“5．12”大地震前后汶川县地质灾害发育研究

汶川大地震对地质环境影响很大,由于大地震的影响,其震前震后的地质灾害类型、数量等发生了很大的改变。本文通过搜集前人资料,现场调查,分析了汶川大地震前后汶川县地质灾害的变化。结果表明,地震前汶川县地质灾害类型主要以泥石流为主,地震后,汶川县地质灾害类型主要为崩塌,其次为泥石流和滑坡。地震使汶川县地质灾害数量极大增加,同时,也使得其主要地质灾害类型发生改变。     

Hydrological analysis of extreme rainfall events and severe rainstorms over Uttarakhand,India

ABSTRACT

Following the June 2013 disaster in the Uttarakhand Himalayas, many discussions are ongoing with regard to how climate change is seeking revenge on mankind by endowing us with disasters! The event was mostly linked with the occurrence of an extreme event due to climate change. In view of this, an attempt has been made in this paper to analyse the extreme rainfall events experienced by the Uttarakhand during 1901–2013 using more than 100 stations’ daily rainfall data. The study revealed that during the 113-year period, the highest numbers of extreme events were recorded during the decade 1961–1970, and to some extent in the decade 1981–1990. Thereafter, there is a decrease in extreme rainfall events. The comparative study of extreme events prior to 1901 showed that on 17–18 September 1880, a rainstorm which occurred in close vicinity to Uttarakhand caused serious floods and damage to lives and properties. The extreme rainfall recorded by some stations during this unprecedented rainstorm has not been surpassed to date.     

Understanding interlinkages between long-term trajectory of exposure and vulnerability,path dependency and cascading impacts of disasters in Saint-Martin (Caribbean)

This empirical and interdisciplinary study investigates the contribution of deeply enrooted social-political factors to the accumulation of exposure and vulnerability and amplification of cascading impacts of disasters, with implications on the creation and reinforcement of path dependency maintaining social-ecological systems on a maladaptive trajectory. Applying the Trajectory of Exposure and Vulnerability approach to Saint-Martin (Caribbean), we more specifically highlight how the causal chain linking historical geopolitical and political-institutional drivers to legal, economic, demographic, sociocultural, planning-related and environmental drivers, created the accumulation of exposure and vulnerability over time and contributed to the propagation and amplification of the impacts of tropical cyclones Irma and José in 2017. We find that historical social-political dynamics involving unsustainable development and settlement patterns, the weakness of local institutions, population mistrust in public authorities, high social inequalities and environmental degradation maintained Saint-Martin on a maladaptive trajectory through powerful reinforcing mechanisms operating both between and during cyclonic events. This study demonstrates that long-term interdisciplinary approaches are required for a better understanding of path dependency and the identification of levers to break it in risk-prone contexts. In Saint-Martin, breaking path dependency requires the alignment of local institutional capacities with national risk reduction policies, the promotion of social justice and involvement of local communities in decision making. This study therefore confirms the relevance of backward-looking approaches to support forward-looking climate adaptation.     

吉林省地质灾害发育特征及防治对策研究

本文根据吉林省地质灾害发育类型及分布特征,分析了其形成条件及易发影响因素,进行了地质灾害易发程度及防治分区,提出了地质灾害防治对策建议。     

青海省北部重点成矿带与矿集区矿山地质环境遥感监测研究

为了查明青海省重点成矿带与矿集区矿山地质环境的现状及变化趋势,利用DEM和IKO-NOS、QUICKBIRD、WORLDVIEW-2、SPOT-5等卫星遥感解译资料对该地区的矿山地质环境进行了研究。结果表明,盐湖矿产开发占地面积最大,其次为煤矿,且煤矿区和盐湖矿区占地面积扩展迅速。矿山开发所引发的地质灾害(隐患)集中分布于煤矿开采区,主要表现为塌陷坑、地裂缝、崩塌(隐患)、泥石流(隐患)和地面塌陷区(隐患)等。环境污染主要表现为水体污染、粉尘污染和尾矿污染,而尾矿污染较为突出。     

State of the climate in the Three Gorges Region of the Yangtze River basin in 2020

2020年,长江三峡地区年平均气温17.2℃,接近常年;年平均降水量1530.8毫米,偏多29％,为1961年以来第二多,仅次于1998年.6月,7月降水量及年平均暴雨日数均为1961年以来第二多.平均风速较常年偏大;相对湿度略偏高;各月均无酸雨出现,近十余年酸雨强度呈现明显减弱趋势.2020年,三峡地区夏季暴雨洪涝灾...     

白龙江中游地震次生地质灾害特征

依据汶川大地震后甘肃省国土资源厅的排查资料,统计分析了甘肃省南部白龙江中游地区汶川大地震次生地质灾害的特征和分布规律,研究了其分布与主要影响因素的关系。结果表明地震次生地质灾害的分布在较大程度受坡度、地层岩性和人类活动影响。研究结果可为灾后重建场地选择和次生地质灾害防治提供参考。     

浅析黑龙江省防震减灾地方立法与中央立法的调适

本文从地方立法与中央立法关系的角度,结合《黑龙江省防震减灾条例》修订过程中的一些实际问题,对黑龙江省防震减灾地方立法的定位与发展进行了分析探讨,为黑龙江省防震减灾法制建设完善提供了参考。     

宜春地区主要气象灾害分布规律及成因分析

利用1959-2008 年气象观测资料和1949-2008 年气象灾情资料,对发生在宜春地区的暴雨和洪涝、大风、冰雹、干旱、高温、低温和冷冻、雷电等7 类主要气象灾害的分布规律及成因进行了分类分析.结果表明,宜春地区每年都会出现不同程度的洪涝灾害,重度洪涝灾害为3-5 a 一遇.东部和西部各有1 个大风多发区;大风7-...     

四川省汶川大地震成因及次生灾害

2008年5月12日14时28分,四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州境内的汶川县（31°N,103．4°E）发生了里氏8．0级浅源地震。震区范围长240km,宽30km,等震线呈长椭圆形,长轴为北东向,震中烈度约为10度,深度为12～19km。震区涉及四川绵阳市北川,德阳、汶川,成都、都江堰、广元、重庆以及甘肃、云南、陕西、河南等地区。除了吉林、黑龙江和新疆地区外,全国都有震感。在北川、汶川等多地区出现次生灾害。地震的发震构造是龙门山构遣带中央断裂带。