全文获取类型
收费全文 | 305篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
国内免费 | 80篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 109篇 |
地球物理 | 90篇 |
地质学 | 159篇 |
海洋学 | 26篇 |
天文学 | 7篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 22篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有421条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
大气环境卫星温室气体和气溶胶协同观测综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人类排放的温室气体和气溶胶是造成全球气候变暖和大气环境恶化的主要因素,也是大气环境卫星遥感的核心探测目标。与传统的单一探测目标卫星相比,实现同平台的大气温室气体和气溶胶协同监测,对于提高温室气体卫星反演精度、改善“自上而下”碳源汇估算、提升温室气体和气溶胶的人为/自然源区分能力具有重要意义,也是各国航天机构积极发展的空间探测手段。本文对欧、日、中、美等具备温室气体和气溶胶协同监测能力的卫星进行系统的介绍,包括卫星平台、传感器、处理算法和质控验证。按照卫星监测任务和传感器用途,将其分为大气综合探测卫星和温室气体监测卫星两大类,并从碳中和行动和大气环境综合治理等需求出发,提出温室气体和气溶胶协同观测星座(GACOC)的概念及其发展方向,包括主被动卫星组网观测、温室气体和气溶胶高精度联合反演算法、人为排放源识别和定量监测等应用。 相似文献
62.
正地震是地壳或岩石圈构造变形的一种方式,施加于边界断层及其活动块体内的力决定了它们的变形方式(伸展、挤压、走滑),而变形(或地震)的空间分布受岩石圈流变学控制,尤其是受断层和其间块体强度以及这些块体与岩石圈耦合作用的控制(Thatcher,2009)。而火山岩浆作为低粘度熔体,其活动通常也会产生地震,地震类型和大小与岩浆活动深度有关。在上地幔顶部,岩浆活动会引起颤动(tremor),在地壳较深部位时, 相似文献
63.
Carbon and Noble Gas Isotopes in the Tengchong Volcanic Geothermal Area, Yunnan, Southwestern China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived 3He. Occurrence of mantle-derived 3He coincides with surface volcanism. However, 3He occurs over a larger geographic areathan do surface volcanics. δ13C values for CO2 and CH4 vary from -33.4‰ to 1.6 ‰ and from -52.8‰ to -2.8‰, respectively. He and C isotope systematics indicate that CO2 and CH4 in the CO2-rich gases originated predominantly from magmatic component mixed with crustal CO2 produced from carbonate. However, breakdown of organic matter and near-surface processes accounts for the CH4 and CO2 in N2-rich gases. 3He/4He ratio distribution pattern suggests that mantle-derived He and heat sources of high-temperature system in central Tengchong originate from a hidden magma reservoir at subsurface. CO2-rich gases with the highest 3He/4He ratio (5.2 Ra) may be representative of the 相似文献
64.
Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy. 相似文献
65.
Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy. 相似文献
66.
Emission of methane and nitrous oxides from agricultural soils and related global warming potentials of Murshidabad District,West Bengal 下载免费PDF全文
Agricultural activities emit substantial amounts of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxides (N2O), the two important greenhouse gases (GHG) with high global warming potentials (GWP). So far, many studies have already been carried out at national and state level, but lack micro‐level (district or block‐level) inventory in India. The present study sheds light on the flux of CH4 and N2O (from all possible sources) from agricultural soil of various blocks in the Murshidabad district, based on the inventory prepared, using the IPCC methodology, with adjusted emission factors and coefficients appropriate for the local level. The economy of the Murshidabad district almost completely rests on agriculture as more than 80 per cent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on it for their livelihood. Paddy is the dominating crop, cultivated on more than 60 per cent of the gross cropped area. The present work is based on the review of various literature and reports collected from respective state government offices and websites. Results show that CH4 and N2O emission from the agricultural fields are 126.405 Gg and 0.652 Gg respectively for the year 2011?12 with a large scale spatial variation (block‐level) within the district. 相似文献
67.
