High to ultrahigh temperature contact metamorphism and dry partial melting of the Tasiuyak paragneiss,Northern Labrador

Contact aureoles of the anorthositic to granitic plutons of the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS), Labrador, are particularly well developed in the Palaeoproterozoic granulite facies, metasedimentary, Tasiuyak gneiss. Granulite facies regional metamorphism (M_R), c. 1860 Ma, led to biotite dehydration melting of the paragneiss and melt migration, leaving behind biotite‐poor, garnet–sillimanite‐bearing quartzofeldspathic rocks. Subsequently, Tasiuyak gneiss within a c. 1320 Ma contact aureole of the NPS was statically subjected to lower pressure, but higher temperature conditions (M_C), leading to a second partial melting event, and the generation of complex mineral assemblages and microstructures, which were controlled to a large extent by the textures of the M_R assemblage. This control is clearly seen in scanning electron microscopic images of thin sections and is further supported by phase equilibria modelling. Samples collected within the contact aureole near Anaktalik Brook, west of Nain, Labrador, mainly consist of spinel–cordierite and orthopyroxene–cordierite (or plagioclase) pseudomorphs after M_R sillimanite and garnet, respectively, within a quartzofeldspathic matrix. In addition, some samples contain fine‐grained intergrowths of K‐feldspar–quartz–cordierite–orthopyroxene inferred to be pseudomorphs after osumulite. Microstructural evidence of the former melt includes (i) coarse‐grained K‐feldspar–quartz–cordierite–orthopyroxene domains that locally cut the rock fabric and are inferred to represent neosome; (ii) very fine‐ to medium‐grained cordierite–quartz intergrowths interpreted to have formed by a reaction involving dissolution of biotite and feldspar in melt; and (iii) fine‐scale interstitial pools or micro‐cracks filled by feldspar interpreted to have crystallized from melt. Ultrahigh temperature (UHT) conditions during contact metamorphism are supported by (i) solidus temperatures >900 °C estimated for all samples, coupled with extensive textural evidence for contact‐related partial melting; (ii) the inferred (former) presence of osumilite; and (iii) titanium‐in‐quartz thermometry indicating temperatures within error of 900 °C. The UHT environment in which these unusual textures and minerals were developed was likely a consequence of the superposition of more than one contact metamorphic event upon the already relatively anhydrous Tasiuyak gneiss.     

桐柏山南坡的韧性走滑剪切构造

桐柏山南坡的韧性走滑剪切构造是大陆内部造山带在剪切体制下的典型构造之一,以多期韧性再造的叠置为特征。文中详述了它们的几何学特征、走滑剪切应变带内岩石的变形特点,并依据地质标志分析了它们的运动学方向,对它们的流变学意义及其在桐柏造山带构造演化中的作用作了初步探讨。     

大山片麻岩地质特征及侵位机制研究

大山片麻岩的原财为奥长化岗石,呈不规则状侵入柳树河子片麻岩中,年龄２７亿年左右,太古代阜平运动晚期侵位的。侵位与当时区域上大规模的韧性剪切作用密切相关。由于剪切带各相关位置的位移量的差异,形成空间,给岩浆被动就位了有利场所,形成大山片麻岩古深成岩体。     

恒山地区部分熔融地质体填图方法的尝试

五台群地层呈东西向分布在恒山东段中部,其北为高角闪岩相的恒山片麻杂岩,两者岩性呈渐变过渡关系,由此萌发出片麻杂岩是五台群地层部分熔融而来的思路。经过填图实践,总结出地层与片麻岩体之间存在着仍属地层范畴的片麻岩层这一无序岩石地层单位,并建立起它的填图标志。与地层呈渐变关系的片麻岩体外貌复杂、边界不清,不同于具有一定侵入关系、边界明显、成分均一的片麻岩体,据此划分了原地片麻岩体与异地片麻岩体两个系列。     

Characterization of partial melting events in garnet-cordierite gneiss from the Kerala Khondalite Belt,India

Phase equilibria modelling coupled with U–Pb zircon and monazite ages of garnet–cordierite gneiss from Vallikodu Kottayam in the Kerala Khondalite Belt,southern India are presented here.The results suggest that the area attained peak P–T conditions of^900
C at 7.5–8 kbar,followed by decompression to 3.5–5 kbar and cooling to 450–480
C,preserving signatures of the partial melting event in the field of high to ultra-high temperature metamorphism.Melt reintegration models suggest that up to 35%granitic melt could have been produced during metamorphism at^950
C.The U–Pb age data from zircons(~1.0–~0.7 Ga)and chemical ages from monazites(~540 Ma and^941 Ma)reflect a complex tectonometamorphic evolution of the terrain.The^941 Ma age reported from these monazites indicate a Tonian ultra-high temperature event,linked to juvenile magmatism/deformation episodes reported from the Southern Granulite Terrane and associated fragments in Rodinia,which were subsequently overprinted by the Cambrian(~540 Ma)tectonothermal episode.     

