M agmatic Gold Mineralization in the Western Qinling Orogenic Belt: Geology and Metallogenesis of the Baguamiao,Liba and Xiaogouli Gold Deposits

The superlarge Baguamiao, large Liba and Xiaogouli gold deposits represent three typical gold deposits different from the Carlin type in the western Qinling Orogenic Belt. Based on Ar-Ar dating of quartz from ores, U-Pb dating of single zircon from granite, tracing of H and O isotopes and studies on the mineralogy and texture of spots and bleached alteration developed in wall rocks, this paper focuses the relations between gold deposits and granite to clarify the origin of gold deposits and the metallogenesis in the tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt. The comprehensive studies show that the age of the granite (148.1-244 Ma) is identical with that of the gold deposits (131.91-232.56 Ma). It is suggested that the granite has close temporal, spatial and genetic relationship with the gold deposits. The granite provides a heat source, water source and considerable amount of ore-forming material. Finally, it is concluded that the orogeny by collision, emplacement of the granite and positioning of     

The Effect of Sweeping Secular Resonances on the Classical Kuiper Belt

Abstract The Kuiper Belt is a disk of small icy objects orbiting the Sun beyond Neptune. The region between 40-48AU in this disk is supposed to consist of dynamical “cold” objects on low-inclination orbits and is called the “Classical Kuiper Belt”. Recent observations reveal that there is a “hot” population with inclinations being as large as 30? residing in this region. Secular resonance sweeping, which took place in the late stage of formation of the planetary system when the residual nebula gas was dispersing, is a possible mechanism that can excite the orbits in this region. In this paper, we investigate in detail the excitation of orbital inclination by this mechanism. It is shown that the excitation depends sensitively on the angle δ between the midplane of the nebula gas and the invariable plane of the solar system. The excitation is very small when δ = 0?, but if the gas midplane coincides with the ecliptic, i.e. if δ ≈ 1.6?, then objects in the region of classical Kuiper belt can be excited to orbital inclinations as high as 30?, provided the nebula gas has the proper initial density and disperses at a proper rate. We also considered the orbital excitation by secular resonance sweeping with Jupiter on an inclined orbit and with migrating Jovian planets, and found the excitation is only slightly affected.     

Kuiper带天体的原始分布模拟

用包括太阳、8颗大行星、冥王星和UB313以及无质量实验粒子在内的N体问题的天体动力学模型,取当前观测的天体轨道根数为初始条件,对具有确定轨道根数的551个Kuiper主带内的小天体进行了10亿年的轨道反演数值模拟.结果显示:当前观测的这些Kuiper 天体中的1/3以上在10亿年前就位于该区域,少部分位于海王星轨道之内,其他在5OAU之外;在4.5亿年前,整个Kuiper主带内的天体呈较好的正态分布,海王星3:2共振带内没有像今天这样的天体聚集现象.     

大别山北缘凤凰台组砾石地球化学特征及源区构造环境

根据大别山北缘合肥盆地凤凰台组暨毛坦厂组中的榴辉岩、角闪岩、斜长片麻岩等砾石地球化学研究,SiO2含量为43.31%～57.35%,原岩主要为古橄玄武岩-玄武岩-玄武安山岩-玄武粗安岩组成的火山岩,其次为斜长岩和辉绿玢岩等侵入岩.与原始地幔相比,岩石具有LILE富集、Nb-Ta负异常槽明显、Ti强烈亏损等特征.它们可能属于一个由苦橄玄武岩、拉斑玄武岩、英安岩和流纹岩等组成的火山弧,是一个SSZ型岛弧.砾石原岩与北大别杂岩("古岛弧根带")中的镁铁-超镁铁岩带、片麻岩等有成因上的联系.砾石主要不是直接来源于现在遭受剥露的"古岛弧根带",而可能是来自上部的火山弧.     

赣杭构造带红层盆地原型及其沉积作用

盆地原型是指盆地沉积时的构造属性类型,盆地原型分析就是按阶段的盆地结构分析法。文章暂不讨论赣杭带晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期的火山杂色断陷盆地,而以实地观察资料和前期研究成果,对早白垩世晚期以后形成的一系列NEE方向分布的红色断陷盆地及其沉积作用进行综合分析。盆地红层下部夹有玄武岩层,已有的K-Ar年龄值为 105~98Ma,由此判断赣杭带红色断陷盆地演化从早白垩世晚期开始。早期属典型的断陷盆地,呈现半地堑式形态,北界为向南倾斜的正断层,南界为超覆不整合。晚白垩世中后期演变为拗陷盆地,沉积盆地扩大,南北两侧均见到超覆不整合,北侧部分地段保留早期断裂边界。河流沉积作用为最主要沉积作用方式,盆地中心部位可见少量内生沉积的白云岩、泥灰岩及炭质泥岩。沉积组合大致为湖泊相、冲积扇相、三角洲相及河流相,代表了拉张型盆地的基本沉积类型,也反映了断陷湖盆由初始拉张断陷、中后期扩张为拗陷、到最后萎缩的完整过程。     

