古气候记录的时间标尺及相位关系计算——以塔吉克斯坦Chashmanigar黄土剖面为例

轨道调谐法是确定第四纪地层时间标尺的主要手段,但人工进行轨道调谐确定时间标尺具有可操作性差、客观性差、工作量大及很难得到最佳结果等缺陷,本文描述了利用计算机自动进行轨道调谐以厘定古气候记录时间标尺的方法步骤.对于不同的气候替代性指标时间序列之间在主要周期频率上的相位关系,作者提出了利用演化凝聚函数法进行计算的新方法.作为实例,利用上述方法对塔吉克斯坦Chashmanigar黄土记录进行了时间标尺和相位关系演化的计算.     

乘幂法在地震属性分析中的应用

作者在本文中引入了计算矩阵最大本征值及其对应的本征向量的一种数学计算方法 ,即乘幂法。属性分析中有几项常用技术如第三代相干算法和多属性信息加权处理的综合参数法 ,算法中应用了协方差矩阵本征结构的分析。将算法过程稍加分析整理 ,可发现它们仅仅需要计算最大本征值及对应的本征向量。为了提高计算效率 ,应用乘幂法代替传统使用的雅可比法等方法 ,大大缩短了计算时间 ,而且不影响计算结果的精确性。     

A simplified multisupport response spectrum method

A simplified multisupport response spectrum method is presented.The structural response is a sum of two components of a structure with a first natural period less than 2 s.The first component is the pseudostatic response caused by the inconsistent motions of the structural supports,and the second is the structural dynamic response to ground motion accelerations.This method is formally consistent with the classical response spectrum method,and the effects of multisupport excitation are considered for any modal response spectrum or modal superposition.If the seismic inputs at each support are the same,the support displacements caused by the pseudostatic response become rigid body displacements.The response spectrum in the case of multisupport excitations then reduces to that for uniform excitations.In other words,this multisupport response spectrum method is a modification and extension of the existing response spectrum method under uniform excitation.Moreover,most of the coherency coefficients in this formulation are simplified by approximating the ground motion excitation as white noise.The results indicate that this simplification can reduce the calculation time while maintaining accuracy.Furthermore,the internal forces obtained by the multisupport response spectrum method are compared with those produced by the traditional response spectrum method in two case studies of existing long-span structures.Because the effects of inconsistent support displacements are not considered in the traditional response spectrum method,the values of internal forces near the supports are underestimated.These regions are important potential failure points and deserve special attention in the seismic design of reticulated structures.     

Correlation model for spatially distributed ground‐motion intensities

Risk assessment of spatially distributed building portfolios or infrastructure systems requires quantification of the joint occurrence of ground‐motion intensities at several sites, during the same earthquake. The ground‐motion models that are used for site‐specific hazard analysis do not provide information on the spatial correlation between ground‐motion intensities, which is required for the joint prediction of intensities at multiple sites. Moreover, researchers who have previously computed these correlations using observed ground‐motion recordings differ in their estimates of spatial correlation. In this paper, ground motions observed during seven past earthquakes are used to estimate correlations between spatially distributed spectral accelerations at various spectral periods. Geostatistical tools are used to quantify and express the observed correlations in a standard format. The estimated correlation model is also compared with previously published results, and apparent discrepancies among the previous results are explained. The analysis shows that the spatial correlation reduces with increasing separation between the sites of interest. The rate of decay of correlation typically decreases with increasing spectral acceleration period. At periods longer than 2 s, the correlations were similar for all the earthquake ground motions considered. At shorter periods, however, the correlations were found to be related to the local‐site conditions (as indicated by site V_s30 values) at the ground‐motion recording stations. The research work also investigates the assumption of isotropy used in developing the spatial correlation models. It is seen using the Northridge and Chi‐Chi earthquake time histories that the isotropy assumption is reasonable at both long and short periods. Based on the factors identified as influencing the spatial correlation, a model is developed that can be used to select appropriate correlation estimates for use in practical risk assessment problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coherency analysis of accelerograms recorded by the UPSAR array during the 2004 Parkfield earthquake

