长江中下游抛刀岭大型中硫型浅成低温热液金矿床的厘定及其找矿启示

长江中下游是全球重要的斑岩-矽卡岩铜多金属矿床成矿带之一,近年来识别出一些大型明矾石矿床、中小规模高硫型和低硫型金±银矿床,但是否存在中硫型矿化蚀变系统还不清楚.抛刀岭是近年来在长江中下游成矿带新发现的大型独立金矿床,文章通过岩芯编录、短波红外光谱和矿物成分的研究,厘定该矿床矿体主要产于～140 Ma英安斑岩脉中,成矿...     

新疆哈密红石铜矿区300m中段原生晕地球化学特征及成矿预测

新疆哈密红石铜矿位于东天山大南湖-头苏泉岛弧带北段的卡拉塔格地区,为浅成低温热液脉型铜矿床。在矿床深部300m中段开展1:100原生晕地球化学剖面测量,选择Ag、Cu、Mo、Zn、As、Sb、Hg、Au、Pb、W、Ba、Bi、Sn等13种元素进行测试分析,查明与矿有关的地球化学特征,预测成矿有利地段。研究通过R型因子分析,识别Sb-Hg-As-Au前缘晕指示元素组合、Ag-Cu-Mo-Zn近矿晕指示元素组合、Ba-Bi尾晕指示元素组合,以及Se-Zn-Pb等元素共同代表岩浆期后中高温热液活动阶段,显示出该矿床具有多期、多阶段成矿的特征;依据C.B.格里戈良分带指数原理,建立（Sb×Hg）D/（Ba×Bi）D矿体定量预测指标,并结合矿化-蚀变特征,圈定1处成矿有利重点地段和1处成矿有利一般地段,分别为300m中段25线~19线成矿热液角砾岩筒的深部或周边,以及300m中段13线~7线1、6、9号脉矿（化）带的深部和周边;验证孔ZKY2101揭露了角砾岩筒深部的矿化情况,取得良好效果。     

马来西亚吉兰丹SOKOR金矿地质特征及成因浅析

马来半岛金矿主要分布在半岛中央金矿带北部,该成矿带地处特提斯成矿带与环太平洋成矿带交汇处,成矿条件优越。含矿岩石主要是千枚岩及石英斑岩,矿物以黄铁矿为主,矿体产状与接触带产状基本一致,金矿化类型主要有含金块状硫化物型、含金石英脉型及褐铁矿型3种,品位变化较大。矿床地质特征、矿体产状及矿化蚀变信息表明成矿与热液活动紧密相关,应属于浅成低温热液型金矿。     

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen,Northwest China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast‐trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre‐ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn‐ore quartz‐chalcedony‐polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post‐ore quartz‐calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L‐type with minor V‐type and lack any daughter mineral‐bearing or CO₂‐rich/‐bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240–260°C, 220–250°C, and 150–190°C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9–10.9, 3.2–11.1, and 2.9–11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a low to medium‐temperature, low‐salinity, and low‐density NaCl‐H₂O system. The values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7–2.4‰, and ?1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their values (?104 to ?90‰, ?126 to ?86‰, and ?130 to ?106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ³⁴S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (?3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. ?1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle‐derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.409–18.767, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.600–15.715, ²⁰⁸Pb^/204Pb = 38.173–38.654) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore‐forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.     

Polymetallic Mineralization at the Shin-Ohtoyo Deposit, Harukayama District, Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract: The Shin-Ohtoyo Cu–Au deposit is located in the Harukayama district, 20 km west of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Both acid-type disseminated and adularia–quartz–type vein Au mineralizations have been recognized within a small distance of less than 500 m in the district. Mineralogical characteristics of sulfide ores from the Shin-Ohtoyo deposit have been proved to be polymetallic. Ore minerals containing Sn, V, Bi and Te are recognized. Nine ore types are recognized in terms of characteristic mineral assemblage; (1) chalcedonic quartz veinlets in silicified zone around the deposit, (2) bismuthinite, emplectite, friedrichite and tetrahedrite, (3) an unnamed Cu–Sn–Fe–Zn sulfide, colusite-series minerals, stannoidite, emplectite and tetrahedrite, (4) bournonite, Se-bearing galena and tetrahedrite, (5) luzonite/famatinite and Ag-bearing tetrahedrite, (6) colusite-series minerals, emplectite, aikinite and tetrahedrite/goldfieldite, (7) luzonite/famatinite, colusite-series minerals, mawsonite and tetra–hedrite/goldfieldite, (8) enargite, luzonite/famatinite and tetrahedrite, and (9) colusite-series minerals and tetrahedrite. The first occurrence of friedrichite and stibiocolusite from Japan are reported. The chemical formula of the unnamed phase corresponds to Cu₆(Cu, Fe, Zn)Sn₃S₁₀. Sulfur isotopic ratios (δ³⁴S) of sulfides from the stockpile range from –0. 5% to +1. 9%, and those from drill cores recovered by Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ) vary from –2. 7% to +0. 8%. Sulfur isotopic ratio of barite in a cavity in the silicified tuff breccia collected from the stock pile yields +27. 1%, while that of barite collected from MMAJ core is +21. 7%. Sulfur isotopic thermometry applied for a pair of barite (+21. 7%) and associated pyrite (+1. 8%) indicates about 300°C. High–Te tetrahedrite composition from both the chalcedonic quartz vein in the silicified zone around the Shin-Ohtoyo deposit and the polymetallic sulfide ores from the adit of the deposit, suggests that the Au mineralization in the former is attributed to a hydrothermal system marginal to the polymetallic mineralization.     