基于主要温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)强迫因子和石笋δ18О观测资料(1~2002 年),分别利用关联性耦合模型和非线性统计-动力学方法,分析温室气体强迫与东亚亚热带季风演变耦合度的时序规律和定量反演模拟温室气体强迫对近2 000 a东亚亚热带季风演变影响的非线性趋势和相对贡献。研究发现:① 温室气体与季风演变耦合度的高低对应季风的强弱变化,即两者耦合作用越强,东亚亚热带季风越强;反之,两者耦合强度越小,东亚亚热带季风越弱;耦合度峰谷值对应季风极强降水和极端干旱时段。② 时序演变规律为:N2O和CO2相互作用与季风演变间耦合效应最强,成为东亚亚热带季风演变的主要驱动力。其次,N2O一次项和CO2非线性项对季风演变起主要的负反馈调节机制。③ 时序演变阶段上有所不同:1~180年,CH4因子对季风演变主要起负反馈调节机制;180~1760年和1760~2002年,对季风演变起主要的驱动和调节机制分别为CO2因子和N2O因子;但1900年后N2O和CO2相互作用与季风演变的耦合驱动效应近百年来明显增强,耦合度在中等-较强(或极强)之间来回波动转换,耦合作用明显增强,在耦合度由较强(或极强)转弱至中等时,东亚亚热带季风也随之减弱。 相似文献
68.
The North–East Corridor(NEC) Testbed project is the 3rd of three NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) greenhouse gas emissions testbeds designed to advance greenhouse gas measurements capabilities. A design approach for a dense observing network combined with atmospheric inversion methodologies is described. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model with the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model were used to derive the sensitivity of hypothetical observations to surface greenhouse gas emissions(footprints). Unlike other network design algorithms, an iterative selection algorithm, based on a k-means clustering method, was applied to minimize the similarities between the temporal response of each site and maximize sensitivity to the urban emissions contribution. Once a network was selected, a synthetic inversion Bayesian Kalman filter was used to evaluate observing system performance. We present the performances of various measurement network configurations consisting of differing numbers of towers and tower locations. Results show that an overly spatially compact network has decreased spatial coverage, as the spatial information added per site is then suboptimal as to cover the largest possible area, whilst networks dispersed too broadly lose capabilities of constraining flux uncertainties. In addition, we explore the possibility of using a very high density network of lower cost and performance sensors characterized by larger uncertainties and temporal drift. Analysis convergence is faster with a large number of observing locations, reducing the response time of the filter. Larger uncertainties in the observations implies lower values of uncertainty reduction. On the other hand, the drift is a bias in nature, which is added to the observations and,therefore, biasing the retrieved fluxes. 相似文献
69.
An Intercomparison of NO2 and OClO Measurements at Arrival Heights, Antarctica during Austral Spring 1996 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. W. Sanders S. Solomon K. Kreher P. V. Johnston 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,33(3):283-298
For several years NO2 and OClO, two species important to understanding ozone destruction in the Antarctic stratosphere, have been measured at Arrival Heights, Antarctica by two groups: New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. Using data independently collected by these two groups during the Austral spring of 1996, it is shown that the two data sets are in extremely close agreement. Besides offering validation of the instrumentation and analysis techniques of both groups, this result provides confidence in the more complete history of these species gained by combining the two data sets. 相似文献
70.
稀有气体有4个源区,包括大气、地下水、地壳和地幔;其中地幔稀有气体又可分为上地幔和下地幔2个源区。不同源区的稀有气体在同位素组成上截然不同,因而可以利用稀有气体同位素进行有关地质和地球化学过程的示踪。稀有气体同位素组成不仅对查明成矿流体的性质和来源及矿床成因具有重要作用,而且还可以为正确理解大规模成矿作用的地球动力学背景和全面弄清大型一超大型矿集区的时空分布规律提供重要线索。 相似文献