Omphacite breakdown reactions and relation to eclogite exhumation rates

Clinopyroxene + plagioclase (±Hbl ± Qtz) symplectites after omphacite are widely cited as evidence for prior eclogite-facies or high-pressure (HP) metamorphism. Precursor omphacite compositions of retrograde eclogites, used for reconstructing retrograde P–T paths, are commonly estimated by reintegrating symplectite phases with the assumption that the symplectite-forming reactions were isochemical. Comparisons of broadbeam symplectite compositions to adjacent unreacted pyroxene from various symplectites after clinopyroxene from the Appalachian Blue Ridge (ABR) and Western Gneiss Region (WGR) suggest that the symplectite forming reactions are largely isochemical. Endmember calculations based on reintegrated symplectite compositions from the ABR and WGR suggest that a minor Ca-Eskola (CaEs) component (X_CaEs = 0.04–0.15) was present in precursor HP clinopyroxene. WGR symplectites consist of fine-grained (∼1 μm-scale), vermicular intergrowths of Pl + Cpx II ± Hbl that occur at grain boundaries or internally. ABR symplectites contain coarser (∼10 μm-scale) planar lamellae and rods of Pl + Cpx II + Qtz + Hbl within clinopyroxene cores. The contrasting textures correlate with decompression and cooling rate, and degree of overstepping of the retrograde reaction (lamellar: slow, erosionally controlled exhumation with slow/low overstepping; fine-grained, grainboundary symplectite: rapid, tectonic exhumation with rapid/high overstepping). Variations in X_CaEs, X_jd, and X_CaTs of precursor HP omphacite are related to the symplectic mineral assemblages that result from decompression. Quartz-normative symplectities indicate quartz-producing retrograde reactions (e.g., breakdown of precursor CaEs); quartz-free symplectities (e.g., diopside + plagioclase after omphacite) indicate quartz-consuming reactions (jd, CaTs breakdown) outpaced quartz-producing reactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Structural geochemistry of gold mineralization in the Linglong-Jiaojia district, Shandong Province, China

The Linglong-Jiaojia district is one of the most important regions containing gold deposits in China. These gold deposits can be divided into: a) the pyrite-gold-quartz vein type (Linglong type), which is controlled by brittle-ductile to ductile deformation structures, and b) the alteration-zone type (Jiaojia type), characterized by small veinlets, or the disseminated type recognized in brittle shear zones. Lode gold deposits in the Jiaojia area occur in NE brittle fracture zones, formed in a dominantly simple shear deformation regime, mainly in thrust attitude with a minor sinistral strike slip component. In the Linglong area, the lode gold deposits are located at the intersection of three types of structures: NNE and NE brittle-ductile fault zones and the ENE ductile reverse shear zone in the south of the area. The structural characteristics of these brittle shear zones are consistent with a tectonic NNW-SSE principal stress field orientation. Similar stresses explain the ENE Qixia fold axes, the Potouqing and several other ENE reverse ductile shear zones elsewhere in the region, the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and its subsidiaries in the vicinity of the Linglong-Jiaojia district, as well as the southern ENE suture zone north of Qingdao. Therefore these structural systems occurred as part of different major tectonic events under NNW-SSE compression principal stress fields in the area. Gold deposits are hosted in smaller-scale structures within the brittle fault zones and brittle-ductile shear zones. Although ore bodies and, on a smaller scale, quartz ore veins often seem to be randomly oriented, it is possible to explain their distribution and orientation in terms of the simple shear deformation process under which they were developed. The progressive simple shear failure is characterized by various fracture modes (tension and shear) that intervene in sequence. The tension and shear fractures are influenced by the stress level (depth of burial beneath the paleosurface) in their structural behavior, show variable dilatancy (void openings) and extend on all scales. By making use of these characteristics, a progressive failure analysis can be applied to predicting the shape and extent of ore bodies as well as the styles of mineralization at any given location.     

Investigation of river network evolution using luminescence dating and heavy mineral analysis of Late-Quaternary fluvial sands from the Great Hungarian Plain

To reconstruct the evolution of Late-Quaternary river network in the southeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain, we have used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and heavy mineral analysis of 25 sand samples from the upper 2–8 m of the fluvial units, complemented by four radiocarbon ages. The estimated OSL depositional ages vary between 10 and 47 ka. The heavy mineral composition of the OSL samples was compared to the compositional data of recent river sediments using cluster analysis. The new OSL and heavy mineral data show that from 47 to 10 ka ago the sediments were transported mainly from the northeast direction into the southeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain by the ancestor of the Tisza river and its northern tributaries, and probably by another large river which also flowed northeast–southwest, parallel to the modern Tisza. Between 23 and 14 ka sediments periodically came from the east and reached the eastern part of our study area. Between 15 and 12 ka ago, sands transported from the southeast also occur in the southeastern and central part of the study area. These data suggest that the modern rivers occupied their present courses only in the last 10 ka.     

Age of glacial and periglacial landforms in northern Hokkaido, Japan, using OSL dating of fine grain quartz

The timing of glacial advances, periglacial phenomena, and the ages of two marker tephras in northern Hokkaido were estimated by OSL dating. It appears that the glacier of Yamunai 2 stage on Rishiri Island expanded between 24 and 15 ka. In northern Hokkaido, OSL ages indicate ice wedge formation during the period 24–18 ka. These results indicate that both the glacial advance and the development of ice wedges were synchronous phenomena relating to the Last Glacial Maximum.     

