CCSD主孔榴辉岩中金红石微量元素特征：LA-ICPMS分析及其意义

对中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）主孔200~1005m范围内8件榴辉岩样品的金红石进行了LA-ICPMS原位微区微量元素分析,结合前人已发表的全岩和金红石分析数据,研究结果发现：在不同类型榴辉岩中,金红石的微量元素与其全岩成分具有不同的相关关系。金红石中的Nb和Ta元素含量不同程度地受控于全岩Nb和Ta含量。在高钛和低镁钛榴辉岩中,金红石的Cr与全岩Cr/TiO₂正相关;在富镁榴辉岩中,金红石的Cr含量受全岩MgO含量的控制;在高钛和富镁榴辉岩中,全岩成分明显影响着金红石的Zr含量,金红石Zr温度计可能不适用。低镁钛榴辉岩的金红石的平衡温度普遍低于榴辉岩峰期变质温度,可能是变质流体参与下的扩散作用和退变质作用所致;多数情况下,单个样品中大部分金红石颗粒的Zr含量是均匀的,金红石Zr温度计所给出的温度可能代表着退变质再平衡的温度;CCSD榴辉岩的全岩Nb/Ta比值普遍低于其中金红石的Nb/Ta比值,不支持金红石榴辉岩可能是地球上超球粒陨石Nb/Ta比值储库的观点。     

新疆尼勒克县松湖铁矿床黄铁矿的特征和微量元素地球化学

松湖铁矿床位于阿吾拉勒地区东部,矿体呈层状产在石炭系阿吾拉勒组火山岩-火山碎屑岩建造中。微量元素地球化学特征显示,松湖铁矿床赋矿围岩形成于岛弧构造环境。松湖铁矿床含有草莓黄铁矿、他形-半自形黄铁矿（含有大量黄铁矿化生物遗骸）和钴黄铁矿三种不同成因的黄铁矿。铁成矿前沉积成因草莓黄铁矿受成矿热液影响发生重结晶,其钴含量及Co/Ni比值明显增大。铁成矿期的他形-半自形黄铁矿和伴生的黄铁矿化生物遗骸具有相对较高的钴含量和Co/Ni比值,显示其成矿流体与火山活动有密切的成因联系,松湖铁矿床后期叠加了铜-钴矿化作用,形成了大量的黄铜矿和钴黄铁矿。钴黄铁矿的钴含量＞1%,Co/Ni比值＞26,显示该矿床铜、钴的富集过程与后期火山作用有关,该矿床是一个与火山岩有关的沉积型铁矿床,其形成温度为270~325℃。     

Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore‐bearing Intrusions with Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region,Southwestern China

There are two types of temporally and spatially associated intrusions within the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP); namely, small ultramafic subvolcanic sills that host magmatic Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element (PGE)-bearing sulfide deposits and large mafic layered intrusions that host giant Ti-V magnetite deposits in the Panxi region. However, except for their coeval ages, the genetic relations between the ore-bearing intrusions and extrusive rocks are poorly understood. Phase equilibria analysis (Q-Pl-Ol-Opx-Cpx system) has been carried out to elucidate whether ore-bearing Panzhihua, Xinjie and Limahe intrusions are co-magmatic with the picrites and flood basalts (including high-Ti, low-Ti and alkali basalts), respectively. In this system, the parental magma can be classified as silica-undersaturated olivine basalt and silica-saturated tholeiite. The equivalents of the parental magma of the Xinjie and Limahe peridotites and picrites and low-Ti basalts are silica-undersaturated, whereas the Limahe gabbro-diorites and high-Ti basalts are silica-saturated. In contrast, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be alkali character. Phase equilibria relations clearly show that the magmas that formed the Panzhihua intrusion and high-Ti basalts cannot be co-magmatic as there is no way to derive one liquid from another by fractional crystallization. On the other hand, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be related to Permian alkali intrusions in the region, but does not appear to be related to the alkali basalts recognized in the Longzhoushan lava stratigraphy. Comparably, the Limahe intrusion appears to be a genetic relation to the picrites, whereas the Xinjie intrusion may be genetically related to be low-Ti basalts. Additionally, the gabbro-diorites and peridotites of the Limahe intrusion are not co-magmatic, and the former appears to be derived liquid from high-Ti basalts.     