湖南新宁星子岩锑矿流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

湖南新宁县星子岩锑矿位于钦杭结合带中段湘中盆地内,脉状矿体受NE向硅化破碎带控制,直接容矿围岩为下寒武统香楠组碳质板岩和硅质板岩。文中对星子岩锑矿进行系统的矿物生成序列研究,将成矿过程分为两期3个阶段,即沉积期以碳质板岩内球状黄铁矿为代表,热液期早阶段脉状辉锑矿石英脉(局部夹围岩角砾)和晚阶段辉锑矿方解石脉。为进一步限定其成因,选取热液期与辉锑矿共生的早阶段石英和晚阶段的方解石进行流体包裹体研究。包裹体岩相学研究表明,热液期石英和方解石内广泛发育流体包裹体,主要类型为纯H2O型和CO2-H2O型流体包裹体。激光拉曼测试表明,CO2-H2O型包裹体气相主要成分为CO2,液相主要成分为H2O。显微测温过程中,当降温时可见CO2-H2O型包裹体由气液两相变为三相,其初熔温度为-60.0~-56.6 ℃,CO2部分均一温度为3.7~28.5 ℃,完全均一温度介于113~266 ℃,CO2笼合物熔化温度为3.0~9.6 ℃,对应的流体盐度w(NaCleqv.)为0.8%~12.0%。星子岩锑矿流体包裹体的中低温、低盐度和含CO2的特征与造山型金矿的变质流体成矿特征相吻合。综合星子岩锑矿的成矿大地构造背景、矿床地质和成矿流体特征,星子岩锑矿的精细成矿过程为：钦杭结合带在印支-燕山期发生强烈的陆壳叠置作用,富碳质含黄铁矿的寒武系地层发生变质变形脱挥发分作用,形成中低温、低盐度、富CO2和富集锑元素的变质热液;变质热液向上运移过程中,温度压力降低发生相分离,导致CO2逸失和流体沸腾作用,大量辉锑矿沉淀,最终形成有经济价值的矿体。湖南星子岩锑矿的矿床地质特征和成矿过程与造山型金矿一致,因此其成因类型为造山型锑矿。     

Neoproterozoic granitic gneiss offshore the Shandong Peninsula of Eastern China: the eastward extension of the Sulu Orogenic Belt

The Sulu Orogenic Belt in eastern China has experienced a multistage tectonic evolutionary history. However, its geological evolution has not yet been corroborated by sufficient direct evidence from basement rocks. Chaolian Island on the Qianliyan Uplift provides an opportunity to study the formation and evolution of the Sulu Orogenic Belt using direct geochronological and geochemical evidence. We determined that the characteristic mineral assemblage in the study region is quartz + K-feldspar + perthite + biotite + muscovite. The samples are silica- (SiO₂ = 72.8%–75.8%) and alkali-rich (ALK(Na₂O+K₂O) = 8.7%–9.3%), with high iron-magnesium ratios (FeO*/(FeO*+MgO) = 0.92–0.96) and low CaO and MgO concentrations. Furthermore, they are rich in large-ion lithophile elements K, Rb, Ba, and U, but depleted in high field strength elements Nb, Ta, and Zr. They exhibit high Ga/Al values (Ga × 10⁴/Al = 3.33–3.74) and significant fractionation between light and heavy rare earth elements. The samples are A-type granites. In the discrimination diagrams for granite genesis types, the samples plotted in the post-orogenic A2-type granite region. Secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) zircon U–Pb dating results indicated that the granitic gneiss formed ~782.6–802.3 Ma (Middle Neoproterozoic), consistent with the timing of the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent on the northeastern margin of the Yangtze Plate. Comparing geochemical characteristics and zircon U–Pb ages of the A-type granitic gneisses of the Sulu Orogenic Belt, the Qianliyan Uplift appears to be an extension of the belt across the ocean and is affiliated with the Yangtze Plate. The granitic gneiss on Chaolian Island is related to the formation of a mantle superplume during the breakup of Rodinia, and the northeastern margin of the Yangtze Plate during the Middle Neoproterozoic was located in a back-arc extension setting induced by the subduction of oceanic plates.     

