节理峰值后归一化位移软化模型

切向荷载作用下贯通节理岩体峰值强度后的剪切应力、位移变形规律一般呈双曲线形式发展,即峰值后强度衰减速率逐步变小而趋于0,到达残余强度。直剪试验表明,非贯通节理岩体峰值后剪切应力、位移呈“S”型趋势发展,即强度衰减速率先是逐步增大,到达一定程度后逐步减少,最后趋于稳定达到残余强度值。贯通节理岩体峰值强度后的本构关系并不适合于描述该特征。提出一个新的非线性归一化位移软化本构模型,通过归一化剪切应力R与归一化剪切位移D的指数函数关系体现峰值后剪切应力、位移的发展趋势,即模型采用无量纲表达式。归一化剪切应力R是峰值后强度降? p-? 与峰值强度、残余强度差值? p-? r的比值;归一化位移D是峰值后剪切位移、峰值位移差值? -? p与残余位移、峰值位移差值? r -? p的比值。对含不同起伏角的非贯通节理岩体在常法向荷载条件下的直剪试验数据进行拟合分析,模型预测结果与实测值具有相当高的吻合度,验证了模型的正确性     

双轴应力下非贯通节理岩体压缩损伤本构模型

针对目前节理岩体损伤变量定义中大多仅考虑节理长度、倾角等几何性质,而未考虑节理抗剪强度等力学性质的不足,基于断裂力学中的由于单个节理存在引起的附加应变能增量与损伤力学中的损伤应变能释放量相关联的观点,推导出了在双轴应力下含单条非贯通闭合节理岩体的损伤变量计算公式,并根据断裂力学理论对双轴压缩荷载下的单个节理尖端应力强度因子计算方法进行了研究,得出了应力强度因子KⅠ、KⅡ的计算公式;同时考虑多节理间的相互作用,给出了单组单排及单组多排非贯通节理尖端应力强度因子计算公式,由此建立了相应的节理岩体双轴压缩损伤本构模型,并利用该模型进行了相应的算例分析。结果表明：对含单条非贯通闭合节理的岩体而言,当节理倾角小于其内摩擦角时,岩体强度与完整岩石相同,岩体损伤为0,而后随着节理倾角增加,岩体强度、损伤随节理倾角的变化分别呈开口向上及向下的抛物线,当节理倾角约为60°时,岩体损伤最大,强度最低。随着节理长度增加,岩体损伤增加,而随着节理内摩擦角的增加,岩体损伤则减小;对含单组单排非贯通闭合节理的岩体而言,当节理总长度一定时,随着单条节理长度的减小及节理条数的增加,岩体损伤则逐渐减小,但其减小幅度与节理条数并不呈线性关系。     

Young,active conjugate strike–slip deformation in West Sichuan: evidence for the stress–strain pattern of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

The active kinematics of the eastern Tibetan Plateau are characterized by the southeastward movement of a major tectonic unit, the Chuan-Dian crustal fragment, bounded by the left-lateral Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault in the northeast and the right-lateral Red River–Ailao Shan shear zone in the southwest. Our field structural and geomorphic observations define two sets of young, active strike–slip faults within the northern part of the fragment that lie within the SE Tibetan Plateau. One set trends NE–SW with right-lateral displacement and includes the Jiulong, Batang, and Derong faults. The second set trends NW–SE with left-lateral displacement and includes the Xianshuihe, Litang, Xiangcheng, Zhongdian, and Xuebo faults. Strike–slip displacements along these faults were established by the deflection and offset of streams and various lithologic units; these offsets yield an average magnitude of right- and left-lateral displacements of ～15–35 km. Using 5.7–3.5 Ma as the time of onset of the late-stage evolution of the Xianshuihe fault and the regional stream incision within this part of the plateau as a proxy for the initiation age of conjugate strike–slip faulting, we have determined an average slip rate of ～2.6–9.4 mm/year. These two sets of strike–slip faults intersect at an obtuse angle that ranges from 100° to 140° facing east and west; the fault sets define a conjugate strike–slip pattern that expresses internal E–W shortening in the northern part of the Chuan-Dian crustal fragment. These conjugate faults are interpreted to have experienced clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of up to 20°. The presence of this conjugate fault system demonstrates that this part of the Tibetan Plateau is undergoing not only southward movement, but also E–W shortening and N–S lengthening due to convergence between the Sichuan Basin and the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.     

预制装配式剪力墙结构墙板节点抗震性能研究

为掌握预制装配式剪力墙结构墙板节点的抗震性能,对2个现浇试件和2个预制装配式试件进行了拟静力试验.结合非线性分析手段,从承载能力、变形能力、受力机理以及破坏模式等方面综合分析了其抗震性能,并初步探讨了墙板连接钢筋的合理直径.分析结果表明:与现浇试件相比,预制装配式试件承载能力较高,位移延性系数相同,滞同环均较饱满,具有...     

