深埋长大隧洞围岩非线性蠕变模型研究

针对锦屏二级水电站深埋长大隧洞（埋深为2 525 m,长为19 km,宽为13 m）围岩在开挖过程中呈现明显的流变劣化特征,采用CSS-283双向万能伺服试验机,对洞室围岩（软弱板岩）进行单轴压缩蠕变试验和剪切蠕变试验,引入流变参数是时间函数与强化函数,建立岩石非定常参数剪切蠕变模型和单轴压缩蠕变模型,并推广到三轴非线性流变模型,与试验结果对比基本吻合。最后,结合锦屏二级水电站深埋长大隧洞进行数值计算,得到该隧洞190 d开挖运行变形规律,以期为工程建设提供理论指导。     

江西早二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期的岩相古地理

摘　要　根据地层学研究的新进展‚将原乐平组的官山段和下老山段划归茅口阶‚编制了这 一时期的沉积断面图‚并对这一时期的沉积史进行了阐述。     

东昆仑德尔尼铜矿喷流岩——铁硅质岩的发现及其成矿意义

德尔尼地区的"炭质(砂)板岩"是一个使用了30多年的岩石名称,前人把这类岩石当作与成矿并无任何关系的一种沉积岩。本次工作发现并证实这类岩石进一步可分为2种:一种为陆源碎屑岩,即正常沉积岩——炭质(砂)板岩,与成矿无直接关系;另一种为海底喷流作用形成的一种喷流岩——铁硅质岩。由此推断德尔尼大型铜(钴)矿床,是一个以海底喷流-沉积成矿为主体的后期有叠加成矿的多期成矿作用形成的矿床。这在德尔尼地区寻找该类矿床有重要的理论意义和指导意义。     

软板岩膨胀特性试验及微观机制分析

针对软板岩内部特殊的构造及其遇水膨胀的特点,以湖南省怀化芷江地区的板岩为例,选取14组岩样分别进行矿物成分、微观结构测试和侧向约束膨胀试验,研究软质板岩的膨胀特性及其微观机制。结果表明:软质板岩侧向约束膨胀率与吸水时间之间呈指数函数关系,在试验早期,侧向约束膨胀率随吸水时间的延长而增大,且增长速率较快,侧向约束膨胀率-吸水时间关系曲线较陡;在试验后期,侧向约束膨胀率趋于稳定,侧向约束膨胀率-吸水时间关系曲线由陡变缓。侧向约束膨胀率随着吸水率的增长呈乘幂函数关系增长,在试验早期增长较快,而后增长速率变小,直至最后趋于稳定。轴向膨胀率随轴向荷载的增加呈负对数函数减小,初期减小幅度较大,后期逐渐变低。结构面方向和试样轴向的夹角α在区间[0°,90°]之间变化时,极限侧向约束膨胀率随着夹角α的增大而减小。     

雪峰山隧道砂板岩各向异性力学特性的试验研究

利用MTS815 Flex GT岩石力学试验系统,对雪峰山隧道围岩中的砂板岩开展单轴和三轴试验,研究这种砂板岩中的细微层理对岩石变形特性、强度特性及其参数的影响,结果表明：岩石力学特性的各向异性特征显著。层理面与轴向力夹角0°时应力-应变曲线呈不稳定破裂特征,破坏面沿层理面方向发育;夹角90°时曲线呈峰后迅速软化特征,破坏面为对角贯通性剪切破坏。单轴试验中夹角0°的抗压强度比夹角90°高出约20%,弹性模量和变形模量比夹角90°分别约大50%和80%。三轴试验中2种夹角情况破坏时主应力差 相近,夹角0°的弹性模量和变形模量分别比夹角90°时约大6%和20%,围压对砂板岩的各向异性特征有弱化效应。这些结论揭示了该砂板岩各向异性的力学特性,对解决工程实际问题有重要的参考价值     

降雨入渗对板岩边坡稳定的影响及加固措施研究

板岩边坡在国内边坡工程中较为常见,常伴有倾倒变形,在其特有的结构性质影响下边坡失稳频发。通过对苗尾水电站右坝基板岩边坡失稳现象分析,研究了板岩边坡在降入入渗情况下的变形特征,在该基础之上运用稳定理论探讨降雨入渗影响边坡失稳机制,结合实例分析提出了板岩边坡失稳加固关键措施,并通过现场实际检验效果。研究结果表明,板岩边坡的节理特性、开挖坡比、降雨入渗是造成板岩边坡失稳的关键因素,进行加固必须从防雨下渗和束腰加固着手。苗尾水电站右坝基板岩边坡加固后经受住了汛期和炮震的影响,说明边坡失稳认识及加固措施较为准确,对于类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

