多接收器等离子体质谱仪Zn同位素测定方法研究

该研究建立了Zn同位素比值的MC-ICPMS高精度测定方法.研究内容包括:对干扰信号、介质影响、基质效应和仪器稳定性的评估等方面.重复性测定中,66Zn/64Zn、67Zn/64Zn、68Zn/64Zn外精度分别为0.1‰(2SD)、0.23‰(2sD)、0.22‰(2SD),达到国际先进水准.     

中国大陆科学深钻主孔岩屑中含钠和锌的尖晶石的发现

一种含钠和锌的尖晶石矿物产于中国大陆科学深钻主孔超镁铁岩中，以出溶的方式存在于钛铁矿和磁铁矿中，长5-60μm，宽2-3μm，化学组成（wB％）为MgO17．143％-22．337％，Al2O3 63．646％～66．492％，FeO9．784％～13．924％，ZnO 1．649％-6．386wt％．Na2O 0．029％～0．219wt％。Na2O与ZnO在尖晶石中的含量呈正相关关系。经同步辐射测得其为尖晶石单晶，空间群为Fm3m，晶胞参数为a=0．83781am。根据尖晶石与钛铁矿、石榴石（pyr=56-58mol％）共生和石榴石退变为顽火辉石和镁绿泥石的特点，表明该尖晶石来自超镁铁岩，它们一起经历了至少为角闪岩相的变质作用。广泛的混溶间断现象及其所造成的出溶结构出现在氧化物中，表现为Mt-Usp、Mt-Spl及Mt-Ilm之间的交生。根据前人有关Mt-Usp和Ilm-Gk-Hem固溶体系的实验。表明主孔岩石的氧逸度相对较低，形成温度应在720℃以上。这些早期在岩浆分离结晶过程中形成的铁钛氧化物出溶体，在后来的超高压变质作用下可能发生再次固溶和因降温减压造成的出溶。     

Li-(Mg、Zn、Ni)钒酸盐三元体系相关系和结晶化学

对Li-(Mg、Zn、Ni)钒酸盐系统在500—800℃的相图研究发现:(Mg、Zn、Ni)V_2O_6和(Mg、Zn、Ni)_2V_2O_7,二个系统中都有两个主要固溶体,一个以NiV_2O_6(或Ni_2V_2O_7)为主结构,另一个在MgV_2O_6-ZnV_2O_6间形成完全连续型,Mg_2V_2O_7-Zn_2V_2O_7间为MgZnV_2O_7结构型。(Mg、Zn、Ni)_3V_2O_8系统中,整个就是一个固溶体,而Li(Mg、Zn、Ni)VO_4系统中,端员组分相互间也形成不同的固溶体。     

Certified Reference Materials of Copper, Lead and Zinc (Silver) Ore Rocks and Their Concentrates (GSO 1-7)

Sulfide mineral certified reference materials GSO 1-7, recently prepared by the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration (IGGE), were analysed by twelve laboratories. Various reliable analytical methods based on different principles were adopted and classical chemical methods were taken as the primary analytical methods, by which 5729 determinations were carried out, 1425 average data were obtained, and twenty one to twenty seven elements and components were certified.     

湖南锡铅锌矿勘查与社会经济可持续发展研究

湖南锡铅锌资源丰富，保有储量列全国第四位，是我国重要的锡铅锌矿工业基地之一，锡铅锌矿业对满足省内外消费需求、促进出口贸易、创造就业机会及发展相关产业起着十分重要的作用．然而，湖南锡铅锌资源保证程度不高，现有锡铅锌保有储量保证年限均在10a以下，很难满足日益增长的国内外需要．作者认为采取“合理部署国土资源大调查工作，加强老矿山周边及深渐找矿工作，建立矿业权市场、加大地勘投入，努力提高资源综合利用水平”等措施可应对社会经济可持续发展对锡铅锌勘查的挑战．     

Determination of Chromium, Nickel, Copper and Zinc in Milligram Samples of Geological Materials Using Isotope Dilution High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

