Magnetic properties of urban soil profile and their significance for traffic pollution-Case study of the capital airport expressway in Beijing

An expressway-side soil profile 22 cm long was sampled from the grassland of the expressway linking Beijing and the Capital International Airport. Magnetic measurements, geochemical and multivariate statistic analyses were performed on the soil samples. The results reveal that the soil profile can be divided into two parts with significant difference in magnetic proxies and heavy metal concentration. The uppermost soil horizon (0–8 cm) represents the pollution-rich layer with higher concentration of ferrimagnetic phases and metallic elements. The values of xare very high with an average of 141.60 × 10⁻⁸ m³·kg⁻¹ in the layer. We explain that the anthropogenic dust input from traffic is the predominant cause for strong signals of magnetic phases and heavy metals. Below the profile depth of 8 cm, there is minor pollution in the soil with lower concentration of magnetic minerals and heavy metals compared to the natural background values. χ remains quite stable and relatively low with an average of 49.44 × 10⁻⁸ m³·kg⁻¹. S-ratio also generally decreases with depth, and it changes from 0.93 in the 0–8 cm layer to 0.87 below the depth of 8 cm. It indicates that the soil samples are overwhelmingly predominated by ferrimagnetic minerals in the upper part soil, while the contribution of imperfect antiferromagnetic components is stronger in the lower part. Rock magnetic experiments show MD magnetite as the main magnetic carrier both in the upper and lower parts. Themagnetic grain size in the upper part is, however, a bit coarser than that in the lower part. Cluster analysis shows a positive correlation between magnetic properties (χ, ARM, SIRM) and heavy metal pollutants of Pb, Zn, Cu. Fuzzy C-means cluster analysis can clearly help divide the soil profile into two different layers and distinguish their characteristics. It can be concluded that these magnetic concentration-related parameters can be used as proxies for pollution investigation in a fast, sensitive, low-cost and highly efficient approach to screening heavy metal pollution. __________ Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(6): 1113-1120 [译自:第四纪研究]     

用水化学方法确定岩溶富水区——以山西延河泉域为例

利用延河泉域含水层的水质分析资料,计算地下水中侵蚀性CO2的含量、矿物饱和指数（βi）与奥陶系灰岩（O2）顶面标高（H）的函数关系。通过作图与分析其关系曲线,对延河泉域含水层进行富水性分区,得到奥陶系顶面标高在350～600m间为强富水区．q=5．55～6．975L（s．m）;标高在750-600m及350-200m间为中强富水区;标高存700m以上和600m以下为弱富水区,该结论经过勘探和抽水试验得到了验证。     

Interaction in the water-rock system as a new basis for the development of hydrogeology

This paper addresses the main mechanisms controlling the continuous and geologically long evolution of the water-rock system, which produced diverse hydrogenous mineral complexes. The concept of such complexes was introduced by the author. It was shown that the water-rock system is a steady-state and equilibrium-disequilibrium one. Its development occurs in a far from equilibrium region and results in the formation of fundamentally new mineral associations and geochemical types of water. Taking into account that water is the main factor controlling the evolutionary trend of this system, it is argued that this system must be among the most important targets of hydrogeology.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组的物源分析

笔者从区域沉积背景入手,对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长3油层组泥岩稀土元素、碳酸盐岩岩屑、轻重矿物、砂岩粒度等进行综合分析研究,认为研究区内存在混合物源,物源方向主要有北东向和西南向,并初步判断,北东物源的边界大致在南梁-华池地区,西南物源的边界大约在悦乐地区。     

横水西周墓地部分青铜器残留泥芯的矿物组成及成分分析

利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、显微镜观察等理化分析测试手段对山西绛县横水西周墓地部分青铜器残留的泥芯进行了成分、物相等检测分析,并与山西侯马、陕西扶风李家铸铜遗址进行了比较分析。结果表明,横水西周墓地泥芯与当地土壤在成分、物相等方面具有高度的一致性,说明多数青铜器可能在当地铸造而成。     

数字化技术在铁基合金铬元素可见光谱分析中的应用

使用可见光谱数字化自动分析系统对铁基合金中铬元素可见光谱进行了分析测定。研究了铁基合金中铬元素的Cr 520.60 nm和Cr 534.58 nm分析谱线组的特征,并制作了数字化彩色图谱。探索了铁基合金中铬元素的数字化分析技术,结果可用于铁基合金中铬元素的定性、定量分析和牌号鉴别。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定锌铝硅合金中硅和铁