阿尔金南缘新元古代盖里克片麻岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

盖里克片麻岩分布于阿中地块亚干布阳-帕夏拉依档一带,岩体主要岩性由眼球状黑云斜长片麻岩、二云二长片麻岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年得到²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄值为(886.5±5)Ma,说明盖里克片麻岩原岩形成于新元古代早期青白口纪;地球化学结果显示：主量元素具有高SiO₂、Al₂O₃、K₂O+Na₂O含量,低Na₂O、MgO、CaO和TiO₂含量的特征,A/CNK值介于1.03~1.17之间,属于高钾钙碱性系列的过铝质花岗岩。岩石富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Hf、Ti等高场强元素,具有典型的大陆碰撞型花岗岩相应的元素丰度特征;岩石轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损,具有明显的负Eu异常,总体呈右倾的“V”型稀土分配模式,显示了典型的地壳重熔型花岗岩特征。盖里克片麻岩的源岩为地壳中角闪岩相基性岩类(变玄武岩),形成于同碰撞构造环境。综上说明本区存在新元古代早期的构造岩浆事件,可能对应于新元古代的罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆汇聚事件,说明塔里木和柴达木板块之间在新元古代早期曾经存在板块的汇聚碰撞。     

鲁西地区新太古代早期的岩浆活动——泰山岩套英云闪长质片麻岩锆石SHRIMP UPb年龄的证据

泰山岩套主要岩性为英云闪长质片麻岩和条带状英云闪长质片麻岩,出露于鲁西地区泰山—化马湾—蒙山一带。根据新测的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄结果,其岩浆结晶年龄2 729～2 700Ma,变质年龄2 600Ma,其形成时代确定为新太古代早期。该岩套组成古老陆核,是地幔岩浆侵入混入地壳物质形成的。     

内蒙古锡林浩特岩群岩相学、地球化学特征及构造环境分析

锡林浩特岩群是内蒙古中东部锡林郭勒微地块内原锡林郭勒杂岩的重要组成部分,由一套片麻岩夹层状斜长角闪岩、磁铁石英岩和变粒岩等变质岩组成,形成于中元古代［1］。岩群中片麻岩样品显示轻稀土元素富集的中等分异特征((La/Yb)N=4.71~7.97),斜长角闪岩具有平坦型((La/Yb)N=0.74~0.95)和轻稀土元素微弱富集型((La/Yb)N=1.06~3.63)两种稀土元素配分模式。在微量元素N MORB标准化图解中,斜长角闪岩显示出洋中脊玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩的过渡类型特征。同时结合岩相学和岩石地球化学图解分析,推断片麻岩原岩为富含泥质的亚杂砂岩,而斜长角闪岩原岩为一套具有拉斑质到钙碱性过渡型特征的玄武岩;变质沉积岩形成于活动大陆边缘大陆岛弧环境;变质基性火山岩形成于岛弧弧后盆地。二者指示锡林浩特岩群形成于活动大陆边缘体系。     

中国不同气候带盐风化作用的地貌特征

盐风化作用是地球表面普遍存在的一种物理风化作用,由于盐类的周期性结晶作用而造成地表岩石和建筑材料的破坏,形成诸如风化穴或蜂窝石构造等地貌景观。盐风化作用也是差异风化的主要表现形式之一。然而,到目前为止盐风化作用在中国地学界仍然被严重忽视,以至于盐风化作用造成的地貌景观常常被地学研究者和科普人士误读为海浪冲蚀、流水侵蚀、风蚀作用等。经过近十年的野外观察与探讨,笔者等对盐风化的形成机理和表现形式有了深入的理解。本文以中国境内东部海岸带、华北半干旱区、西北干旱区和东南湿热气候带基岩露头为例,系统地分析了盐风化作用的机理及其在不同气候带的表现形式。盐风化的必要条件是:适当的可溶性盐类(如Na_2SO_4、NaCl等)供应、周期性的干湿交替和温度变化。盐风化作用主要在发育可渗性孔隙的砂砾岩类和富含微裂隙的花岗岩类之露头表面表现明显,可以形成特征显著的盐风化穴。盐风化作用形成的地貌景观在东部海岸带和西北干旱区表现尤为明显,常常形成蜂窝石构造和大型风化穴,与风蚀作用的痕迹明显有别;而在华北半干旱区和南方湿热气候带虽然受到降雨等其他因素的影响而常常遭受改造、叠加甚或清除,但在某些露头区仍然保留有重要的识别标志,形成大型风化穴以及小型蜂窝石构造。笔者等强调:地表各种地貌景观形成过程中都有盐风化作用的贡献,而建筑物和景观保护也必须考虑到盐风化作用的影响。建议地学同仁重视盐风化作用的普遍性和重要性,在相关教材中补充更新盐风化的概念,并以科普的方式通过多种媒体纠正过去的错误认识。     

海南公爱地区抱板群花岗片麻岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

海南岛地处华南陆块南缘,紧邻印支陆块,大地构造位置独特,其地质特征一直备受关注。厘定该地区中元古代岩石的成因对恢复华南中元古代构造演化具有重要意义。海南岛西部公爱地区花岗质岩石与围岩抱板群变沉积岩呈侵入接触关系,绝大部分岩石片麻状构造发育、韧性剪切标志明显。这些岩石高SiO_2、K_2O、Al_2O_3、Rb、U,贫CaO、MgO、FeO~T、TiO_2,铝饱和指数A/CNK1.1,具S型花岗岩特点,稀土元素配分模式类似于抱板群变沉积岩,全岩ε_(Nd)(t)=-2.02~-2.38,Nd同位素二阶段亏损模式年龄(t_(DM2)~(Nd))为2.2~2.3 Ga,锆石Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)=-5.4~4.0,Hf同位素二阶段亏损模式年龄t_(DM2)~(Hf)=1.71~2.53 Ga。对四个代表性花岗片麻岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,其~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb加权平均年龄为1444±15 Ma、1439±19 Ma、1433±31 Ma和1450±23 Ma,属中元古代。综合区域研究资料认为,海南岛西部公爱地区中元古代花岗质岩石的熔融源区为类似抱板群变沉积岩组分,推测其产出于大陆边缘构造背景,是哥伦比亚超大陆边缘的增生产物。