胶-辽-吉带辽东宽甸地区古元古代二长(正长)花岗质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成因

古元古代二长(正长)花岗质片麻岩在胶-辽-吉构造带广泛出露,是构成胶-辽-吉带的最主要物质组成。2件中细粒二长花岗质片麻岩样品及1件正长花岗质片麻岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,它们分别形成于2.17Ga和2.33Ga,代表两期花岗质岩浆事件,并经历了约1.89Ga的变质作用。这些花岗质岩石具高硅(SiO_2=71.68%~76.38%),富铁(Fe_2O_3+FeO=1.61%~4.35%)及全碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.57%~9.3%),K_2O/Na_2O比值大于1,贫钙(CaO=0.2%~1.6%)、镁(MgO=0.05%~0.24%,Mg#=3.82~13.0)、磷(P_2O_5=0.01%~0.06%)及钛(TiO_2=0.12%~0.4%)的特征;它们具有较高的稀土元素总量(ΣREE=104×10~(-6)~440×10~(-6)),具有轻微的轻重稀土分异,(La/Yb)_N比值在2~11之间,具明显的铕负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.30~1.18,平均值为0.56),具有低Sr(大部分100×10~(-6))、Rb(62.8×10~(-6)~187×10~(-6))、Cr及Ni含量,高的Zr(250×10~(-6))及Yb(2×10~(-6))含量,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y平均值为506×10~(-6),10000×Ga/Al值大于2.7;微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网模式图显示,富集Rb、U、K、Zr、Hf等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr及Ti等元素;它们属铁质、准铝质至弱过铝质、碱钙-钙碱性系列,全岩锆饱和温度大于800℃,属A2型花岗岩;结合胶-辽-吉带内古元古代花岗质片麻岩的全岩Nd及锆石Hf同位素研究结果,指示这些古元古代A型花岗岩可能形成于高温低压的伸展构造背景下,大陆物质(TTG岩石)的部分熔融。暗示胶-辽-吉带可能经历了古元古代早期多阶段的陆壳伸展拉张,并形成初始洋盆,然后再到洋-陆俯冲、陆(弧)-陆碰撞的演化过程。     

粤西-桂东四套成矿系统地质特征、成因类型及构造启示

粤西-桂东地区是我国重要的矿产资源基地,是研究区域成矿作用和大地构造演化耦合关系的理想地区。本文基于粤西-桂东地区四套主要成矿系统的地质特征的研究,结合区域内矿床精确定年和构造演化的研究成果,探讨四套主要成矿系统的成因类型、成矿构造背景及其对钦杭结合带构造演化的启示。其中,广东云浮硫铁矿产于震旦系大绀山组,块状和条带状矿石呈层状产于火山沉积岩系中,是一套与海底热液活动密切相关的VMS成矿系统,形成于新元古代俯冲相关的弧后(间)拉张盆地;盘龙铅锌矿产于泥盆系上伦组,角砾状和胶状矿石产于浅海相白云质碎屑岩中,是一套加里东期被动大陆边缘的SEDEX型铅锌成矿系统;河台金矿田赋存于震旦系乐昌组,脉状矿体严格受断裂和蚀变带控制,是一套变质热液主导的造山型金矿成矿系统,形成于印支-燕山期陆内走滑或陆陆碰撞背景;圆珠顶铜钼矿床形成与燕山期(155Ma)二长花岗斑岩密切相关,细脉浸染状矿石赋存于岩体的内外接触带,是一套陆内伸展背景的斑岩铜钼成矿系统。总体而言,粤西-桂东地区经历了新元古代俯冲、加里东期被动大陆边缘、印支期陆内走滑(或陆陆碰撞)和燕山期陆内伸展四个重要的构造事件,这与钦杭结合带总体构造演化过程一致。     

内蒙达里诺尔火山群晚第四纪火山地质特征与岩浆裂隙通道研究

达里诺尔火山群位于中亚造山带中部以及大兴安岭-太行山重力梯度带中部的西侧。该区拥有上百座第四纪火山,其中不乏全新世仍有过喷发的年轻火山。本文选取以鸽子山、锡塔特乌拉等形成时代最晚,推测形成于中更新世晚期至全新世的晚第四纪火山作为研究对象,从火山锥形貌和定向排列两方面推断岩浆补给裂隙通道的几何特征。结果发现,这些火山具有较为一致的NE和NEE两个方向的裂隙通道。这些方向与区域构造最大主压应力方向相近。本文提出在NE向区域主压应力作用下,在研究区域发生NEE走向的左行剪压走滑。在这个走滑带上,瑞德尔断裂提供岩浆补给裂隙通道。而局部连通瑞德尔断裂的断裂提供了NEE向通道。