新疆西天山艾肯达坂火山机体与成矿

艾肯达坂一带火山机体位于伊犁石炭一二叠纪裂谷阿吾拉勒二叠纪火山岩带东段,在航卫片表现为较明显的环形构造。艾肯达坂火山穹窿构造保留较完整,地层层面和流动构造呈现以次安山岩为中心,向周边倾斜,倾角平缓稳定,大多小于３０℃,火山岩相较完整,集块岩、火山角砾岩、熔岩待发育,火山岩以钙碱性系列为主,形成环境为造山带,时代确定为早二叠世早期。艾肯达坂铜银矿及３个铜矿点均受艾肯达坂火山穹窿的环状断裂和放射断裂及     

MOUNTAIN GEOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT. Although mountains have been studied for centuries, they are the subject of only a slender body of formal literature. Instead, those who study high places in specific regions construct working definitions and continually recraft bibliographies. Studies of mountains often focus on comparatively limited themes: physical processes, ecology, or sacred spaces, for example. As scholars become interested in environmental degradation and the development of mountains, there is all the more need to develop a mountain geography literature that expands the study of mountains to include the political, economic, cultural, and social dimensions of their environments and peoples. Three areas‐cultural geography, political ecology, and conservation theory‐are suggested for additional research.     

液态不混溶作用:成矿机制之一 ——以太行山地区的金矿为例

太行山地区的许多金矿产在花岗质岩体内部及其附近的围岩中,产出形式以金属硫化物石英脉为主（如蔡术庵金矿、土石金矿、九集庄金矿等）,部分金矿以爆破角砾岩体的形式出现（如窑沟金矿）,另一部分则以含矿金属硫化物浸染在花岗岩破碎带中的形式产出（如上明峪金矿）...     

造山带中、新生代隆升作用构造年代学研究新进展

造山带中,新生代降 作用构造年代学研究在内容上强调隆升的细致过程和机制的研究,在方法上有４点值得重视：利用财核素测定年龄;利用ＭＤＤ模式定量研究山体隆升过程;利用磷灰石裂变径迹定年方法研究山脉的隆升与剥露;复地貌有关参数判断抬升机制。对大别造山带中,新生代隆升作用的构造年代学进行剖析后,得到一些规律性认识;隆升构造复杂多亲,可划分４类６型隆升构造;隆升作用在时间上显示缓慢和强烈或相间的节律性;空间     

滇西龙陵地区地壳电性结构及其对大瑞铁路地质选线影响研究

高黎贡山地处印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞缝合带附近的横断山脉南段,是大理一瑞丽铁路(大瑞线)的必经之地,地形起伏大、构造复杂、活动性强,高黎贡山隧道作为全线控制性工程之一,其地质选线的最大困难就是对隧道深部构造环境的了解,特别是缺少对与地热、地震等联系紧密的深部地质构造的认识.为此,本文以大地电磁方法为手段,以高黎贡山隧道为主要研究对象,通过对滇西龙陵地区高黎贡山隧道越岭段两条大地电磁剖面数据的处理解释对研究区的地壳电性结构特征进行了勘探研究.结合区域地质构造特征与主要工程地质问题之间关系的分析,根据隧道主要断层地质条件设计了三维垂直断层模型,利用三维有限元开展正演模拟研究发现,测点点距、位置与横向分辨率密切相关,点距越密,分辨率越高,测点位于断层在地表投影位置能有效提高分辨率.采用大地电磁阻抗张量分解技术对两条剖面上各测点的二维偏离度和电性走向进行了计算和分析,对剖面视电阻率和阻抗相位数据进行了二维NLCG联合反演研究,揭示了沿剖面的腾冲地块、龙陵一瑞丽断裂带及保山地块10 km深度的电性结构特征及相互关系.结果表明:剖面CD电性结构呈现区域构造的三分性,腾冲地块电性结构成层性较好,保山地块成层性较差,两者均以中高阻电性特征为主,中间夹龙陵一瑞丽断裂带,电性结构反映从3 km深度以下存在几乎近于直立延伸的低阻带,推测为班公湖一怒江缝合带滇西段丁青一怒江缝合带的反映;剖面AB共划分了6条与工程密切相关的深部隐伏断裂,结合地震地质、地表地质及龙陵地震深部背景研究,推测F7-3断裂为1975龙陵7.3级地震断裂;从地表黄草坝断裂开始向下延伸,有一条发育最大深度约为4 km的低阻通道,推测为地热断裂深循环通道,其与黄草坝断裂共同控制研究区地下热水的补给、径流和排泄条件,在高黎贡山隧道线位位置形成了一个相对低温通道,为隧道方案成立的关键工程地质条件.勘探结果表明:滇西龙陵地区地壳电性结构有效的反映了高黎贡山隧道深部隐伏断裂和地热断裂深循环通道等深部构造特征,为大瑞线隧道工程地质选线提供了深部地质背景依据.     

