阿尔金北缘枕状玄武岩的地质特征及其锆石U-Pb年龄

阿尔金山北缘恰什坎萨依出露的玄武岩具枕状、气孔和杏仁状构造,镜下多为间隐结构,岩石化学成分特点及REE等微迹元素显示洋岛玄武岩特征;其颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为448.6±3.3Ma。该区玄武岩与相伴产出的蛇纹石化橄榄岩、辉长岩及硅质岩、粉砂岩等呈断层接触关系,它们共同组成了较标准的蛇绿岩。这为探讨阿尔金山的大地构造演化提供了新的证据。     

云南姚安碱性杂岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征

对云南省姚安碱性杂岩体的K-Ar年代学、岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成等进行了综合研究表明(1)该碱性杂岩体的岩性从超基性、基性、中性到酸性;(2)各类型岩石化学成分均富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.6%~11.6%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O>1)和富钙(CaO=0.3%~12.5%);(3)微量元素富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),贫Zr、Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE)。稀土元素富集LREE和正负铕异常不明显;(4)Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征一致显示姚安碱性杂岩体的源区为EMⅡ型富集地幔,EMⅡ型地幔端元代表了与壳幔再循环相联系的交代成因富集地幔源;(5)岩体形成于陆内非造山的张性构造环境;(6)岩体的形成与古特提斯造山带的演化、印度大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞以及进而产生的强烈陆内变形及大尺度新生代走滑断裂这些大的构造事件无论在时间、空间和机制上都有着密切的耦合关系。     

西秦岭地区晚中生代基性火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义

本文对甘肃省夏河县红墙地区火山岩进行了系统的元素-同位素地球化学研究。研究表明该地区白垩纪地层中发育的中基性火山岩,属于碱性火山岩系,岩石类型主要为玄武岩。该套玄武岩具有低且变化较小的SiO2(45.32%~46.83%),低MgO含量高,变化较大(7.68%~9.48%),具有较高的Cr(228~441μg/g)和Ni(140~217μg/g)含量。所有样品都表现出轻稀土富集的右倾平滑分布模式,轻重稀土分异中等,(La/Yb)CN=9.9~22.9,重稀土弱分异,(Gd/Yb)CN=2.6~3.0,Eu异常不明显,Eu/Eu*=1.04~1.08。Ba,Nb-Ta和Th-U不亏损,Rb,K相对亏损,Sr正异常。该区火山岩具有亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成,Sr-Nd同位素组成变化范围不大(87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.702766~0.702920,εNd(t)=8.42~10.15,t=110Ma),与Hawaii-OIB的Sr-Nd同位素组成相似.其所有地球化学特征表明该火山岩具有类似OIB的特征,可能是含软流圈地幔低度部分熔融的产物。结合对西秦岭地质构造背景和演化历史的分析,暗示该地区晚中生代岩浆源区来源于软流圈,早期深俯冲再循环扬子地壳对源区也有一定贡献,其起源可能与构造走滑作用导致岩石圈伸展碱薄和软流圈地幔上涌有关,这为秦岭大别造山带中生代岩石圈演化提供了有利的直接证据。     

The Effect of Cr2O3 on the Partial Melting of Spinel Lherzolite in the System CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-Cr2O3 at 1{middle dot}1 GPa

Chromium as Cr³⁺ substitutes for octahedrally coordinated Alin upper-mantle minerals, thereby reducing the activity of Al₂O₃in the system and hence the concentration of Al₂O₃ in partialmelts. The effect of Cr₂O₃ on melt compositions multiply saturatedwith the spinel lherzolite phase assemblage has been quantifiedin the system CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–Cr₂O₃at 1·1 GPa as a function of 100 Cr/(Cr + Al) in the spinel(Cr#_sp). The decrease of Al₂O₃ in the melt with increasing Cr#_spis accompanied by increasing MgO and SiO₂, whereas CaO remainsalmost constant. Consequently, the CaO/Al₂O₃ ratio of the meltincreases with Cr#_sp, and the melt becomes richer in normativediopside, hypersthene and quartz. The effect may explain certainmantle melts with unusually high CaO/Al₂O₃ ratios. The concentrationof Cr₂O₃ in the melt remains low even at high Cr#_sp, which meansthat the strong effect of Cr₂O₃ on partial melting equilibriais not readily apparent from its concentration in the melt itself.The existence of a highly refractory major component such asCr₂O₃ nullifies simplified conclusions from the ‘inverseapproach’ in the experimental study of basalt petrogenesis,as there is insufficient information in the composition of thepartial melt to reconstruct the conditions of melting. KEY WORDS: basalt petrogenesis; partial melting; reversal experiment; spinel lherzolite; system CMAS–Cr₂O₃; CaO/Al₂O₃ of melt; effect of Cr₂O₃     