A simple and accurate method for the determination of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn at μg g^?1 levels in milligram‐sized bulk silicate materials is reported using isotope dilution high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS) with a flow injection system. Silicate samples with Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn spikes were digested with HF‐HBr and Br₂, and subsequently decomposed at 518 K in a Teflon bomb. In this procedure, all sulfides and chromite, major hosts of these elements, were completely decomposed, thus allowing for isotope equilibration between the sample and spike. Magnesium and Al fluorides formed after the digestion of the sample were removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant was directly aspirated into a HR‐ICP‐MS at a mass resolution of 7500, where interfering oxide ions, ArO⁺, CaO⁺, TiO⁺, CrO⁺ and VO⁺, were separated from Cr⁺, Ni⁺, Cu⁺ and Zn⁺. No matrix effects were observed down to a dilution factor of 50. Detection limits for these elements in silicate samples were < 0.04 μg g^?1. The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated by the analysis of 13 to 40 mg test portions of USGS and GSJ silicate reference materials with a major element composition ranging from andesite to peridotite, in addition to 8‐23 mg of the Smithsonian reference Allende. Both the reproducibility and the deviation from the reference value for most reference materials of various rock types were < 9%, and thus confirm that the method gives accurate analytical results for small sample sizes over a wide range of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn contents. This method is, therefore, suitable for analysing small and/or precious bulk samples, such as meteorites, mantle peridotites and mineral separates, and for the characterisation of silicate and sulfide minerals for use as calibration samples in secondary ion mass spectrometry or laser ablation ICP‐MS.     

干旱区绿洲土壤共存重金属元素形态变化及生物有效性实验分析

采用盆栽试验,初步研究了干旱区绿洲土壤—胡萝卜系统中镉、锌、镍3种重金属的形态变化特征及其生物有效性问题。结果表明：供试绿洲土壤原状土中,Cd、Zn、Ni均以稳定的残渣态形式存在,而处理土壤中重金属被钝化的量有限,Cd的存在形式主要以碳酸盐态为主,Zn、Ni则主要以铁锰氧化态为主;3种元素的活性大小依次为Cd＞Ni＞Zn。根据回归分析,元素Zn对胡萝卜块茎和茎叶吸收Zn量贡献最大的分别是Zn的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态;元素Ni对胡萝卜各部位吸收贡献最大的均为Ni的铁锰氧化态。     

Zn/Cd ratios in calcsilicate-hosted sphalerite ores at Tumurtijn-ovoo, Mongolia

As other calcsilicate-hosted ore deposits the Tumurtijn-ovoo Fe–Mn–Zn deposit is subdued to the question how the ore elements took place, whether linked to epigenetic silicification of a limestone host or bound to syngenetic precipitation during the deposition of a calcareous-siliceous sediment. The comparison of high Zn/Cd ratios of ores from Tumurtijn-ovoo ranging from 514 to 724 with those of other ore deposits relates Tumurtijn-ovoo to the group of submarine hydrothermal deposits which got their ore elements from basaltic source rocks by subseafloor leaching. Hence, respecting geological and textural features of the ores, a synsedimentary precipitation of zinc and cadmium in a volcano-sedimentary environment is suggested for Tumurtijn-ovoo. A group of low Zn/Cd ratios (274–297) is correlated with processes of mobilization and redeposition of sphalerite.     

贵州省赫章县五里坪钼(铅锌)矿地质特征及成因浅析

贵州省赫章五里坪钼(铅锌)矿床是贵州省地矿局113地质队在80年代发现的一种新类型的钼(铅锌)矿床。该矿床属热液型多金属矿床,矿体产于石炭系下统摆佐组白云岩与上司组炭质粘土岩形成的层间破碎带和层间软弱带中,呈层状、似层状产出,矿体中除主要的钼(铅锌)元素外,其中的伴生元素镓、锗、银含量均较高,已达综合利用要求,具较好的开发利用价值。     

湖南江永铅锌矿床岩溶成矿构造系列及其演化

文章从解析已知矿体入手,认为江永铅锌矿床外接触带主矿体不是脉型矿体,而是岩溶型矿体。岩溶成矿构造受石磴子组中厚层灰岩控制。一组岩溶由两个岩厅组成,一个发育于２００～３２０ｍ标高,另一个发育于４００～５５０ｍ标高。根据近等距性原则,分别于已知岩溶型矿体（Ⅱ、Ⅲ）的南、北两侧预测了Ⅰ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ号岩溶组。建立了岩溶成矿构造系列、结构及坑睛鉴别标志,并探讨了岩溶的形成与演化。预测结论与物探激电异常结果吻合。