变值配置函数空间整体编码族的2维对称性

研究0-1多元变量的逻辑函数及其整体配置函数空间变值编码表示特性。根据对称特性,系统地定义一批整体编码结构:邵雍-Leibniz码、广义码、文王码、伏羲码和共轭码。展示变值向量配置函数空间规模以及函数群集的状态空间组织结构。对各类编码系列的可区分数目,给出计算公式。2维变值展示框架展现在变值配置函数空间中不同编码族具有的内蕴对称特性。分层结构编码配置函数空间和2维展现描述体系,为基于东方逻辑传统的现代逻辑架构:变值逻辑体系,利用高维分析工具探讨0-1序列非线性超复杂逻辑变换开辟道路。     

Thermal history of the Rio Muni (West Africa)–NE Brazil margins during continental breakup

We document the thermal record of breakup of the conjugate Rio Muni (West Africa) and NE Brazil margins using apatite fission track analysis, vitrinite reflectance data and stratigraphic observations from both margins. These results permit determination of the timing of four cooling episodes, and the temperature of samples at the onset of each episode. All samples are interpreted to have experienced higher temperatures in the geological past due to i) elevated basal heatflow (palaeogeothermal gradient in Rio Muni-1 well decaying from 58 °C/km during the Mid Cretaceous to 21.5 °C/km in the Late Cenozoic) and ii) progressive exhumation from formerly greater burial depth. A well constrained history of changing palaeogeothermal gradient allows for much more precise quantification of the thickness of eroded section (exhumation) than if a constant heatflow is assumed. Cooling episodes identified from the palaeotemperature data at 110–95 Ma (both margins) and 85–70 Ma (Rio Muni only) coincide with major unconformities signifying, respectively, the cessation of rifting (breakup) and compressional shortening that affected the African continent following the establishment of post-rift sedimentation (drift). The interval between these separate unconformities is occupied by allochthonous rafts of shallow-water carbonates recording gravitational collapse of a marginal platform. The rift shoulder uplift that triggered this collapse was enhanced by local transpression associated with the obliquely divergent Ascension Fracture Zone, and thermal doming due to the coeval St Helena and Ascension Plumes. The data also reveal a c.45–35 Ma cooling episode, attributed to deep sea erosion at the onset of Eo-Oligocene ice growth, and a c.15–10 Ma episode interpreted as the record of Miocene exhumation of the West African continental margin related to continent-wide plume development. Integration of thermal history methods with traditional seismic- and stratigraphy-based observations yields a dynamic picture of kilometre-scale fluctuations in base level through the breakup and early drift phases of development of these margins. Major unconformities at ocean margins are likely to represent composite surfaces recording not only eustasy, but also regional plate margin-generated deformation, local ‘intra-basinal’ reorganization, and the amplifying effect of negative feedbacks between these processes.     

A layered model of the upper crust in the Aigion region of Greece,inferred from arrival times of the 2001 earthquake sequence

The western part of the Gulf of Corinth attracts attention due to its seismically active fault system and considerable seismic hazard. Detailed studies of the seismic activity of the region have been carried out especially as part of the so-called Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) Project. For standard earthquake locations, the CRL uses the HYPO algorithm and a special structural model that is composed of homogeneous layers (Rigo et al., 1996). This model was derived from a passive seismic experiment in a broader area around the western part of the Gulf. A significant part of the seismic activity is concentrated close to the town of Aigion, which was damaged by a strong earthquake in 1995. A sequence of smaller earthquakes occurred to the south of this town in the year 2001. In the present paper, we have used this sequence to derive an improved structural model for the region in the vicinity of the town of Aigion. This new model is based on the minimization of travel-time residuals. In particular, we used arrival times from a subset of 88 events recorded by at least 5 stations of the southern part of the CRL network, had magnitudes of over 2.3, and were recorded at the nearest station (station code AIO). A variant of the method of conjugate gradients has been used for this purpose. In comparison with the model derived by Rigo et al. (1996), the new model is characterized by a higher ν_P/ν_S velocity ratio and by higher velocities to a depth of about 7 km. The new model was derived with the aim to get more accurate locations of future events in the vicinity of the town of Aigion.     

盾构隧道联络通道地震响应规律研究

联络通道与盾构隧道的连接处是隧道抗震的薄弱环节,但目前有关联络通道抗震性能的研究开展得还很少。对于隧道与联络通道连接部位这类典型的空间结构,三维动力有限元分析是最为有效的方法,而其中的人工边界条件和地震动输入方法是实现这一方法的关键技术之一。本文以显式形式将多次透射边界条件引入三维动力分析控制方程,采用分割算法分别求解边界节点和内部节点的响应,然后以对武汉长江隧道工程为背景,利用这种算法研究了隧道与联络通道连接处的地震响应规律,并对采用柔性搭接代替刚性接头和地基加固两种措施的减振效果进行了计算分析。