下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育特征及主控因素

为了研究下扬子地区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙结构特征,联合扫描电镜、高压压汞、N₂/CO₂气体吸附实验手段对页岩储层孔隙结构进行了研究。结果表明,研究区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙类型以有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝为主;孔隙结构为多峰态-多尺度孔隙并存,微孔-介孔-宏孔都有发育,各个尺度的孔隙对孔容都有所贡献,其中以0.75～1.5 nm的微孔、10～35 nm的介孔及大于100 nm的宏孔为主。通过拟合孔体积、比表面积与埋深、有机碳(TOC)、成熟度(R_O)以及矿物含量的相关性发现,微孔表面积与埋深、TOC呈正相关;微介孔体积和表面积均与R_O呈负相关;宏孔体积与埋深、TOC、黏土矿物含量呈负相关,与R_O呈较正相关;宏孔表面积与埋深成正比,与R_O成反比。研究结果说明下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育主要受控于埋深、TOC、R_O、黏土矿物含量等因素。     

Helcionelloids from the Cambrian Fortunian of the Northern Yangtze Platform, China

A study of the morphological and microstructural characteristics of helcionelloids from the Nanjiang area (north Sichuan, China) at the northern Yangtze Platform was undertaken, in order to understand their phylogenetic position. Helcionelloids fossils from the Kuanchuanpu Formation of the Changtanhe–Maolinzi section include 7 genera and 11 species. There are distinct differences in the degree of shell bending, the apical morphology and apex position, the outline of the aperture and the height of the shell, all of which constitute important identification features. Although helcionelloid apices exhibit varying degrees of rotation towards the aperture, they do not show any signs of evident distortion. A pair of basally-symmetrical muscle scars are discovered on the shells of helcionelloids (such as Bemella simplex), showing a distinct difference when compared with those of the stem-group gastropod (e.g., Pelagiella). The prismatic shell layer of helcionelloids has been observed, which are common components in Cambrian molluscs, but differ significantly from the dense layer microstructure found in contemporary molluscs. The microstructures, muscle scars and morphological characteristics demonstrate that helcionelloids represent a stem-group of molluscs.     

Determination of the early Paleozoic accretionary complex in Southwestern Yunnan,China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean

Accretionary complex study provides important knowledge on the subduction and the geodynamic processes of the oceanic plate, which represents the ancient ocean basin extinction location. Nevertheless, there exist many disputes on the age, material source, and tectonic attribute of the Lancang Group, located in Southwest Yunnan, China. In this paper, the LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U–Pb chronology of nine metamorphic rocks in the Lancang Group was carried out. The U–Pb ages of the three detrital zircons mainly range from 590–550 Ma, 980–910 Ma, and 1150–1490 Ma, with the youngest detrital zircons having a peak age of about 560 Ma. The U–Pb ages of the six detrital zircons mainly range from 440–460 Ma and 980–910 Ma, and the youngest detrital zircon has a peak age of about 445 Ma. In the Lancang Group, metamorphic acidic volcanic rocks, basic volcanic rocks, intermediate-acid intrusive rocks, and high-pressure metamorphic rocks are exposed in the form of tectonic lens in schist, rendering typical melange structural characteristics of “block + matrix”. Considering regional deformation and chronology, material composition characteristics, and the previous data, this study thinks the Lancang Group may be an early Paleozoic tectonic accretionary complex formed by the eastward subduction of the Changning-Menglian Proto-Tethys Ocean, which provides an important constraint for the Tethys evolution.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

扬子北缘奥陶纪—志留纪之交泥岩地球化学特征及其源区、构造背景

近年来,扬子地块北缘奥陶纪—志留纪之交沉积构造背景一直存在不同认识。本文对渝东北城口厚坪五峰组—龙马溪组砂、泥岩进行系统采样和主、微量元素测试分析,从地球化学特征角度,来探讨该时期砂、泥岩物源源区及其构造环境。地球化学特征显示,五峰组—龙马溪组砂、泥岩主量元素SiO2含量为39.57%～87.16%,多数高于北美页岩,Al2O3含量为3.41%～14.98%,均低于北美页岩,MgO、CaO、MnO2和P2O5含量明显低于北美页岩,相比于四川盆地川南长宁—双河五峰组—龙马溪组泥岩,渝东北城口具有高SiO2和低MgO、CaO的特点,表明城口五峰组—龙马溪组泥岩碎屑组分主要以粉砂质和硅质等陆缘碎屑为主;微量元素Sc、Sr、Co、Zr、Hf较北美页岩相对亏损,V、U、Sb、Ba相对富集,Cr、Ni、Nb、Ta含量相近。稀土元素北美页岩标准化均表现为略微向右倾斜的配分模式,多数具有δCe负异常,观音桥段和龙马溪组δEu正异常指示了该时期存在海底热液活动。砂、泥岩主、微量元素的物源和构造背景图解表明沉积物源区源岩具有多样的物质组分,以长英质岩为主,同时混入了花岗质和安山质岩石组分;源岩形成时的构造背景主要为被动陆缘环境,少数为活动陆缘和大陆岛弧环境,这一结果与扬子地块北缘新元古代—早古生代处于被动大陆边缘的区域地质背景一致。     

