床成矿谱系——以晴隆大厂、兴仁紫木凼和铜仁乱岩塘为例

贵州是我国低温热液型汞、锑、金矿的重要产区,但对其成矿时代一直存在不同看法.本次研究采用Sm-Nd同位素等时线法对晴隆大厂锑矿、兴仁紫木凼金矿和铜仁乱岩塘汞矿区的萤石、方解石分别进行了同位素年代学的研究,结果表明晴隆大厂锑矿中的方解石(Sm-Nd等时线年龄为148±13 Ma,钕初始值为0.512256)和萤石(Sm-...     

广东怀集香花矿区地球化学异常特征及金银矿找矿前景浅析

怀集香花矿区1：5万水系沉积物测量和1：1万土壤地球化学测量成果表明,矿区内Au、Ag元素异常强度大、层次结构清晰、异常浓集中心套合好。结合区内地质构造和矿化蚀变特征,综合分析认为矿区内金、银矿的成矿条件有利,找矿前景良好。     

时域激电法单极-偶极装置在广西某金银矿勘查中的应用

文章简述了勘查区广西河池市某金银矿区的地质特征、矿化类型和时域激电单极-偶极布极方式及特点,结合实例说明该装置在确定矿体的形态、产状等空间位置方面有较好的应用效果。