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。     

秘鲁中部超大型特罗莫克斑岩-矽卡岩铜钼矿地质特征及区域成矿作用

秘鲁中部莫罗科查地区在板块俯冲引发的中新世构造-岩浆-热液作用下,形成了斑岩型、矽卡岩型、浅成低温热液型等多种铜钼铅锌银多金属矿化.文章选取该地区超大型特罗莫克铜钼矿床为典型矿床实例,通过岩石学、岩相学和年代学系统研究,深入剖析矿床的蚀变类型和矿化地质特征,并结合区域岩浆-热液作用过程,总结其区域成矿特点,以期为该区资源勘查工作提供参考.研究结果表明,作为典型的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,特罗莫克铜钼矿的成矿期花岗闪长岩、长石斑岩、石英斑岩及英安斑岩等多期岩体在9.4～7.3 Ma之间相继侵位,并伴随形成多种蚀变矿化,其中铜钼矿化主要形成于8.0～7.8 Ma.矿区主要发育钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、绿泥石化、黏土化、矽卡岩化、角岩化等典型的斑岩矿床蚀变特征,而矽卡岩中发育透闪石-阳起石、蛇纹石-滑石等多种钙质和镁质矽卡岩矿物.铜钼矿化以浸染状、细脉状、网脉状、块状等形式产出,且矿化自中心向外围,依次具有铜-钼→铅-锌→铅-银的元素分带.结合莫罗科查区域主要发育的3个持续了3.5～0.3 Ma的中新世岩浆热液中心(北侧Codiciada杂岩体、中部Toromocho岩体和西部Ticlio斑岩),以及与之相关的蚀变和矿化特征,笔者认为,围绕岩浆热液中心,区域成矿呈现中心斑岩-矽卡岩型、外围浅成低温热液脉型多金属矿化的分布规律,矿化整体呈现自中心向外围的铜—铜锌—铅锌银规律性分带特征,该类"多中心式"斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统的蚀变-矿化规律应在未来区域矿产勘查工作中引起重视.     

东北地区浅成低温热液矿床的地质特征和构造背景

通过中国东北地区浅戍低温热液矿床的综合特征研究,将矿床的分布划分为德尔布干、呼玛、小兴安岭和吉东4个矿集区,根据其矿床地质、地球化学特征初步确定成矿流体主要来自大气降水,部分混有岩浆水;戍矿物质主要来自赋矿围岩和戍矿岩浆-流体系统;多数矿床形成于中低温、中浅成环境,个别矿床成矿温度高、深度大,显示了斑岩型或造山型与浅成低温溶液型成矿系统之间的连续性;厘定大规模成岩成矿时间为130Ma左右,构造环境是古亚洲洋闭合后陆陆碰撞过程的挤压-伸展转变体制,并以矿集区尺度的CMF模式解释了浅成低温热液矿床岩浆-流体系统的发育机制。     

西天山小于赞金矿成矿流体、成矿年代学特征及其地质意义

小于赞金矿床是产于新疆西天山也列莫顿盆地的浅成低温热液型金矿床,赋存于晚古生代大哈拉军山组火山岩中。矿石类型主要为蚀变岩型和石英脉型,主要发育硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、伊利石化、青磐岩化蚀变。流体成矿过程可分为3个阶段,分别为石英黄铁矿、石英玉髓黄铁矿和石英方解石黄铁矿阶段。小于赞金矿床流体包裹体类型单一,主要为水溶液包裹体,可分为纯液相水溶液包裹体(PL类)、富液相水溶液包裹体(L类)和富气相水溶液包裹体(V类)。石英黄铁矿阶段包裹体均一温度集中于130~190 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.2%~8.0%;石英玉髓黄铁矿阶段均一温度介于115~161 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.7%~3.4%;石英方解石黄铁矿阶段均一温度介于110~138 ℃,盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.2%~3.4%。鉴于赋矿角砾凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(353.8±1.8) Ma,且被下石炭统阿恰勒河组不整合覆盖,故可将小于赞金矿床的成矿时代限定在(353.8±1.8) Ma至早石炭世维宪期。锆石εHf(t)变化范围为+4.1~+8.4,平均值+6.1,两阶段Hf模式年龄tDM2变化范围为822~1 095 Ma,指示该区岩浆演化过程中有少量地幔物质的加入。综合考量矿床地质特征、流体包裹体特征和成矿时代,认为小于赞矿床为早石炭世低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿。     

内蒙古巴彦哈尔金矿床地质特征及成因初探

内蒙古巴彦哈尔金矿床位于华北陆块北缘艾力庙-锡林浩特中间地块西北缘.矿床赋存于中元古代温都尔庙群的绢云石英片岩和绿泥石片岩中.矿床的形成与区内韧性剪切带及华力西期岩浆活动关系密切.矿区内共圈定出5个矿体,总体走向为北西向,矿体呈似层状或透镜状产出,矿石类型包括石英脉型和糜棱蚀变岩型.金矿化与硅化和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变关系密切.结合矿床的矿体地质、矿物成分、矿物嵌布及围岩蚀变特征以及前人包裹体测温结果,认为矿床类型为浅成低温热液型金矿.