海原断裂带刺儿沟剖面烘烤次生黄土的光释光测年及其地质意义

选择海原活动断裂带刺儿沟剖面2个烘烤次生黄土样品LEDL0588H和LEDL0365的细颗粒石英,采用改进后的单测片再生法(SAR)和简单多测片再生剂量法(SMAR)进行了一系列实验研究。2个样品细颗粒石英的光释光信号均以快速组分为主,其等效剂量(DE)的预热坪实验表明,在180～260℃的预热温度范围内均能获得基本一致的DE值。SAR法测量不同预热温度下的释光感量变化、剂量恢复实验和LN/TN比值的关系以及SMAR法测量中LN/TN比值与预热温度的关系的研究表明,文中所采用的流程能有效地校正测量过程中释光信号感量变化。2种方法均适用于采自不同层位的2个烘烤样品细颗粒石英的OSL测年,并获得了非常接近的OSL年龄。2个样品最后一次被烘烤的时间可能代表的是同一时期的人类活动     

美姑河断裂活动性研究及对水电工程影响评价

美姑河断裂带穿越拟建的美姑河瓦洛水电站，其展布及活动性直接影响工程建设。通过地貌、第四系、地质构造及地震等野外地质调查和断裂带石英形貌扫描、ESR测年等方法综合研究表明，美姑河断裂带是由3条断层组成的叠瓦断层带，在中更新世（Q2）以来已不具活动性，不属于活动断层，亦不具有诱发地震的能力，因此断裂带活动性对工程建设影响不大。     

新疆东昆仑白干湖钨锡矿田矿化体模型

白干湖钨锡矿田矿床类型属构造导控的高温热液型,矿化体几何形状取决于导控构造及容矿岩石的性质.该矿床容矿岩石有绢云石英片岩、石英透闪石岩、变质辉长岩、蚀变花岗岩等区内所有岩石类型.矿化是以均匀的微细脉浸染为主,矿化岩石与同类型未矿化岩石特征差别无几,矿化期交代作用十分微弱.矿石类型属于微细脉浸染及富细脉型.矿化体模型是在基本了解矿床地质特征,成控规律以及地表主要矿体形态数据基础上拟建的.理论上,矿化体是以导矿构造为骨架的简化板状矿化体,与易矿化岩层贯通所形成的似层状矿化体构成的复合体.这种复合体即使在高精度矿产勘查过程中也不能保证取得相对准确的数据.因此,准确识别矿化体性质十分重要.     

山东纪山金矿矿物标型的空间分布

胶东半岛西北部招掖金矿带内的纪山金矿，3号脉和3号支脉是主要的工业矿体。矿物标型的空间分带：3号脉矿体上部，黄铁矿形态以八面体晶面发育的聚形晶体(Fo)为主，黄铁矿热电动势(Vn)绝对值小于18．5mV，石英中水的相对吸光度(D1)为6．00—4．50，石英中二氟化碳的相对吸光度(D2)为1．05—0．75；矿体下部，黄铁矿以立方体晶面发育的聚形晶体(Fc)为主，Vn绝对值大于18．5mV，D1为4．50—3．00，D2为0．75—0．55。3号支脉矿体上部，黄铁矿形态主要以Fo类聚形晶体为主，Vn绝对值小于21．0mV，D1为4．50—4．00，D2为0．80—0．70；矿体下部，黄铁矿形态主要出现Fc类聚形晶体，Vn绝对值大于21．0mV，D1为4．00—3．00，D2为0．70—0．55。矿物标型特征与矿石金品位相关。     

阿尔金大平沟金矿床成矿时代Rb-Sr定年

首次测定的阿尔金北缘地区大平沟金矿石英包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄(487±21) Ma,初始87Sr/86Sr值0.710 06±0.000 18(2σ),表明成矿作用可能发生在加里东中期,属早奥陶世.矿床成矿年龄与本区加里东期大陆俯冲碰撞事件中岩浆活动、变质作用、构造运动相一致.矿床初始87Sr/86Sr值与矿区西部加里东期花岗岩相同,与矿区东部出露的晚古生代—中生代花岗岩有明显差别,加里东期花岗岩可能是本区金成矿的重要物(热)源,说明加里东期是阿尔金北缘地区重要的成矿阶段;因此,在今后的找矿工作中,应重视阿尔金北缘断裂带早古生代岩体和蛇绿混杂岩带.     

胶东大庄子金矿床地质特征与成因探讨

研究表明大庄子金矿床受NNE走向的层间滑动断层及其伴生张性裂隙的控制 ,分别产出蚀变破碎带型和石英脉型两种类型的矿体。蚀变破碎带型矿体围岩蚀变发育 ,自下而上分为 :钾长石化带 ,黄铁矿化、绢英岩化及黄铁绢英岩化带 ,绢英岩化和碳酸盐化带。矿石中含丰富的黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿等多金属硫化物。金以银金矿为主 ,次为金银矿 ,多被金属硫化物包裹或存在于裂隙中 ,少量以自然金分散其中。黄铁矿中金含量高达 40× 10 - 6 ～ 960× 10 - 6 。综合分析表明 ,该矿床与胶东其他金矿床成矿背景一致 ,形成于陆内俯冲中_晚期的拉张环境。