上扬子西南待补地区飞仙关组年代学、岩石地球化学及其对Rodinia超大陆构造演化的指示

晚二叠世以来受印支造山运动及峨眉山玄武岩喷发事件的影响,上扬子西南缘地区沉积物源及沉积模式发生了重大改变,引发学术界热议.本文以上扬子西南待补地区下三叠统飞仙关组碎屑岩为例,从岩相学、岩石地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学等方面对飞仙关组源岩属性、物源、沉积及构造环境进行约束.飞仙关组碎屑岩整体成熟度较低,岩石风化程度中等,源区曾经历过持续的构造抬升剥蚀,并于早三叠世扬子西南缘浅海-滨海相的氧化环境中沉积.其碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中在257±2.9 Ma,与晚二叠世峨眉山玄武岩主喷发时限一致,岩石地球化学特征表现出与峨眉山高钛玄武岩高度一致,指示飞仙关组主要物源区为近源的峨眉山大火成岩省,源岩主要为板内拉张环境形成的峨眉山高钛玄武岩,并在玄武质岩浆上涌过程中混染了少量扬子陆块古老结晶基底成分.此外,康滇古陆及扬子克拉通也提供了部分物源,主要为Rodinia超大陆汇聚及裂解背景下产生的岩浆岩.年代学证据显示,Rodinia超大陆汇聚及裂解事件在区内具有较好的沉积物源响应,为全球性Rodinia超大陆汇聚及裂解事件的时限约束提供了重要参考依据.     

白云鄂博地区早前寒武纪基底岩浆作用和变质作用:锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和LA-MC-ICPMS Hf同位素分析

白云鄂博位于华北克拉通北缘,是阴山地块的重要组成部分。本文对该区变质基底的5个花岗质岩石样品进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得了2.63Ga和1.89~2.20Ga的岩浆锆石年龄以及2.47~2.51Ga和1.86~1.94Ga的变质锆石年龄。新太古代早期片麻状英云闪长岩的岩浆锆石ε_Hf(t)值和t_DM2(CC)(Hf)年龄分别为3.57~8.36和2.59~2.88Ga,古元古代中晚期花岗质岩石的岩浆锆石ε_Hf(t)值和t_DM2(CC)(Hf)年龄分别为-17.20~8.58和2.11~3.70Ga。变质锆石与岩浆锆石具有类似的Hf同位素组成。结合前人研究成果,表明:白云鄂博地区存在新太古代早期到古元古代晚期岩浆作用;在每一岩浆作用过程中,地幔添加和壳内再循环都起了重要作用;白云鄂博地区变质基底经历了新太古代晚期-古元古代早期和古元古代晚期构造热事件;阴山地块与南侧孔兹岩带具有类似的早前寒武纪地质演化历史。     

阴山陆块南缘新太古代末岩浆弧的向西延伸:来自乌拉特中旗和乌拉特后旗地质年代学和地球化学的证据

阴山陆块出露了较为完整的新太古代末TTG(奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩-英云闪长岩)岩系、绿岩带和麻粒岩-紫苏花岗岩等高级地体,是研究华北克拉通这一时期构造背景的热点地区,尤以固阳-武川地区(基底出露最好)最为典型,但其它地区的研究则相对薄弱。本文对固阳-武川、乌拉特中旗和乌拉特后旗变质中酸性岩和斜长角闪岩进行了岩石学、地球化学、年代学及锆石Hf同位素的相关研究,对这三个地区新太古代末不同类型变质岩浆岩的成因及构造背景做出了初步的限定。固阳-武川和乌拉特中旗地区的变质中酸性岩形成时代为2491～2545Ma,变质时代为2485Ma。原始地幔标准化蛛网图中均表现出明显的Nb、Ta、Ti和HREE亏损以及Pb、Th和U的富集。在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图中轻重稀土中等-强分异((La/Yb)_N=3.99～119.9),重稀土分异较小((Gd/Yb)_N=1.32～5.20)。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)主体在+0.9到+7.1范围内,t_(DM)~C主体在2.67Ga至3.03Ga范围内,表明变质中酸性岩石原岩的母岩浆主体来自中-新太古代古老地壳的再循环,也有少量新生地壳物质的加入。乌拉特后旗地区的斜长角闪岩形成时代为2495～2527Ma,原始地幔标准化蛛网图中均表现出明显Nb、Ta和Ti的亏损,Rb、Pb、Th和U的富集。在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图中轻重稀土中等分异((La/Yb)_N=9.49～14.2),重稀土相对平坦((Gd/Yb)_N=1.81～2.19)。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为+1.7～+6.3,单阶段模式年龄为2.62～2.73Ga,指示其主要来自新太古代末亏损地幔。在总结前人阴山陆块南缘新太古代末岩浆岩的地球化学与同位素数据的基础上,我们认为这期岩浆事件是与俯冲相关的岩浆作用,其范围不仅局限于固阳-武川地区,可以向西南延伸350km至乌拉特后旗地区。     