布达拉宫地基岩体稳定性研究

野外地质调查表明，布达拉宫地基岩体岩性为灰黑色角岩化钙质板岩，表层岩体多呈弱风化，局部为强风化；岩体较坚硬完整，基本质量等级分类为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级；岩体的层面、坡面、结构面与临空面的组合关系有利于岩体的稳定性；没有发现岩体产生滑移的现象和证据。X光衍射试验分析表明，布达拉宫基岩中绝大多数为弱膨胀岩，其膨胀性对建筑物地垄墙体不会有太大影响。综合分析表明，布达拉宫地基岩体是稳定的。应该完善布达拉宫的给排水系统，减少地下水对地基岩体稳定性的不利影响。     

Early Cretaceous sinistral shearing and associated folding in the South Kitakami Belt, northeast Japan

Abstract   Early Cretaceous structural development of the southern part of the South Kitakami Belt, northeast Japan, is discussed through precise structural mapping and the measurement of semiquantitative strain. The mapping and measurement revealed that wide north- to northeast-trending sinistral shear zones occupied by the 'slate' with higher strain than the surrounding rocks run from the axial part to the western limb of major synclines, with the wavelength of 5–10 km. The major synclines with a U-shaped rock distribution opening to the south are interpreted to be drag folds along the sinistral shear zones. These structures were modified by a second stage of Early Cretaceous sinistral shearing characterized by localized high-temperature mylonite zones along the rim of some of the 120 Ma granitoids that cut the major folds and baked the 'slate' in the older shear zones mentioned above. The rocks of the South Kitakami Belt, which had undergone two stages of shearing, were rapidly exhumed before the deposition of the Late Aptian–Albian Miyako Group. Finally, a restoration model is presented of the Early Cretaceous sinistral displacement and deformation in the study area.     

Comparison of Kriging and Neural Networks With Application to the Exploitation of a Slate Mine

To carry out an efficient and effective exploitation of a slate mine, it is necessary to have detailed information about the production potential of the site. To assist us in estimating the quality of slate from a small set of drilling data within an unexploited portion of the mine, the following estimation techniques were applied: kriging, regularization networks (RN), multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks, and radial basis function (RBF) networks. Our numerical results for the test holes show that the best results were obtained using an RN (kriging) which takes into account the known anisotropy. Differing deposit configurations were obtained, depending on the method applied. Variations in the form of pockets were obtained when using a radial pattern with RBF, RN, and kriging models while a stratified pattern was obtained with the MLP model. Pockets are more suitable for a slate mine, which indicates that the selection of a technique should take account of the specific configuration of the deposit according to mineral type.     

滇西北羊拉铜矿床赋矿围岩的时代和物源区特征:锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄的制约

滇西北德钦县羊拉铜矿床赋矿围岩沉积时代的确定对深入研究羊拉铜矿的矿床成因、形成时代和构造背景具有重要的地质意义。笔者等对羊拉铜矿区里农矿段赋矿围岩绿泥板岩进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得的碎屑锆石年龄范围为306~2606 Ma,主要年龄峰约为345 Ma、429 Ma、1446 Ma、1515 Ma和1829 Ma。其中约345 Ma的最年轻的主要年龄峰限定了羊拉铜矿床赋矿围岩的沉积时代为石炭纪,并非前人认为的泥盆纪。约345 Ma的岩浆事件最为强烈,对应金沙江洋盆扩张的时代,其伴随的海底火山-喷流沉积作用可能发生于石炭纪,石炭纪的海底火山喷流-沉积作用在羊拉铜矿床的形成过程中起了主导作用,而后期花岗闪长岩体对原生层状铜矿体的叠加改造主要集中于三叠纪。此外,绿泥板岩中约为1446 Ma、1515 Ma、1829 Ma和2423 Ma的古老碎屑锆石年龄峰,暗示了金沙江缝合带羊拉铜矿区变质沉积岩的沉积物源可能来源于扬子陆块。