Spatial variability of near‐fault strong motions recorded by the US Geological Survey Parkfield Seismograph Array (UPSAR) during the 2004 Parkfield (California) earthquake is investigated. Behavior of the lagged coherency for two horizontal and the vertical components is analyzed by separately examining the decay of coherency with frequency and distance. Assumptions, approximations, and challenges that are involved in estimation of the coherency from recorded data are presented in detail. Comparison of the UPSAR coherency estimates with coherency models that are commonly used in engineering practice sheds light on the advantages and limitations of different approaches to modeling the coherency, as well as on similarities and differences in the spatial variability exhibited by seismic ground motion arrays at different sites. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高阶统计量在油气地球物理勘探中的新应用

利用高阶统计量所具有的可抑制高斯噪声和比常规的自相关函数包含更多信息的优点,并结合油气地球物理勘探的实际问题,在油气检测、小断层自动识别和相干技术3个领域进行了理论创新,相应提出了3种新的地震资料处理与解释方法:①采用高阶谱特征参数进行油气检测和识别,并得出了含水砂岩和含气砂岩的高阶谱属性规律;②采用四阶累积量函数计算时间延迟进行小断层的自动识别;③采用四阶矩函数代替互相关函数进行相干计算,对第一代相干体算法进行了改进,发展了基于高阶统计量的相干体算法.提出了利用沉积环境时间演化切片图进行砂体的沉积环境演化分析,为砂体的沉积环境演化分析提供了一种新的工具.     

同一测点不同地震动分量空间相干性分析

利用SMART-1台阵的3次地震记录计算了同一测点三平动地震动分量问的相干值,并提出了相干函数模型。分析表明,同一测点各地震动分量间是低相干的,随频率衰减不明显;两水平分量问的相干性比水平分量与垂直分量间的相干性大。因此在工程计算中不计相干函数随频率的变化不会带来太大的误差。     

Modal response analysis of multi‐support structures using a random vibration approach

A formulation is developed for modal response analysis of multi‐support structures using a random vibration approach. The spectral moments of the structural response are rigorously decomposed into contributions from spectral moments of uncoupled modal responses. An advantage of the proposed formulation is that the total dynamic response can be obtained on the basis of mode by mode uncoupled analyses. The contributions to the total response from modal responses under individual support ground motions and under cross‐correlated pairs of support ground motions can be recognized explicitly. The application and performance of the formulation is illustrated by means of an example using a well‐established coherency spectrum model and widely known power spectra models, such as white noise and Kanai–Tajimi. The first three spectral moments of displacement, shear, and bending moment responses are computed, showing that the formulation produces the same results as the exact solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coherency matrix-based proper orthogonal decomposition with application to wind field simulation

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition （POD） provides a powerful modal transformation tool for stochastic dynamics. In this paper, coherency matrix-based proper orthogonal decomposition （CPOD） is presented as an innovative form of the POD based on cross power spectral density matrices. By introducing a discretizing scheme, the CPOD-based spectral representation method is obtained for use in stochastic simulation. Moreover, some criteria are proposed that allow the truncation order of CPOD to be conveniently determined. A numerical example to illustrate the application of the proposed method for the simulation of a wind velocity field is provided.     

利用相干属性剖面特征进行层位解释

利用相干属性的平面特征进行断层识别及沉积特征识别,已得到了较为广泛的应用,而相干属性的剖面特征却常常受到忽略。我们的研究表明,除平面特征外,相干属性的剖面特征往往能提供关于地质构造和沉积特征的更加精细的信息,特别是可以直接利用相干属性剖面进行层位追踪解释。而且在利用相干属性剖面特征进行层位解释时,具有层位追踪准确,分辨率高等优点。这里提出利用相干体属性的剖面特征进行层位追踪解释的方法,并通过对比利用振幅剖面特征进行层位解释的方法步骤,探讨总结了利用相干剖面进行层位追踪解释的优缺点,以及利用相干属性剖面进行层位追踪解释的方法步骤和工作流程,为层位的追踪解释提供了另一种可选择的方法,这种方法在实际应用中也取得了良好的效果。