基于SPAC法探测松科二井深层地热储水构造

微动探测技术作为一种获取地下地层速度结构和探测隐伏断裂构造的方法, 具有无须人工源、勘测过程便捷、抗干扰能力强的优势, 在城市、村庄浅层勘探中很受青睐。为进一步探索松辽盆地北部深层地热资源潜力, 在黑龙江省安达市南部松科二井及周边, 布设了一条微动探测剖面, 以获取该区嫩江组至坳陷层底部登娄库组地层的横波速度结构。基于空间自相关法(SPAC)从微动信号的垂直分量中提取S波频散曲线, 通过内插、光滑与反演计算, 获得了一条长9 km、探测深度达到地下4000 m的二维S波速度结构剖面。探测结果表明: 研究区地下S波速度总体呈现西高东低的趋势, 在松科二井西侧100 m、东侧2300 m、东侧3700 m处, 深度1400~2800 m范围内存在三个明显的低速异常带, 推测这些位置很可能存在断层或隐伏断裂构造。结合地层分层资料, 在该深度范围内以泉头组和登娄库组为主, 岩性多为砂岩和泥岩互层, 是良好的水热储层。本研究探索了基于空间自相关法的微动探测在识别深层地热储水构造的适用性, 为松辽盆地北部清洁能源调查指明方向。     

地震波面波空间相干性规律研究

In this paper, seismic records of Taiwan LSST array and SMART-1 array were selected to calculate the S-wave and surface wave coherence coefficients at different station distances. And then the coherence function model proposed by Loh was used to fit the calculation results. After comparison and analysis, we found that when the distance d < 50 m, the coherency coefficients of surface wave and S-waves are basically the same; when the distance d = 50 m , the coherency coefficients of surface wave is smaller than that of S-wave, and as the distance increases, the differences gradually increase. When the distance d > 500 m, the spatial coherency of the surface wave hardly exists, so no further consideration is needed. Finally, the surface wave coherency model parameters were given in this paper, which can be used as a reference for the synthetic ground motion field in the seismic analysis for long and large structures in large basins.     

On Shear-wave Splitting in Tangshan Region

Shear-wave splitting in Tangshan region is studied by using digital seismic data.Analyzing 3-component digital seismic data in Tangshan strong ground motion array,it is found that almost all earthquakes occurred during 1982 to 1984 have significant shear-wave splitting.The polarization directions of faster shear waves in 7 stations are near EW,which are consistent with the axis of maximum principal compressive stress obtained from earthquake fault mechanisms and geodetic surveys.The crack densities of the 7 stations are roughly estimated,0.019 for TS01,TS02 and TS15,0.015 for TS03,TS07 and TS18 and 0.024 for TS19,by using the average time delay of slow shear-wave at the 7 stations.     

中国北部及其邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构

本文利用中周期和长周期瑞利面波资料分别反演得到中国北部及其邻区的三维Ｓ波带度结构。结果表明，地壳中横向非均匀性非常明显，许多地区显示出构造活动的特征；上地幔速度结构的横向变化相对减小。研究区的地壳厚度从东向西逐渐增大，地壳平均速度分布的格局与地壳厚度分布大体一致。地壳厚度与地壳平均速度的空变带处与布格重力异常梯级带基本一致。从数据上看，地壳厚度远比地壳平均速度与布格重力异常的一致性程度高，因此可以     

S波分裂在地震预报中应用的讨论

本文综述S波分裂研究的现状、基本原理与方法及其在地震预报中的应用。在此基础上,提出了可能的研究方向和存在的问题。主要是提出了一种按射线路径方位扫描的方法。     

各向异性与S波分裂及其在地震预报中的含意

近十年来世界在地震各向异性与S波分裂研究领域取得的长足进展,特别是英国科学家将S波分裂理论与观测实验技术逐步引向地震预报研究的努力,说明S波分裂作为体波在各向异性介质中传播的最显著特征,可望提供地震波穿过岩石内部结构最可靠的信息,而震前应力变化最直接的效应将会改变裂纹的几何图象。S波分裂研究是伴随通讯革命在地球物理学领域内发展起来的前沿学科,其形成的高技术反过来又可能产生重大经济效益,特别对石油、地热、煤炭、工程等部门更是如此。通过对国内外大量有关文献的分析、比较和筛选,对无序的情报信息作了有序的浓缩加工,本文将看重概述地震各向异性与S波分裂研究领域的发展历史、S波分裂机理及近期研究成果、S波分裂在地震预报研究中的应用、以及各向异性与S波分裂研究的前景,并给予相应评述。     

