中国铅锌矿产资源成矿特征与资源潜力评价

近年来经济的快速发展导致铅锌矿产资源需求大量增加,使得我国的铅锌资源储备形势依然严峻。基于此,在全国开展铅锌矿产资源潜力评价工作,通过总结铅锌矿地质矿产成果,掌握铅锌矿产资源现状,预测未查明的铅锌矿产资源潜力,能够更好地满足未来铅锌矿产资源规划部署及合理利用的需要。在系统梳理全国29个省级行政单位铅锌矿产资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结中国铅锌矿时空分布规律特征,结合传统的矿床模型以及全国重要矿产预测类型划分方案划分了铅锌矿矿产预测类型,将全国铅锌矿划分为9类矿产预测类型,分别是层控碳酸盐岩型（MVT）、碳酸盐岩细碎屑岩型（SEDEX）、砂砾岩型、沉积改造型、陆相火山岩型、海相火山岩型、岩浆热液型、夕卡岩型和风化壳型;分析了重要成矿区带的铅锌矿矿产预测类型、成矿时代,总结了各成矿区带主要类型铅锌矿区域预测要素,建立了主要类型铅锌矿区域预测模型。结合全国大地构造相图、全国成矿区带图以及全国各级预测区分布图等资料,划分了15个铅锌矿成矿省和47个Ⅲ级成矿区带,以成矿省(成矿区带)为主线开展矿产资源潜力评价和预测工作,为勘查部署提供依据。     

东部沙区表土有机质和速效养分与风沙环境关系初探

东部沙区表土有机质、速效养分含量普遍较低。按照库布齐沙漠、毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地的次序,有机质和速效K含量逐渐增大,这种分布格局与区域风沙环境性质、风沙活动方式密切相关;各沙漠/沙地内部,表土有机质和速效K含量分别与植被盖度、颗粒平均粒径、分选系数之间存在较好的相关性。速效N和速效P含量未表现出上述变化规律。可见有机质和速效K含量对风沙环境的变化较为敏感,因而其在表土中的再分配可以在一定程度上反映局地风沙环境的变化,而速效N和速效P对风沙环境的指示意义不明显。东部沙区表土有机质、速效N及速效P含量普遍高于西部沙区,而速效K含量明显偏低。     

沉积（火山）岩中铅锌矿化与金矿化的关系——兼论我国铅锌矿化集中区的金矿勘查

近年来,我国在铅锌矿区或外围发现了越来越多不同类型的金矿床,铅锌矿化与金矿化之间的相互关系及其勘查指示意义已引起了广泛的关注。沉积（火山）岩中的铅锌矿化基本可分三种类型,不同类型的铅锌矿化有不同的成矿环境,而金的成矿地质事件是在特定地区与特定的热—构造事件相互耦合的。研究发现,只有在经历了后期强烈的热—构造事件的Sedex型或VMS型铅锌矿区才具备形成金矿化的条件,是金矿勘查的有利地区;MVT型和后期缺乏热—构造事件的Sedex型或VMS型铅锌矿区不具备形成金矿化的条件,是金矿勘查的不利地区。     

达索普冰芯中Pb记录反映的大气污染及其同位素证据

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）及相关的超净化技术,对希夏邦马峰达索普冰芯上部４０ｍ的样品中超痕量金属元素Ｐｂ的含量进行测试的结果显示,Ｐｂ的含量自冰芯下部至上部呈显著增长趋势。Ｐｂ同位素分析表明,＾２０６Ｐｂ＋＾２０７Ｐｂ自冰芯下部至上部增长,而＾２０８Ｐｂ则呈下降趋势。Ｐｂ同位素的这种富Ｕ铅、贫Ｔｈ铅的组成演化特征显示,这种增加主要来自人类活动而非自然源,这与研究区相邻的多数发展中国     

液膜富集—火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量铅

用乳状液膜体系对水中痕量铅进行分离富集,研究表面活性剂,内相试剂,膜增强剂等对分离富集过程的影响,确定了二环己基－１８－冠－６（ＤＣ－１８－Ｃ－６）－Ｓｐａｎ８０－丙三醇－四氯经碳－Ｎａ４Ｐ４Ｏ７液膜体系的最佳组成及最适宜的实验条件,并用该法与火焰原子吸收法结合测定天然水中的痕量铅,富集倍数为４５左右,回收率大于９９％,相对标准偏并为０．７７％。     

黄河、长江和钱塘江水样不同级分滤液与铅吸附络合反应动力学的初步研究

采用过滤和切向超滤将黄河、长江和钱塘江水样分成＜ １ ．０μｍ ,＜ ０ ．４μｍ ,＜ ５０００Ｄａｌｔｏｎ （ 相当于１ ．５ｍｍ 孔径） 三个级分,分别对三个级分滤液与铅进行吸附络合反应的动力学进行了初步研究。黄河水样＜ １．５ｎｍ 超滤液与铅吸附络合反应呈快反应,＜ ０．４μｍ 和＜ １ ．０μｍ 的各级过滤液呈慢反应;长江和钱塘江水样各级滤液均呈慢反应。长江和钱塘江水样与铅反应存在络合竞争,反应速率取决于竞争离子络合物的解离速率;黄河水样则没有络合竞争。黄河水样＜ ０ ．４μｍ 和＜ １ ．０μｍ 的滤液与铅的络合反应速率由铅与胶体之间的反应决定,反应速率由液膜扩散控制。     

