闽西南古田-小陶花岗质杂岩体的形成时代和成因

古田-小陶花岗质杂岩体是由小陶、古田、华家、蛟洋和姑田等单元组成。小陶、古田和华家单元为含黑云母二长花岗岩,蛟洋和姑田单元是含角闪石黑云母石英二长岩。小陶和古田花岗岩以高 SiO_2(>71.77%)、K_2O(>4.67%)和低 CaO(<1.71%)为特征,属于弱过铝-强过铝花岗岩;它们含高的 Rb、Nh、Ta、Th、U 和低的 Sr、Ba 含量;稀土(REE)含量和轻重稀土分异((La/Yb)_N)变化大,分别变化于143×10~(-6)～548×10~(-6),和3.3～26.5,Eu 亏损中等到强。姑田和蛟洋单元都以低SiO_2(62.88%～66.38%)和高 Al_2O_3(15.44%～16.51%)为特征。姑田单元的 REE 总量低而蛟洋单元的 REE 总量高,但两者的 Eu 负异常都不明显。华家单元花岗岩的地球化学特征介于上述两组花岗岩之间。LA-ICPMS 锆石 U-Pb 定年显示小陶花岗岩形成于222±3Ma,而古田花岗岩形成于161±1Ma。小陶、古田和姑田花岗岩具有相似的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 初始比值(0.7089～0.7099)和ε_(Nd)(t)值(-11.1～-11.5),而且古田和小陶花岗岩的锆石 Hf 同位素组成也相似,表明它们起源于相同的源区。地球化学和 Sr-Nd-Hf 同位素指示它们的源区物质是具有1.73～1.5Ga 平均地壳存留年龄的变质沉积岩。而位于杂岩体南部的华家花岗岩显示明显高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 初始比值(0.7310)和更低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-16.4),指示它的母岩浆起源于古元古代壳源物质,暗示杂岩体南北基底组成可能不同。古田花岗岩形成于燕山早期的板内伸展构造背景,而小陶花岗岩形成于印支晚期,地球化学特征以及同时代岩石组合以及构造应力场分析表明其最可能形成于后造山构造背景。     

Tilt corrections over complex terrain and their implication for CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> transport

Observational data from sonic anemometers are commonly rotated from sonic to streamline coordinates, a procedure that is called tilt correction. Tilt corrections are often used to post-process air velocity data collected from sonic anemometers to allow objective interpretation of air flow data relative to the Earth. Since streamline coordinates depend on dynamical characteristics of the flow, the tilt correction depends not only on temporal and spatial variations of the flow, but also on local circulations. We found that ensemble- averaged slope flows are approximately parallel to the terrain slope close to the ground within the canopy layer, but not above, due to the influence of the diurnal variation of local vertical circulations. As a result, the diurnal variation of the observed vertical velocity in streamline coordinates at 21.5 m above the ground over 11-m tall forest canopies can be opposite to that calculated from the continuity equation. To estimate CO₂ transport over sloping terrain, a workable reference coordinate system is needed such that multiple sonic anemometers have a common reference relative to the Earth. Streamline coordinate systems can be the choice of the common reference coordinate system only if flow, at least ensemble-averaged flow, is parallel to terrain slopes. The choice of the reference coordinate system and its implication in investigation of CO₂ transport are discussed. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

非洲"铜带"铜钴工业地域综合体初步研究

非洲“铜带”是世界上最大的铜钴工业综合体之一。通过实地调查和资料分析,揭示了“铜带”铜钴工业的地域组合特征及空间布局的内在联系规律;剖析了“铜带”铜钴工业地域综合体形成的主要地理条件,尤其是制约冶金工业生产布局的矿物资源、电力和交通运输条件;探讨了主导工业部门在工业地域综合形体形成和区域经济社会发展过程中“联动”和“极化”作用。这对我国在矿山开发过程澡,充分发挥矿业的主导作用带动区域经济社会发展,     

豫西小秦岭地区太华杂岩中花岗质片麻岩的元素地球化学及其构造意义

豫西小秦岭地区太华杂岩中花岗质片麻岩为古老侵入岩,主要由黑云斜长片麻岩、黑云钾长片麻岩和黑云二长片麻岩等类型岩石组成,具有ＴＴＧ岩系的组成特征,元素地球化学特征反映其形成于类似现代板块碰撞带的构造环境．     

自然灾害复杂性研究

从自然灾害系统的观点出发,阐述了自然灾害系统的特点,提出了自然灾害复杂性的概念。基于前人研究的一些成果,讨论了分形,混沌,人工神经网络等非线性理论以及定性与定量综合集成技术在自然灾复杂性研究中的应用。     

Proximity and complexity in the emergence of high technology industry: The oxbridge comparison

This paper examines similarities and differences in the emergence of high-tech enterprise and the growth of associated industry in Cambridgeshire and Oxfordshire since the 1960s. These cases are viewed as instances of a generic phenomenon: the emergence and growth of the science-based ‘innovative milieu’. A conceptual scheme drawn from complexity studies is used to introduce explanatory coherence into the apparently scattered and disconnected factors relevant to the genesis of high-tech milieux.     

