早白垩世华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄过程和机制:来自河北西石门杂岩体的证据

白垩纪华北克拉通岩石圈经历了巨大的减薄事件,但减薄过程及机制仍存在较大争论。早白垩世的西石门杂岩体是华北克拉通东部与岩石圈减薄相关的重要杂岩体。根据西石门杂岩体形成时代和岩石结构特征将其划分为两套岩石组合。早期岩套由二长闪长岩-二长岩-正长岩系列组成,具等粒结构,形成时代约为135. 6Ma,岩石地球化学成分为SiO_2=51. 72%～68. 56%、MgO=0. 17%～4. 88%,少部分样品表现出C型埃达克岩的特征;晚期岩套由斑状二长岩-斑状正长岩系列组成,具似斑状结构,形成时代约为125. 3Ma,岩石地球化学成分为SiO_2=57. 00%～67. 51%、MgO=0. 61%～3. 37%,其中还存在大量年龄约2500Ma的继承锆石。两套侵入岩均为高钾钙碱性系列但早期岩套多具埃达克质岩特征,晚期岩套岩石中锆石具有更负的ε_(Hf)(t),显示其具有更多的壳源物质组成。角闪石温度计、压力计显示,早期岩套的定位环境为T=883. 66℃、P=194. 95MPa,相当于7. 36km深处;晚期岩套的定位环境为T=642. 34℃、P=26. 81MPa,相当于1. 01km深处。从135. 6Ma至125. 3Ma,地壳快速抬升了约6. 35km。研究认为,在约135. 6Ma时陆内岩浆作用开始影响研究区,软流圈地幔上涌促使地壳物质熔融、混合形成了早期岩套,同时大规模的岩浆活动及地壳褶皱变形导致陆壳加厚。之后岩石圈地幔发生拆沉作用,地壳快速抬升。在约125. 3Ma后,软流圈地幔继续上涌,回弹的陆壳开始发生大规模的熔融形成了晚期岩套。据此认为拆沉作用是中生代华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的主要机制。     

长春-延吉缝合带：性质与意义

长春-延吉缝合带(或长春-延吉增生杂岩带),是由佳木斯-兴凯地块与华北板块之间俯冲拼贴形成的增生杂岩带。该缝合带自西向东分为三个部分,具体包括西段吉林-红旗岭、中段桦甸-两江和东段华集岭-开山屯组成。长春-延吉增生杂岩带以延边地区发育的开山屯混杂岩为代表,自西向东包括石头口门-烟囱山高压红帘石片岩,以及原定为"呼兰群"、"色洛河群"、"青龙村群"等一系列沿着缝合带分布的构造杂岩等,它们均发育"基质包裹外来岩块(block-in-matrix)"的混杂岩结构,并在吉林东部石头口门、烟囱山和延边开山屯等地区发现高压矿物组合,因此,这些杂岩应代表了佳木斯-兴凯地块向华北板块俯冲-拼贴过程中形成的增生杂岩。长春-延吉增生杂岩原岩年龄大致为晚古生代-早中生代(最小峰期240～250Ma),并被时代为～220Ma的晚三叠世大酱缸组磨拉石层序不整合覆盖,这一直接证据与近期发表的年代学证据一致,共同证明了长春-延吉缝合带的就位时代为中三叠世(220～240Ma),而不是前人认为的晚古生代或更早。区域构造分析显示,长春-延吉增生杂岩带不是天山-北山-西拉木伦河-长春断裂带的东延部分,而是佳木斯-兴凯地块西南缘分布的吉林-黑龙江高压变质带的南部组成部分,形成于三叠纪-早侏罗世太平洋板块西向俯冲过程中,佳木斯-兴凯地块自东向西的"剪刀式"闭合过程。因此,长春-延吉增生杂岩带记录了古亚洲构造域的结束和太平洋俯冲开始的关键时期,为两大构造域叠加与转换的关键性地质证据。     

Paleoproterozoic Potassic Granitoids in the Sushui Complex from the Zhongtiao Mountains, Northern China： Geochronology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis

1 Introduction The early Precambrian basement of the North China Craton (NCC) consists mainly of the Eastern Continental Block, the Western Continental Block and the Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO, or “the Central Tectonic Zone”), which formed by continental collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks (Zhao et al., 1998). This evolutionary model has now been widely accepted (Wu and Zhong, 1998; Guan et al., 2002; Guo et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002a, b; Liu et al., 2004a, b;…     

Geochemistry, Nd Isotopic Characteristics of Metamorphic Complexes in Northern Hebei： Implications for Crustal Accretion

The middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） consists mainly of metamorphosed Archean Dantazi Complex, Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Complex and unmetamorphosed gabbro-anorthosite-meta-alkaline granite, as well as metamorphosed Late Paleozoic mafic to granitoid rocks in the Damiao-Changshaoying area. The -2.49 Ga Dantazi Complex comprises dioritic-trondhjemitic-granodoritic-monzogranitic gneisses metamorphosed in amphibolite to granulite facies. Petrochemical characteristics reveal that most of the rocks belong to a medium- to high-potassium calc-alkaline series, and display Mg^# less than 40, right-declined REE patterns with no to obviously positive Eu anomalies, evidently negative Th, Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies in primitive mantlenormalized spider diagrams, εNd（t）=＋0.65 to -0.03, and depleted mantle model ages TDM=2.78-2.71 Ga. Study in petrogenesis indicates that the rocks were formed from magmatic mixing between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and granitoid magma from partial melting of recycled crustal mafic rocks in a continental margin setting. The 2.44-2.41 Ga Hongqiyingzi Complex is dominated by metamorphic mafic-granodioritic-monzogranitic gneisses, displaying similar petrochemical features to the Dantazi Complex, namely medium to high potassium calc-alkaline series, and the mafic rocks show evident change in LILEs, negative Th, Nb, Ta, Zr anomalies and positive P anomalies. And the other granitiod samples also exhibit negative Th, Nb, Ta, P and Ti anomalies. All rocks in the Hongqiyingzi Complex show right-declined REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The metamorphic mafic rocks with εNd（t） = -1.64 may not be an identical magmatic evolution series with granitoids that have εNd（t） values of ＋3.19 to ＋1.94 and TDM ages of 2.55-2.52 Ga. These granitic rocks originated from hybrid between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and magma from partial melting of juvenile crustal mafic rocks in an island arc setting. All the -311 Ma Late Paleozoic metamorphic mafic rocks and related granitic rocks show a medium-potassium calc-alkaline magmatic evolution series, characterized by high Mg^#, obviously negative Th, Nb, Ta anomalies and positive Sr anomalies, from no to strongly negative Ti anomalies and flat REE patterns with εNd（t） = ＋8.42, implying that the maflc magma was derived from the depleted mantle. However the other granitic rocks are characterized by right-declined REE patterns with no to evidently positive Eu anomalies, significantly low εNd（t） = -13.37 to -14.04, and TDM=1.97-1.96 Ga, revealing that the granitoid magma was derived from hybrid between maflc magma that came from -311 Ma depleted mantle and granitoid magma from Archean to Early Paleoproterozoic ancient crustal recycling. The geochemistry and Nd isotopic characteristics as well as the above geological and geochronological results indicate that the middle segment of the northern margin of the NCC mainly experienced four crustal growth episodes from Archean to Late Paleozoic, which were dominated by three continental marginal arc accretions （-2.49, -2.44 and 311 Ma）, except the 1.76-1.68 Ga episode related to post-collisional extension, revealing that the crustal accretion of this segment was chiefly generated from arc accretion and amalgamation to the NCC continental block.     

On the deformation sequence in the New Harbour Group of Holy Island,Anglesey, North Wales

Four phases of deformation are recorded by minor structures in the New Harbour Group (NHG) of southern Holy Island. The regional schistosity in these rocks is a differentiated crenulation cleavage of D₂ age. An earlier preferred orientation (S₁) is commonly preserved as crenulations within the Q-domain microlithons of the S₂ schistosity and is demonstrably non-parallel to bedding. F₃ folds are widely developed in S₂ and, to a lesser extent, in bedding. S₃ crenulation cleavage is sporadically developed but can be intense locally. A major antiformal fold exists in the NHG near Rhoscolyn. This fold is of D₃ age since it clearly deforms S₂ schistosity and is consistent with the vergence of F₃ minor structures. All planar structures are deformed by folds of D₄ age. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热带太平洋5月份海气联合动力统计诊断

利用复EOF分析,将热带太平洋5月份的大气风场和海洋上层流场看作1个整体,对其作了动力统计诊断,用以揭示热带太平洋5月份大气、海洋环流异常与长江流域梅雨丰欠的关系并考察其年际和年代际变化.诊断结果表明:在同一EOF模态中,大气部分和海洋部分的结构有很大不同,海洋模态表现出较强的赤道陷波特征;在南、北纬5°之外,海洋流场已大幅衰减掉了,而大气风场该现象不明显.EOF第1模态模的时间系数振幅从1994年起增大趋势明显,这表明气候变化剧烈程度在加大;前2个EOF模态的时间系数均具有明显的年际和年代际变化.EOF第1模态为长江流域梅雨丰欠异常模态,大气存在经圈环流异常.EOF第2模态为ENSO模态,大气存在纬圈环流异常.黑潮因处5°N以北,已离开赤道,故其流速虽大,但流场偏差则很小,即其流速异常不明显.     

东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦岩群花岗质片麻岩的初步研究

野外地质填图和研究发现,东喜马拉雅构造结高喜马拉雅结晶岩系中有古老的花岗岩侵入,并在鲁霞地区圈定了9个花岗质侵入体。古老的花岗质岩石主要侵位于南迦巴瓦岩群直白岩组中,与南迦巴瓦岩群一起经历了麻粒岩相变质作用而形成花岗质片麻岩套。岩石类型有花岗闪长质片麻岩、黑云母花岗质片麻岩、闪长质片麻岩等。岩石化学研究表明这些花岗片麻岩套具“S”型特征,可能有深部幔源物质的加入。花岗岩形成深度在2～5km之间．侵位时代为552～525Ma,为新元古代晚期,属泛非期陆内演化阶段的产物。高喜马拉雅地区在元古宙末期形成了结晶基底。