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61.
Can the diffuse double layer theory describe changes in hydraulic conductivity of compacted clays? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robrecht M. Schmitz 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1835-1844
Observations related to modifications of the hydraulic conductivity of compacted soils as a consequence of intentional compositional
variation of the percolating fluid are often attributed vaguely to calculated changes in double layer thickness. The same
calculated decrease or increase in double layer thickness is interpreted differently, depending on which (unconsciously held)
boundary conditions authors take into account. The interpretations of different authors seem to be paradoxical only if the
boundary conditions have not been mentioned. On the basis of a literature survey and own previously published test results
the different boundary conditions have been grouped and divided into classes. With this division the interpretation of changes
in double layer thickness will lead to unique interpretations and predictions of changes in hydraulic conductivity. 相似文献
62.
在锚固工程成孔中,软土含砾地层成孔困难,钻进效率低,效率效益差,针对这种情况分析了地层特点和采用不同成孔方法施工存在的问题,找出了一种比较适应的钻进成孔方法,并通过生产实践证明效果较佳,为软土含砾地层倾斜孔成孔提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
63.
64.
The viscous behaviour of laterite slurries was characterized by measurements of shear stress at constant and changing shear rates. Steady state stresses were obtained after accounting for the settling solids: the values show that the fluids possess viscosities of order 100 mPa s and are moderately shear-thinning, for solid volume fractions from 0.06 to 0.18 and for shear rates between 10 and 1000 s−1. Transient stress measurements were made for steps down in shear rate and for ramps down and up in shear rate. It was found that the Bingham–Maxwell model provides good fits to the transient data, both at low concentrations, where yield behaviour is dominant, and at high concentrations, where elasticity is dominant. For volume fractions of 0.10 or greater, relaxation times were found from step tests to be of order 10 s, but relaxation times found from the ramp tests were generally several times higher. 相似文献
65.
报道了以NH4H2PO4为基体改进剂,采用悬浮体制样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定琥珀中微量铅的方法。试验了影响测定的主要因素。在优化实验条件下。方法的检出限为0.038μg/g,Pb的质量浓度为0~80μg/L时,工作曲线线性关系良好。对于ω(Pb)=5.71μg/g样品的测定,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为6.83%。 相似文献
66.
该文通过对钻孔灌注桩的主要施工工艺如:泥浆比重及粘稠度、孔内沉渣厚度、钢筋笼的制安以及水下混凝土的灌注等工艺技术要求的控制方法的阐述,指出在钻孔灌注桩施工过程中只要对这些工序加强控制,就能确保钻孔灌注桩的质量 相似文献
67.
以龙岩地区岩溶地带某一项目施工为例,分析冲孔灌注桩孔内漏浆、塌孔的原因,探讨在岩溶地区预防和处理塌孔的方法:改善泥浆品质,安放钢护筒,挤压黄土入裂隙,减小泥浆渗透,以及分层加入一定量水泥,使其形成水泥土护壁层。实践证明,诸类方法的使用可有效遏制孔内漏浆和塌孔,提高施工效率。 相似文献
68.
Additives for Slurry Shields in Highly Permeable Ground 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P. Fritz 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(1):81-95
Summary. For tunneling projects in saturated soils tunnel boring machines (TBMs) with slurry shields are widely used. However, in coarse,
highly permeable soils the suspension penetrates the ground and the required support pressure cannot be built up. For the
Zimmerberg Base Tunnel near Zurich permeabilities much greater than 10−3 m/s were expected. This value is usually considered as the critical limit for the applicability of slurry shields. Therefore
it was aimed to find additives for the bentonite suspension which would allow it to attain a higher suspension pressure.
For these investigations an apparatus has been developed. It allows the maximum attainable support pressure for a given suspension
and a ground to be determined. It reflects the real situation, produces reproducible results and is insensitive to the inevitable
variation of individual parameters.
In the tests the additives polymer, sand and vermiculite were studied and their effects on the attainable maximum suspension
pressure investigated. For the best combination, i.e. with a well defined proportion of the individual components, suspension
pressures could be attained which were about 10 to 20 times higher than those with an ordinary bentonite suspension. Successful
excavation of the Zimmerberg Base Tunnel proved the validity of the laboratory tests containing 200 kg bentonite per m3 water. 相似文献
69.
70.
环境矿物、SAP、化学固沙浆材综合治理荒漠初探 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
介绍了水玻璃-乙酸乙酯、植物栲胶化学固沙浆材在柱撑蒙脱石、缺铝型沸石的制备方法及性能,并将柱撑蒙脱石、缺铝型沸石、SAP、生根素等以一定的配比和方式复合在一起,制备成具有保水、保肥、保墒等多项功能的“复合富水营养包”,实验室初步证明,在无水、无肥、昼夜温差较大,不采取任何植保措施的情况下,营养包可使树苗在沙土中度过3个月的成活期。根据两种固沙浆材的特性及营养包的功能,提出一种新的治理沙漠的设想;用化学固沙浆材料在较大范围内固定流沙,为树木生长创造一个相对稳定的环境,然后用营养包保活单株树木,当大量树木构成规模林带、林地后,即可实现地下保水、地表固沙、地上成林三维结合的立体综合治荒目标。 相似文献