碱性模式氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的痕量硒

土壤样品经王水分解，转化成HCl溶液，再用NaOH溶液调至碱性，样品溶液首先与KBH4混合，然后与酸作用完成氢化物发生，用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中的痕量硒。方法检出限为0.01μg/g。线性范围为1－200μg/L，样品中硒的含量为0.082μg/g和0.34μg/g时，RSD（n=12)分别为4.9%和2.9%。方法经土壤国家一级标准物质中硒的测定验证，结果与标准值相符。     

青藏高原羌塘中部蓝片岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

青藏高原羌塘中部的冈玛日－桃形错地区蓝片岩被认为是板块构造边界的产物，通过对其主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征的综合研究，其原岩属于洋岛型碱性玄武岩。再结合该地区的地质研究，表明在该地区存在一个古提斯洋，可以作为晚古生代冈瓦纳与劳亚大陆的分界线。     

A Petrographic and Mineralogical Study of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayaxueshan Area, North Qilian Fold Belt, NW China

The Ordovician volcanic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area have been pervasively altered or metamorphosed and contain abundant secondary minerals such as albite, chlorite, epidote, prehnite, pumpellyite, actinolite, titanite, quartz, and/or calcite. They were denoted as spilites or spilitic rocks in terms of their petrographic features and mineral assemblages. The metamorphic grades of the volcanic rocks are equivalent to that of the intercalated metaclastic rocks. This indicates that both the spilitic volcanic rocks and metaclastic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area have formed as a result of Caledonian regional metamorphism. We suggest that the previously denoted spilitic rocks or altered volcanic rocks should be re-denoted as metabasalts or metabasaltic rocks. The metamorphic grade of the volcanic rocks increases with their age: prehnite-pumpellyite facies for the upper part of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks, prehnite-pumpeilyite to lower greenschist facies for the lower part of the Middle Ordovician vol     

Elemental Geochemistry of a Soil Chronosequence on Basalt onNorthern Hainan Island, China

With increasing soil age, the contents of Sr, Ba and ratios of Sr/Be in soils tend to decrease, whereas the contents of V, Sc, Ni, Cr, Co and ratios of Fe/Ni and Fe/Co tend to increase, as evidenced from a study on soils of different ages, developed on basahs in the northern part of Hainan Island. Ba/Nb, significantly correlative with soil age, can be used to evaluate soil evolution. By using the mass-balance method, the element migration was discussed with Ti as an immobile element. The results showed that element leaching was most intensive in the early pedogenic period. In this period (Primosols) , over 90% of Ca, Mg, K and Na was leached out of soils till Ferrosol formation. The leaching of P occurred mainly at the beginning of soil development. About 60% of Si was mobilized in the stage of Cambosol formation and 80% in the stage of Ferralosol formation.     

Contexte de mise en place des roches basiques de la ceinture de roches vertes birimienne de Diagorou-Darbani (Liptako,Niger, Afrique de l'Ouest) : plateau océanique ou environnement d'arc/bassin arrière-arc océanique

The Diagorou-Darbani Birimian greenstone belt includes (i) tholeiitic metabasalts with flat to slightly depleted LREE patterns, (ii) amphibolites having high contents in both compatible and incompatible elements with strongly fractionated spidergrams showing large HFSE negative anomalies, and (iii) metabasalts and amphibolites with intermediate features between the two previous groups. The chemical compositions of these rocks are not those of oceanic plateau basalts, but suggest a magmatic evolution from an arc environment to a back-arc oceanic basin. Source of the highly enriched amphibolites could be a depleted mantle metasomatized by slab-derived siliceous melts. To cite this article: A. Soumaila et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).