Lithogenic concentrations of trace metals in soils and saprolites over crystalline basement rocks: A case study from SW Nigeria

In this study, an assessment of the lithogenic concentrations of trace metals in soils and saprolite over basement rock units in Ibadan, SW-Nigeria is presented in respect of bedrock types and geochemical controls on the weathering-associated release of trace metals. Consequently, soil, weathered and fresh rock samples from the Precambrian Basement of SW Nigeria were collected from three different bedrock units within Ibadan metropolis and subjected to mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The analytical results revealed major proportions of oxides in the range of 18–20% Al₂O₃, 2–6% Na₂O and 1–6% K₂O for weathered profiles over granite-gneiss and pegmatite units, compared to 2–3% Al₂O₃, <0.5% Na₂O and <1.0% K₂O over schist-quartzite. For the trace elements, weathered profiles on granite-gneiss and schist-quartzite settings exhibit similar enrichment trends (enrichment factor, EF l) for most of the trace elements, unlike the pegmatite bedrock. However, enrichments are relatively greater in the top soil unit compared to the intermediate saprolite unit, especially for Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Rb, Sr and Ba, a situation attributed to leaching and redistribution within the weathered profiles through pedogenetic process and percolating groundwater.Furthermore, the estimated weathering indices using Ruxton Ratio (RR = {SiO₂/Al₂O₃}) and Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA = 100{Al₂O₃/[Al₂O₃ + CaO + Na₂O + K₂O]}) revealed RR of 2.9–3.7 and CIA of 54–73% for granite-gneiss and pegmatite units, implying medium levels of weathering, compared to RR of 30.8–35.5 and CIA of >60% for schist-quartzite units, which suggest weak chemical weathering. Also, the estimated high percentage loss, especially for Pb, Rb, Sr, Ba relative to the bedrocks, shows that the trace elements can be mobilized within the weathering profiles even at a low degree of chemical weathering. Such weathering-induced release of trace metals is of environmental significance as natural lithogenic input sources and as background reference for future monitoring of possible human/anthropogenic impacts.     

Trace element composition and degree of partial melting of pelitic migmatites from the Aoyama area, Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan: Implications for the source region of tourmaline leucogranites

Degree of partial melting of pelitic migmatites from the Aoyama area, Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan is determined utilizing whole-rock trace element compositions. The key samples used in this study were taken from the migmatite front of this area and have interboudin partitions filled with tourmaline-bearing leucosome. These samples are almost perfectly separated into leucosome (melt) and surrounding matrix (solid). This textural feature enables an estimate of the melting degree by a simple mass-balance calculation, giving the result of 5–11 wt.% of partial melting. Similar calculations applied to the migmatite samples, which assume average migmatite compositions to be the residue solid fraction, give degree of melt extraction of 12–14 wt.% from the migmatite zone. The similarity of the estimated melting degree of 5–11 wt.% with that in other tourmaline–leucogranites, such as Harney Peak leucogranite and Himalayan leucogranites, in spite of differences in formation process implies that the production of tourmaline leucogranites is limited to low degrees of partial melting around 10 wt.%, probably controlled by the breakdown of sink minerals for boron such as muscovite and tourmaline at a relatively early stage of partial melting. Because the amount of boron originally available in the pelitic source rock is limited (on average 100 ppm), 10 wt.% of melting locally requires almost complete breakdown of boron sink mineral(s) in the source rock, in order to provide sufficient boron into the melt to saturate it in tourmaline. This, in turn, means that boron-depleted metapelite regions are important candidates for the source regions of tourmaline leucogranites.     