黄河、长江、钱塘江水样中胶体对铅吸附络合容量的影响

用过滤和切向超滤将黄河、长江和钱塘江的水样分成＜ １ ．０μｍ 、＜ ０ ．４μｍ 和＜ ５０００Ｄａｌｔｏｎ （ 相当于１ ．５ｎｍ 孔径） 三种级分,对铅在不同级分上的吸附络合容量进行了初步探讨。铅在不同级分上的吸附络合容量差别很大,滤膜孔径越小,吸附络合容量越小。的黄河水样真溶液中的配体对铅的键合能力相对较强,而粒级较大的络合能力相对较弱;长江水样较大粒级的配体对铅的键合能力相对较强;钱塘江水样的各粒级配体的键合能力相似。胶体对三种江河水体的吸附络合容量具有很大贡献,黄河水样＜ １ ．０μｍ 的吸附络合容量中,１ ．５ｎｍ ～１ ．０μｍ 的胶体部分的吸附络合容量占总量的８２ ．５ ％ ,其中以０ ．４ ～１ ．０μｍ 大粒径胶体为主;长江和钱塘江水样中１ ．５ｎｍ ～１ ．０μｍ 的胶体部分的吸附络合容量分别达到了总量的５７ ．７ ％ 和５６ ．８ ％ 。     

Determining soil erosion rates on semi‐arid watersheds using radioisotope‐derived sedimentation chronology

This study investigates erosion dynamics of the past 90 years in three small semi‐arid watersheds with histories of grazing and vegetation change. Activity of ¹³⁷Cs and excess ²¹⁰Pb from 18 cores collected from sedimentation ponds were measured using a gamma spectrometer. The sediment was dated using a constant rate of supply (CRS) model. This study represents the first time that reservoir sediment accumulation rates determined from fallout isotopes have been verified by direct volumetric measurements of aggradation based on topographic surveys. Measured sedimentation in the ponds ranged between 1.9 and 2.3 cm y^?1, representing average sediment delivery rates from the watersheds of between 0.6 and 2.0 t ha^?1 y^?1. These sediment delivery rates were in agreement with those established by other methods for similar catchments in the region. Past variations in sedimentation rates were identified and correlated with recorded history of anthropogenic disturbance. ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb methods are suitable for use in arid environments and can complement each other to increase reliability of erosion rate estimates. The abundance of stock ponds in southwestern USA presents an opportunity to quantify historic erosion and sediment transfer dynamics in areas that have not been well studied or instrumented. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA     

新型弹塑性软碰撞防护装置试验研究

为限制隔震层位移,研发了同时提供刚度和阻尼力的新型弹塑性软碰撞防护装置,该装置主要由铅芯橡胶支座、剪力键及中空连接钢板组成。首先对铅芯橡胶支座进行了设计压应力12MPa下基本性能试验及压应力0 MPa下剪切试验;然后进行了弹塑性软碰撞防护装置的水平力学性能测试试验,测定装置的屈服后刚度、屈服力及支座顶端转角,探讨了剪力键外圆面罩橡胶套对试验结果的影响,对比分析了装置的水平力学性能指标与支座在0MPa下剪切试验结果的差异;最后,对弹塑性软碰撞防护装置进行了数值模拟,对比了数值模拟与试验的水平力-位移滞回曲线。结果表明:弹塑性软碰撞防护装置可提供刚度及阻尼力,在剪力键外圆面罩上橡胶套后对试验结果基本无影响;与0MPa下支座测试结果相比较,装置的屈服后刚度及屈服力有所降低;支座顶端转角随支座剪应变的增大而增大;数值模拟与试验的滞回曲线吻合良好,该装置具有良好的滞回耗能能力。     

Mechanical behavior of lead rubber bearings under and after nonproportional plane loading

Lead rubber bearings, which have been extensively applied in many seismic isolation designs for buildings, infrastructures, and facilities worldwide, were tested under unilateral reversal loading as well as nonproportional plane loading including circular, figure-eight, and square orbits in this study. The test results indicate that unlike the unilateral hysteretic behavior, the bilateral one of lead rubber bearings is too complicated to be characterized adequately by a simplified bilinear hysteretic model. It is mainly attributed to the bilateral coupling effect, which can be clearly observed from the abnormal deformation of the mesh pattern drawn on the rubber cover during the tests. In addition, after being subjected to nonproportional plane loading, the tested bearings reveal visible permanent twisting deformation. The profiles of the cut bearings present the fracture of the inside lead plugs. Even so, the further unilateral reversal loading test results prove that the fracture might not affect the whole hysteretic behavior and mechanical properties very much. The applicability, robustness, and generalization of adopting three previously developed analytical models for describing the coupled bilateral hysteretic behavior of lead rubber bearings are further demonstrated by comparing their predictions with the nonproportional plane loading test results. Although the coefficients are identified from unilateral reversal loading tests, the three analytical models can still have an acceptable prediction capability.