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71.
Based on ammonites, Upper Kimmeridgian sediments are first established in the Crimean Mountains. The Kimmeridgian-Tithonian boundary recognizable in a continuous section is placed inside the Dvuyakomaya Formation of uniform largely clayey sediments. Assemblages of Kimmeridgian ammonites Lingulaticeras cf. procurvum (Ziegler), Pseudowaagenia gemmellariana Oloriz, Euvirgalithacoceras cf. tantalus (Herbich), Subplanites sp.) and Tithonian forms (?Lingulaticeras efimovi (Rogov), Phylloceras consaguineum Gemmellaro, Oloriziceras cf. schneidi Tavera, and Paraulacosphinctes cf. transitorius (Oppel) are described. A new biostratigraphic scheme proposed for the upper Tithonian-Berriasian of the Crimean Mountains includes the following new biostratigraphic units: the Euvirgalithacoceras cf. tantalus Beds of the upper Kimmeridgian, ?Lingulaticeras efimovi Beds of the lower Tithonian, and Oloriziceras cf. schneidi and Paraulacosphinctes cf. transitorius beds of the upper Tithonian. The middle Tithonian is proposed to consist of the fallauxi and semiforme (presumably) zones. The ammonities found determine the early Kimmeridgian-Berriasian age of the Dvuyakornaya Formation that is most likely in tectonic contact with the underlying Khutoran Formation. 相似文献
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In the central part of the internal Western Alps, widespread multidirectional normal faulting resulted in an orogen-scale radial extension during the Neogene. We revisit the frontal Piémont units, between Doire and Ubaye, where contrasting lithologies allow analysing the interference with the N–S trending Oligocene compressive structures. A major extensional structure is the orogen-perpendicular Chenaillet graben, whose development was guided by an E–W trending transfer fault zone between the Chaberton backfold to the north and the Rochebrune backthrust to the south. The Chaberton hinge zone was passively crosscut by planar normal faults, resulting in a E–W trending step-type structure. Within the Rochebrune nappe, E–W trending listric normal faults bound tilted blocks that slipped northward along the basal backthrust surface reactivated as an extensional detachment. Gravity-driven gliding is suggested by the general northward tilting of the structure in relation with the collapse of the Chenaillet graben. The stress tensors computed from brittle deformation analysis confirm the predominance of orogen-parallel extension in the entire frontal Piémont zone. This can be compared with the nearby Briançonnnais nappe stack where the extensional reactivation of thrust surfaces locally resulted in prominent orogen-perpendicular extension. Such a contrasting situation illustrates how the main direction of the late-Alpine extension may be regionally governed by the nature and orientation of the pre-existing structures inherited from the main collision stage. 相似文献
74.
Skier-triggered avalanches are the main cause of avalanche accidents in backcountry skiing. The risk of accidents during backcountry
skiing was analysed statistically and related to factors such as elevation level, aspect, stability rating and the time of
the year. The analysis is based on a database about terrain usage and avalanche accidents from a large heli-skiing operator
in Canada, which makes it possible to study the conditional probability of accidents given the recorded pattern of terrain
usage. This study shows that the historical risk of accidentally triggering an avalanche greater than size 1 depends highly
on the stability rating, with the highest risk occurring during “poor” stability. The risk is greater at high elevations,
and it is lower during the late season than earlier on. Skier risk does not depend as much on aspect as may be indicated from
avalanche data alone. However, it is relatively high in the N–NE–E sector. These factors are not independent of each other
and therefore analyses of combined factors were also performed. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gain knowledge
about the terrain selection of professional mountain guides. These results indicate that when selecting terrain, guides first
look at the overall shape and size of the terrain, but avalanche history of terrain and inclination are also important factors.
Finally, remarks in avalanche reports were analysed, and common human factors identified. 相似文献
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西昆仑山东段库牙克断裂与康西瓦断裂、阿尔金断裂关系的地球化学证据 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
新疆昆仑山中部库牙克地区,处于不同大地构造单元的结合部位,一些重要构造线均交会于此,确定它们之间的关系,关键在于库牙克断裂。1:20万区域化探最新成果显示,库牙克地区绝大多数元素两分性特征突出、南北差异明显,北部整体富集MgO、K2O、Na2O、Al2O3、CaO、Cr、Ni、Co、V、Ti、Au、La、Be,而贫Hg、As、Sb、B、Li,南部正好相反。两者之间的分界线从东向西依次对应于阿尔金断裂西段、库牙克断裂、阿什库勒断裂和康西瓦断裂东端。因此,从地球化学角度对库牙克断裂的延伸进行了推断,提出库牙克断裂东连阿尔金、西经阿什库勒与康西瓦断裂相接的新认识。 相似文献
78.
大别山及苏鲁地区微粒金刚石分类及其大地构造意义 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
1992年发现大别山首例微粒金刚石之后,又于2003年和2004年在大别山和苏鲁地区的榴辉岩薄片中和榴辉岩的人工重砂中发现了微粒金刚石。本文报道其中尚未发表的7颗,并对2颗较大的薄片中的微粒金刚石和2颗自由晶体金刚石进行拉曼光谱和红外光谱测试。研究结果表明,本区所有微粒金刚石都为IaA和IaB型金刚石的混合体。缺少Ib型金刚石,表明没有人造金刚石的混入。薄片中的金刚石大部分为石榴子石的包裹体,少数产出于颗粒之间,直径为30-180μm。自由颗粒微粒金刚石直径为400-700μm。在大别山北部,不但又一次找到了微粒金刚石,还在石榴子石中发现有单斜辉石、磷灰石和金红石的出溶。这表明北大剐不但是超高压地质体,而且可能是本区俯冲最深的地质体。 相似文献
79.
中国西部空中水汽分布结构特征 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
利用1958-1997年月平均NCEP比湿资料研究了中国西部空中水汽分布特征。结果表明:水汽的垂直分布结构非常相似,850hPa以上的水汽分布中心位于青藏高原上空,5-10月水汽含量主要集中在500hPa以下,其中7月的空中水汽含量最丰沛。水汽含量随高度减少,从季节变化来分析,夏季最大、秋季次之、冬季最小。40a的水汽年代际变化表明,夏季空中水汽含量呈现线性下降趋势,特别是20世纪90年代以来更明显;冬季比湿呈线性上升趋势,1月和7月比湿的年代际变化趋势呈反位相特征。 相似文献
80.