La Ni(n)a年冬季亚洲中高纬环流与我国南方降雪异常关系

2007/2008年冬季,赤道中东太平洋形成了一次中等强度的La Ni(n)a事件.本文根据NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,探讨La Ni(n)a气候背景下亚洲中高纬大气环流及南亚上空南支槽强度与我国南方(25～35°N,110～125°E)多雪、少雪以及2008年1月我国南方大范围低温雨雪冰冻灾害的关系.分析指出,La Ni(n)a气候背景下,500 hPa高度场亚洲高纬位势高度偏高易出现阻塞型,当乌拉尔山阻塞高压强度、位置比鄂霍次克阻塞高压偏强、偏北时,入侵我国南方的偏北气流主要来自乌拉尔山地区,南方偏冷(距平达-4.0 ℃)多雪;当鄂霍次克阻塞高压强度、位置比乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏强、偏北,入侵我国南方的偏北气流主要来自鄂霍次克海地区,南方偏暖(距平达1.0 ℃)少雪.2008年1月500 hPa高度上亚洲高纬乌拉尔山阻高偏北、强度偏强(正距平中心值达120 gpm),入侵我国南方的2支偏北气流都来自乌拉尔山地区,南方出现了低温(温度距平达-4.0 ℃)雨雪冰冻天气;分析指出,200 hPa高度场南亚地区南支槽的强弱对我国南方降雪多寡有重要影响.     

Delayed Impacts of the E1 Nino Episodes in the Central Pacific on the Summertime Climate Anomalies of Eastern China in 2003 and 2007

In the summers of 2003 and 2007, eastern China suffered similar climate disasters with severe flooding in the Huaihe River valley and heat waves in the southern Yangtze River delta and South China. Using SST data and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from NOAA along with reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR, the 2002/03 and 2006/07 El Ni(n)o episodes in the central Pacific and their delayed impacts on the following early summertime climate anomalies of eastern China were analyzed. The possible physical progresses behaved as follows: Both of the moderate E1 Ni(n)o episodes matured in the central equatorial Pacific during the early winter. The zonal wind anomalies near the sea surface of the west-central equatorial Pacific excited equatorial Kelvin waves propagating eastward and affected the evolution of the E1 Ni(n)o episodes. From spring to early summer, the concurring anomalous easterly winds in the central equatorial Pacific and the end of upwelling Kelvin waves propagating eastward in the western equatorial Pacific, favored the equatorial warm water both of the SST and the subsurface temperature in the western Pacific. These conditions favored the warm state of the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer for both cases of 2003 and 2007. Due to the active convection in the western equatorial Pacific in the early summer and the weak warm SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific from spring to early summer, the convective activities in the western Pacific warm pool showed the pattern in which the anomalous strong convection only appeared over the southern regions of the tropical western Pacific warm pool, which effects the meridional shift of the western Pacific subtropical high in the summer. The physical progress of the delayed impacts of the E1 Nifio episodes in the central equatorial Pacific and their decaying evolution on the climate anomalies in eastern China were interpreted through the key role of special pattern for the heat convection in the tropical western Pacific warm pool and the response of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone.     

2007年我国秋季降水异常的成因分析

利用NCEP再分析资料和观测的我国160个台站的降水资料,分析了2007年秋季我国北方地区降水异常偏多的时空特征和大尺度环流特征,重点分析了2007年夏秋季开始的La Ni(n)a事件对2007年秋季降水和大气环流的影响.结果表明:2007年我国秋季降水出现了典型北多南少的分布,尤其是9月和10月北方地区降水异常偏多.这段时期内,印缅槽偏强,高原东侧的西南季风异常活跃,加强了来自孟加拉湾和南海的水汽向我国北方地区的输送,同时巴尔喀什湖一贝加尔湖高度场偏低,利于不断分裂的冷空气南下,由于西太平洋副热带高压脊线偏北,使冷暖空气主要交汇在我国北方地区.秋季降水EOF第二模态表现为南北反相的分布,与赤道中东太平洋海温异常有密切关系,解释了我国秋季降水10%以上的方差贡献.2007年我国秋季降水和大气环流都表现出了典型La Ni(n)a事件影响的特征.