The Narryer Gneiss Complex of the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia: a segment of Archaean lower crust uplifted during Proterozoic orogeny

The Narryer Gneiss Complex of the Yilgarn Block is a key segment of the Western Australian Precambrian Shield. It is a regional granulite facies terrain comprised of predominantly quartzo-feldspathic gneisses derived from granitic intrusions c. 3.6–3.4 Ga old. Granulite facies metamorphism occurred c. 3.3 Ga ago, and conditions of 750–850°C and 7–10 kbar are estimated for the Mukalo Creek Area (MCA) near Errabiddy in the north. The P–T path of the MCA has been derived from metamorphic assemblages in younger rocks that intruded the gneisses during at least three subsequent events, and this path is supported by reaction coronas in the older gneisses. There is no evidence for uplift immediately following peak metamorphism of the MCA, and a period of isobaric cooling is inferred from the pressures recorded in younger rocks. Pressures and temperatures estimated from metadolerites, which intruded the older gneisses during ‘granite–greenstone’tectonism at about 2.6 Ga and during early Proterozoic thrusting show that the Errabiddy area remained in the lower crust, although it was probably reheated during the younger events. Isothermal uplift to upper crustal levels occurred at c. 1.6 Ga ago, and was followed by further deformation and patchy retrogression of high-grade assemblages. The effects of younger deformation, cooling and reheating can be discerned in the older gneisses, but as there has been no pervasive deformation or rehydration, the minerals and microstructures formed during early Archaean granulite facies metamorphism for the most part are retained. The MCA remained in the lower crust for about 1700 Ma following peak metamorphism and some event unrelated to the original metamorphism was required to exhume it. Uplift occurred during development of the Capricorn Orogen, when some 30–35 km were added to the crust beneath the Errabiddy area. The recognition of early Proterozoic thrusting, plus crustal thickening, suggests that the Capricorn Orogen is a belt of regional compression which resulted from convergence of the Yilgarn and Pilbara Cratons.     

河南省嵩县大石门沟钼矿床地质特征及找矿前景

河南省嵩县大石门沟钼矿是河南省核工业地质局近年发现并正在进行工作的矿产地,已基本查明为大型钼矿床,初步认为是受隐爆角砾岩体控制的热夜型钼矿床。钼矿体产于隐爆角砾岩体内,矿体形态为大脉状、规模大。文章在系统阐述该矿地质特征和成矿地质条件的基础上,对其找矿远景进行了初步分析。     

小秦岭地区金矿成矿机理分析

小秦岭成矿带是我国重要的贵金属成矿带之一,金矿受地层、构造和岩浆岩控制,具有＂三位一体＂的成矿模式。太古宙太华群地层为成矿提供了物质基础,区域变质作用使金发生初次富集;早期自北而南的挤压形成规模巨大的推覆构造为含金石英脉的生成提供了有利空间;燕山期构造—岩浆活动对金的活化、迁移、富集起主导作用     

SHRIMP zircon dating and Nd isotopic systematics of Palaeoproterozoic migmatitic orthogneisses in the Epupa Metamorphic Complex of northwestern Namibia

The Epupa Metamorphic Complex constitutes the southwestern margin of the Congo Craton and is exposed in a hilly to mountainous terrain of northwestern Namibia, bordering the Kunene River and extending into southern Angola. It consists predominantly of granitoid gneisses which are migmatized over large areas. This migmatization locally led to anatexis and produced crustal-melt granites such as the Otjitanda Granite. We have undertaken reconnaissance geochemical studies and single zircon U–Pb SHRIMP and Pb–Pb evaporation dating of rocks of the Epupa Complex. The granitoid gneisses, migmatites and anatectic melts are similar in composition and constitute a suite of metaluminous to peraluminous, calc-alkaline granitoids, predominantly with volcanic arc geochemical signatures. The zircon protolith ages for the orthogneisses range from 1861 ± 3 to 1758 ± 3 Ma. Anatexis in the migmatitic Epupa gneisses was dated from a melt patch at 1762 ± 4 Ma, and the anatectic Otjitanda Granite has a zircon age of 1757 ± 4 Ma. Migmatization and anatexis therefore occurred almost immediately after granitoid emplacement and date a widespread high-temperature Palaeoproterozoic event at ∼1760 Ma which has not been recorded elswhere in northern Namibia. The Nd isotopic systematics of all dated samples are surprisingly similar and suggest formation of the protolith from a source region that probably separated from the depleted mantle about 2.4–2.0 Ga ago. A major Archaean component in the source area is unlikely.