山东省烟台市观水镇白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性分析

近年来,由于地下水污染问题加剧,山东省烟台市观水镇生活用水矛盾日益突出,急需寻找优质地下水缓解当地居民用水问题。通过水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、实施探采结合井、抽水试验和水质化验等手段,初步查明了观水镇及附近区域的蓄水构造类型及赋存规律,圈定了优质地下水的富水地段,论证了白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性,为政府相关部门决策、解决村民吃水问题提供科学建议。     

下保护层开采上覆煤层产气机理及规律

通过理论研究分析了采动区煤层裂隙特征、煤层气赋存特征和煤层气运移特征,揭示了煤矿采动影响下上覆被保护煤层产气机理。分析认为采动区煤层产气机理与常规煤层气产气机理不同,一是采动区煤层基质孔隙大、内部裂隙多、离层裂隙发育。二是采动区煤层气解吸快、解吸量大、水中溶解气少。三是采动区煤层气运移以气体单向流为主,评价渗透性指标为透气性系数。在收集大量采动区煤层气井产气数据的基础上,研究了产气机理对产气规律的影响。采动区煤层气井产气规律与常规煤层气井相比,具有产量提升快、产气峰值高的特点,整体呈现先迅速增大后逐渐减小趋于平稳的规律。结合采动区煤层产气机理研究,分析认为气产量提升速度快是由于煤层裂隙迅速增多且气体在裂隙中以气相单相流运移为主,产气峰值高是由于储层压力快速下降使煤层气加速解吸,短时间内在井筒附近聚集大量游离气。     

地裂缝-隧道-围岩动力相互作用模型试验研究

为了研究在地铁列车振动荷载情况下盾构隧道-地裂缝-围岩相互耦合作用下的场地灾害效应,从西安地裂缝地质环境和西安地铁2号线的实际工程背景出发,采用相似理论设计了相似比例尺为1∶5的物理模型试验,对盾构隧道、围岩材料、地裂缝等进行了合理设计。基于偏心块的振动原理,课题组自主研发了列车激振器来模拟地铁列车荷载,激振方式采用移动荷载激振方式,分析在不同列车车速和激振频率下地裂缝两侧土体的加速度变化情况,以此来研究地铁隧道-地裂缝-围岩系统在地铁振动荷载作用下的动力响应规律。结果表明,列车振动向下传播时振动衰减的幅度要小于向上传播衰减的幅度,由此为实际工程中减少地铁振动灾害效应技术的发展提供了理论支撑。     

Characteristics of Aerosol Activation Efficiency and Aerosol and CCN Vertical Distributions in North China

By analyzing airborne observations over North China from 30 flights during spring and autumn of 2005-2007, characteristics of the vertical distributions of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at 0.3% supersaturation in various locations of North China are investigated. The measurement samplings were conducted over different surfaces such as plains, plateau, and sea. The results show that the number concentration of accumulation mode aerosols was greater in autumn than in spring, but the reverse is true for CCN. This means that more aerosols with diameters smaller than 100 nm could be activated as CCN in spring, and this could induce higher aerosol activation efficiency. The aerosol activation efficiency over the plains near the Taihang Mountain was greater in spring than in autumn, and it was greater over sea than over land. The aerosol activation efficiency above the boundary layer over the Bashang Plateau was very low. Based on a fit of the negative exponential vertical distributions of aerosol and CCN, a spatial parameterization model of aerosol and CCN as well as aerosol activation efficiency over North China was proposed. The results show that aerosol activation efficiency was not clearly dependent on altitude because it was mainly affected by regional physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols and the ambient atmospheric conditions. The mean aerosol activation efficiency is 0.66, with values of 0.70 and 0.53 in spring and autumn,respectively.     

地裂缝分类及地面沉降区构造地裂缝防治对策

地裂缝类型多样,灾害严重.根据主导因素及动力类型,将地裂缝分为构造地裂缝和非构造地裂缝两大类和16个类别;基于地裂缝的工程地质特征、水文地质特征和活动特征,认为地面沉降区构造地裂缝发生超常活动的本质原因是地裂缝错断了含水层,在过量抽取地下水时地裂缝两侧形成明显的水头差,产生不均匀压缩,从而导致地表发生较大的差异沉降;提...     

蒸汽冷凝过程的分子团聚模型及其对不凝性气体影响传热性能的解释

根据相变过程的微观物理机理和热力学特性,提出了冷凝传热过程中,近壁面蒸汽分子经由团聚阶段进而冷凝成宏观液滴的物理模型.并将团聚体分布与滴状冷凝传热性能相联系,从而研究不凝性气体对滴状冷凝传热过程的影响.在改进的Dillmann和Meier(DM)模型基础上,将分子团聚过程中的临界过饱和度与冷凝过程中的过冷度相联系,以及将团聚体的能量特性与液固界面物理化学特性相联系,将团聚模型与考虑固液界面效应的滴状冷凝传热模型相联系,建立了近壁面条件影响的分子团聚模型.利用模型计算了近壁面蒸汽中团簇体尺寸和分布,以及不凝     

抚顺城区采动地裂缝变形特征及其演化过程

抚顺市地裂缝一直是困扰城市发展和安全的重大工程地质问题.本文根据现场调查,结合地面变形监测结果,剖析了抚顺城区地裂缝的分布、变形特征.地裂缝主要发育于抚顺老虎台矿北部城区,整体走向NE 60°～80°,基本沿浑河断裂带分支断裂展布,属拉张型裂缝.地面变形监测结果显示,本文根据现场调查,结合地面变形监测结果,剖析了抚顺城...