可可西里岩石圈向北俯冲到柴达木地幔的地震学证据

利用中美德INDEPTH IV合作项目2007—2009年间布置于青藏高原中、北部140个宽频地震台站记录到的天然地震数据,经过接收函数成像处理,获得了3条穿过昆仑—阿尼玛卿缝合带清晰的壳幔结构图像.结果显示柴达木南缘莫霍面位于约50 km深度,羌塘地块、可可西里地块、东昆仑造山带莫霍面位于约65 km深度,昆仑—阿尼玛卿缝合带以北约50 km存在莫霍面深度突变.在可可西里和柴达木岩石圈地幔之间观测到北倾界面,这可能是可可西里岩石圈向北俯冲到柴达木地幔之下的证据.可可西里地块地壳内宽缓的负转换震相带是低速带的反映,其向北挤入到东昆仑山下发生挤压增厚,可能是东昆仑山隆升的原因;由于刚性柴达木岩石圈的阻挡,物质向东改向,则可能是该地区向东旋转的构造应力场产生的原因.本文研究结果不支持亚洲岩石圈地幔在东昆仑—柴达木交界处向南俯冲,据此,我们提出了新的东昆仑造山模式.     

浅析广安华蓥山区山水林田湖综合治理措施——以高顶山矿区为例

高顶山矿区位于广安华蓥市城区东南约5km处。长期的采矿活动,导致区内矿山地质环境问题突出,严重影响华蓥山地区人民的生命财产安全。矿山地质环境问题亟待解决。本文通过分析区内主要存在的矿山地质环境问题,提出通过矿山地质灾害、矿山土地恢复、矿山地形地貌景观恢复治理,河道综合整治、道路修复、生态保育、产业提升等措施;消除安全隐患,保障区内人民生命财产安全;改善生态环境,实现华蓥山地区生态环境全面恢复,生态环境质量提升,提高环境承载力,实现区内"山青、水秀、林美、田良"的目标。并对区内的产业转型升级进行了探讨,提出将高顶山矿区建设成具有科普和教育价值的旅游景观目的地;利用矿区独具特色工业人文景观和别致的自然景观,将高顶山矿区建设成集"科普、休闲、康养、户外、探秘"五大功能于一体的矿山公园,推动矿业经济转型升级,促进产业结构转型和经济社会可持续发展。     

Mantle plumes,triple junctions and transforms:A reinterpretation of Pacific Cretaceous-Tertiary LIPs and the Laramide connection

The Shatsky and Hess Rises,the Mid-Pacific Mountains and the Line Islands large igneous provinces(LIPs) present different challenges to conventional plume models.Resolving the genesis of these LIPs is important not only for a more complete understanding of mantle plumes and plume-generated magmatism,but also for establishing the role of subducted LIP conjugates in the evolution of the Laramide orogeny and other circum-Pacific orogenic events,which are related to the development of large porphyry systems.Given past difficulties in developing consistent geodynamic models for these LIPs,it is useful to consider whether viable alternative geodynamic scenarios may be provided by recent concepts such as melt channel networks and channel-associated lineaments,along with the "two mode"model of melt generation,where a deeply-sourced channel network is superimposed on the plume,evolving and adapting over millions of years.A plume may also interact with transform faults in close proximity to a mid ocean ridge,with the resultant bathymetric character strongly affected by the relative age difference of lithosphere across the fault.Our results suggest that the new two-mode melt models resolve key persistent issues associated with the Shatsky Rise and other LIPs and provide evidence for the existence of a conduit system within plumes that feed deeply-sourced material to the plume head,with flow maintained over considerable distances.The conduit system eventually breaks down during plume-ridge separation and may do so prior to the plume head being freed from the triple junction or spreading ridge.There is evidence for not only plume head capture by a triple junction but also for substantial deformation of the plume stem as the distance between the stem and anchored plume head increases.The evidence suggests that young transforms can serve as pathways for plume material migration,at least in certain plume head-transform configurations.A fortuitous similarity between the path of the Shatsky and Sio plumes,with respect to young spreading ridges and transforms,helps to clarify previously problematic bathymetric features that were not readily ascribed to fixed plumes alone.The Line Island Chain,which has been the subject of a vast number of models,is related mainly to several plumes that passed beneath the same region of oceanic crust,a relatively rare event that has resulted in LIP formation rather than a regular seamount track.Our findings have important implications for the timing and mechanism for the Laramide Orogeny in North America,demonstrating that the Hess Rise conjugate may be much smaller than traditionally thought.The Mid Pacific Mountains conjugate may not exist at all,given large parts of these LIPs were formed at an ‘off-ridge' site.This needs to be taken into account while considering the effects of conjugate collision on mineralization and orogenic events.     

巴音布鲁克山区暖季人工增水作业区域的合理性分析

受经济、技术、装备等影响,地面人工增水作业更具普适性,但其精准作业难度高,导致人工增水作业效果的提升较为困难。为此,基于2017—2022年5—9月巴音布鲁克山区18个观测站点的逐日气象资料,利用协同克里金插值法,K-Means聚类分组法,基于降水特征的空间分布,从宏观层面上对人工增水作业布局的合理性开展分析,以期科学化开展增水作业,从而有效提高作业效益。结果显示：(1)在空间插值中,小雨的相对误差最小,插值精度最高,而大雨相反,导致“平滑效应”明显,不确定性较大。(2)暖季月均降水量自西向东呈减少趋势,高值区多位于中部和东北部沿山区域,发生的降水事件以小雨为主,而大雨虽然频率低,次数少,但和小雨一样是影响降水量变化的主要量级。(3)现用人工增水作业点的适宜性大多一般,受小雨和中雨月均频率的空间分布影响较大,而在宏观地理上,西部作业点布设的适宜性较东部高。(4)降水空间分布受西风环流和地势影响较大,因而作业布局合理性上,西部区域和北部区域最好。(5)根据地理特点,北部地势复杂,适宜选择西低东高的山面建立地面烟炉,西部地势平坦,适宜建立作业方向为NNW的流动火箭。