采用岛津MXF-2400型多道X荧光光谱仪测定锌铝硅合金中硅及铁的含量,对样品分析面进行了选择,考察了分析面光洁度、样品放置时间对测定的影响条件。方法样品前期处理简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,硅和铁的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)分别为1.15%和0.44%。与其他方法对照,结果相符。     

辽宁高家堡子大型银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

高家堡子银矿床为辽东地区近年来发现的一大型独立银矿床,它赋存于早元古代辽河群大石桥组大理岩地层之中,受层间破碎带构造控制。矿区发育含银-铅-锌碎裂大理岩型及硅化石英脉型两种主要类型矿石。流体包裹体研究表明,前者石英中主要发育气液两相、含CO2三相、CO2及单液相四种类型的原生流体包裹体,成矿流体属H2O-CO2-NaCl体系类型,与造山型矿床成矿流体相似;后者石英中主要发育气液两相及单液相包裹体,成矿流体属H2O-NaCl体系类型,其低温低盐度特点及氢、氧同位素数据表明成矿流体主要来自大气降水。综合分析表明,本区银的大规模富集成矿作用是印支期以来以大气降水来源为主的热液活动的产物。     

新矿物丁道衡矿-（Ce）：珀硅钛铈矿的同质多象体和硅钛铈矿亚族C（1）位上的钛类似矿物

丁道衡矿-(Ce):(Ce,La)4Fe2 (Ti,Fe2 ,Mg,Fe3 )2Ti2Si4O22,理想的结构化学式Ce2Ce2Fe2 Ti2Ti2Si4O22单斜晶系,α=1.34656(15)nm,b=0.57356(6)nm,c=1.10977(12)nm,β=100.636(2)°,V=0.84239(46)nm3,空间群P21/a(假C2/m),Z=2.作为硅钛铈矿(chevkinite)族矿物的新成员,它产于举世闻名的白云鄂博铁.稀土.铌矿床镁夕卡岩中,多数单晶体长0.2～1.0 cm,最大者长大于1.5 cm.共生矿物有透辉石、透闪石、钠透闪石、褐帘石-(Ce)、磁铁矿、尖晶石、烧绿石、氟金云母、氟磷灰石、石英和萤石等.矿物具有褐色条痕和半金属一金属光泽的黑色,其褐黑色碎片半透明.性脆、具有贝壳状断口、无解理和裂开.显微硬度(VHN25g)为606.0～717.4 kg/mm/12(相当于摩氏硬度约5.9).矿物实测密度4.83(7)g/cm3,计算密度值4.88(0)g/cm3.丁道衡矿-(ce)的反射色为带灰色的浅黄色,多色性为不同色调的灰色.平均反射率(λ=589nm)为11.4%～12.5%.矿物为二轴晶负光性.作过结构精测的丁道衡矿-(Ce)晶体的电子探针测值:SiO2:19.29,TiO2:18.26,A12O3:0.04,FeO:8.49,Fe2O3,:1.67,ThO2:0.16,MgO:1.32,CaO:2.17,Nb2O5:0.47,Ta2O5:0.00,La2O3:19.53,Ce2O3:28.08,Y2O3:0.00,Na1O:0.01,总量99.46%;其中Fe3 /Fe2 的比值依穆斯堡尔谱换算.根据结构精测每个单位分子式中O=22和C(1)位上Ti优先占位,计算的矿物晶体化学式为(Ce2.13,La1.49Ca0.48Th0 01)Σ4.11Fe2 (Tin0.88Fe2 0.47Mg0.41 Fe0.0)Σ2.03(Ti1.96Nb0 04)Σ2.00(Si2O7)2O3.分别用P21/a和C2/m对丁道衡矿-(Ce)的晶体结构作了精测.结果表明,丁道衡矿-(Ce)的真空间群是P20/a.换言之,它才是真正珀硅钛铈矿[perrierite-(Ce)]的同质多象体.显而易见,硅钛铈矿族矿物既可以有P21/a空间群,又可以有C2/m空间群.