Biodiversity changes of the Ordovician trilobites in the middle Yangtze region of South China

The biodiversity changes of trilobites in the middle Yangtze region of South China in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and the end-Ordovician mass extinction have been analysed. The Ordovician trilobites in this region originated in the early Tremadocian and radiated from the late Floian to the early Katian. Two peaks of diversity appeared in the late Dapingian to the early Darriwilian and the early Katian. The extinction occurred in the late Katian, followed by a survival period in the Hirnantian. The Whiterock fauna began to surpass the Ibex fauna during the early Katian and were dominant by the late Katian to the Hirnantian, indicating that Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna was gradually replaced. The study once again confirms the view that the effects of factors such as sea level, climate, oxygen content, nutrient supply, and tectogenesis differ temporally and to different degrees in different regions, resulting in differences in the vertical sequence and horizontal combination of ecosystems, which is the reason for the different evolution patterns of Ordovician trilobites in different regions.     

四川盆地下奥陶统桐梓组白云岩多元成因

四川盆地下奥陶统桐梓组白云岩的成因研究较少,模式存在多样性,尚未达成共识.通过系统的岩心观察、薄片鉴定、地球化学分析等方法,在四川盆地桐梓组识别出晶粒白云岩、颗粒白云岩和含石英白云岩及含白云质石英砂岩等与白云石相关的岩石类型.地球化学分析揭示不同类型白云岩具有不同的地球化学特征及白云石化机理,晶粒白云岩的MgO含量与CaO含量呈现出明显的正相关性,具有相对高的δ18O_PDB值、δ13C_PDB值、Sr值及较高的Mg/Ca比值,Fe、Mn含量较低,为准同生期蒸发泵白云石化成因;A类含石英白云岩及含白云质石英砂岩具有与晶粒白云岩相似的地球化学特征,也主要为准同生期白云石化成因;颗粒白云岩的MgO含量与CaO含量表现出弱负相关性,δ13C_PDB值和δ18O_PDB值与同期海水碳、氧同位素值分布范围基本一致,Sr含量相对较高,为回流渗透白云石化成因;B类含石英白云岩及含白云质石英砂岩只在研究区靠近物源的局部地区发育,其MgO含量与CaO含量呈正相关,δ13C_PDB值和δ18O_PDB值表现为明显负偏,与其他两类白云岩相比具有较高的Al₂O₃、Fe、Mn含量和相对较低的Sr含量,且受到陆源碎屑混入的影响,认为是混合水白云石化成因.四川盆地桐梓组具有3种白云石化机理共存的特征,总体继承了上寒武统白云石化机理.      

重大水利工程对长江中下游干流河槽和岸线地质环境影响研究

本文主要采取历史水下地形和水位数据分析、干流河槽现场测量、室内测试和综合评价等方法对重大水利工程影响长江中下游干流河槽和岸线进行了分析和研究,取得如下新进展：（1）创新构建了一套多模态传感器系统,实现陆上和水下一体化水动力、沉积和地貌特征测量与数据采集。（2）调查研究发现,长江干流河槽冲刷强烈,岸线窝崩、条崩发育。（3）悬沙和床沙粗化,河床阻力下降,发育侵蚀型链珠状沙波,长江大桥主桥墩冲刷严重。（4）潮区界显著上移,潮区界变动河段地貌发生重要变化。在此基础上,研究认为应该加强长江中下游干流河槽、沿岸高陡岸坡、支流入汇干流河口、崩岸以及跨江大桥桥墩冲刷等调查、监测和成因机理分析。上述研究成果对长江岸滩防护和修复、航道整治、沿岸防洪、长江大桥桥墩维护等具有重要意义。