Seismic constraints on magma chambers at Hekla and Torfajökull volcanoes,Iceland

Hekla and Torfajökull are active volcanoes at a rift–transform junction in south Iceland. Despite their location next to each other they are physically and geologically very different. Hekla is an elongate stratovolcano, built mainly of basaltic andesite. Torfajökull is a prominent rhyolitic centre with a 12-km-diameter caldera and extensive geothermal activity. The scope of this study is to examine the propagation of body waves of local earthquakes across the Hekla–Torfajökull area and look for volumes of anomalous S-wave attenuation, which can be evidence of magma chambers. So far the magma chamber under Hekla has been modelled with various geophysical means, and its depth has been estimated to be 5–9 km. A data set of 118 local earthquakes, providing 663 seismic rays scanning Hekla and Torfajökull, was used in this study. The major part, 650 seismograms, did not show evidence for S-wave attenuation under these volcanoes. Only six seismograms had clear signs of S-wave attenuation and seven seismograms were uncertain cases. The data set samples Hekla well at depths of 8–14 km, and south part of it also at 4–8 km and 14–16 km. Western Torfajökull is sampled well at depths of 4–14 km, eastern and southern Torfajökull at 6–12 km. Conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the existence of magma beyond these depth ranges. Also, magma volumes of smaller dimensions than about 800 m cannot be detected with this method. If a considerable molten volume exists under Hekla, it must be located either above 4 km or below 14 km. The former possibility seems unlikely, because Hekla lacks geothermal activity and persistent seismicity, usually taken as expressions of a shallow magma chamber. An aseismic volume with a diameter of 4 km at the depth of 8 km in the west part of Torfajökull has been inferred in earlier studies and interpreted as evidence for a cooling magma chamber. Our results indicate that this volume cannot be molten to a great extent because S-waves travelling through it are not attenuated. Intense geothermal activity and low-frequency earthquakes are possibly signs of magma in the south part of Torfajökull, but a magma chamber was not detected there in the areas sampled by this study.Editorial responsibility: T. Druitt     

Analytical One-Way Plane-Wave Solution in the 1-D Anisotropic “Simplified Twisted Crystal” Model

Analytical expressions for the exact 2 × 2 one-way propagator matrix of a plane S wave, propagating along the axis of spirality in the simple 1-D anisotropic simplified twisted crystal model, are presented. The analytical equations are useful in testing the applicability and accuracy of various approximate wavefield modelling methods, especially of the coupling ray theory and of its various quasi-isotropic approximations and various numerical implementations.In addition to the exact analytical solution of the elastodynamic equation in the simplified twisted crystal model, the analytical solutions of the equations of the four ray methods are given. The ray methods are (a) the coupling ray theory, (b) the coupling ray theory with the quasi-isotropic perturbation of travel times, (c) the anisotropic ray theory, (d) the isotropic ray theory. These four approximate solutions of the elastodynamic equation are roughly compared with the exact solution. Both the exact analytical solution and the analytical ray-theory solutions in the simplified twisted crystal model are also helpful in debugging computer codes for various approximate wavefield modelling methods, especially for the coupling ray theory.     

乌鲁木齐及附近地区剪切波分裂特征研究

利用S波分裂的方法，分析了2003年2月14日新疆石河子5．4级地震前后多台所记录的小地震的S波分裂特征，发现震源附近地区的S波分裂特征对中强震仍有一定的前兆意义．震中附近的3个地震台记录的S波偏振方向在5．4级地震前出现由原来与区域应力场一致的NE向转为NW向震后又转回NE向。5．4级地震前各台记录的慢波延迟时间总体表现出由小变大的特征．