A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON UPPER CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

In this paper, using the double difference tomography method, the P wave and S wave velocity structures of the earth's crust beneath the Three Gorges Reservoir are inversed based on the high-resolution seismic data of seismological stations recorded from March 2009 to December 2010. According to the research results, the P wave and S wave crust velocity zones in the Three Gorges Reservoir area show a high V_P value area and a V_S value area with value low in the lower part and high in the upper part, distributing respectively at both sides of Shennongxi River to western Xietan in the north of Badong and near the outlet of the Xiangxi River at the northern section on Xiannvshan Fault. In the region from the two sides of Shennong River in the north of Badong to the western Xietan, microseisms are distributed in three zones in near east-west direction, with steep and north-dipping sections, spreading along the high-to-low velocity transition zone of the P and S wave. On the northern section of Xiannvshan Fault, small earthquakes are distributed along the NNW-trending Xiannvshan Fault, and the geological section reveals a steep and linear distribution along the transitional zone between the high V_P value area and the V_S value that is low in the upper and high in the lower part. Joint inversion results show a good consistency of the planes of the microseisms with the distribution of active faults.     

Crustal attenuation characteristics of S-waves beneath the Eastern Tohoku region,Japan

An inversion method was applied to crustal earthquakes dataset to find S-wave attenuation characteristics beneath the Eastern Tohoku region of Japan.Accelerograms from 85 shallow crustal earthquakes up to25 km depth and magnitude range between 3.5 and 5.5were analyzed to estimate the seismic quality factor Q_s. A homogeneous attenuation model Q_s for the wave propagation path was evaluated from spectral amplitudes, at 24 different frequencies between 0.5 and 20 Hz by using generalized inversion technique. To do this, non-parametric attenuation functions were calculated to observe spectral amplitude decay with hypocentral distance. Then, these functions were parameterized to estimate Q_s. It was found that in Eastern Tohoku region, the Q_s frequency dependence can be approximated with the function 33 f~(1.22) within a frequency range between 0.5 and 20 Hz. However,the frequency dependence of Q_s in the frequency range between 0.5 and 6 Hz is best approximated by Q_s(f) = 36f~(0.94) showing relatively weaker frequency dependence as compared to the relation Q_s(f) = 6 f~(2.09) for the frequency range between 6 and 15 Hz. These results could be used to estimate source and site parameters for seismic hazard assessment in the region.     

利用SPAC法估算地壳S波速度结构

S波速度结构能够反映地球介质的物性差异,是地壳内低速区结构特征判别的重要依据.本文尝试利用空间自相关法(SPAC法)从地震台站微动信号的垂直分量中提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,通过对频散曲线的反演获得地下介质的S波速度结构.以国家数字测震台网8个宽频带地震台站的实测微动数据为例,采用SPAC方法获得了首都圈地区北京附近约30 km 深度范围内的一维S波速度结构.结果表明,该区结晶基底埋深较浅约2 km;分别在5~8 km 和12~16 km 深处发育S波低速层;8 km 和 20 km 处是S波速度差异较大的速度分界面.这一结果与以往地震学及人工地震探测结果较为吻合,表明SPAC法估算地壳S波速度结构是可行、有效的.     

南海中北部陆缘横波速度结构及其构造意义

纵横波联合勘探可以得到更多关于岩石圈层岩性、物性等介质属性方面的信息,有效提高地壳物质组成的约束性.在纵波速度结构模型的基础上,通过射线追踪和走时拟合对OBS2006-3地震剖面径向分量的转换震相进行了横波速度结构模拟.结果表明:沉积层1、沉积层2的横波速度分别为0.7～0.9 km/s和1.6～1.7 km/s,波速...     

Dipping-interface Mapping Using Mode-separated Rayleigh Waves

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are contoured using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. Based on the assumption that a dipping-layer model can be regarded as stepped flat layers, high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) has been proposed to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy and separate modes of Rayleigh waves from a multichannel record. With the mode-separation technique, therefore, a dispersion curve that possesses satisfactory accuracy can be calculated using a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. In this study, using synthetic models containing a dipping layer with a slope of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 degrees and a real-world example, we assess the ability of using high-resolution LRT to image and separate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from raw surface-wave data and accuracy of dispersion curves generated by a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that a dipping interface with a slope smaller than 15 degrees can be successfully mapped by separated fundamental waves using high-resolution LRT.     

川西地区壳幔结构与汶川MS8.0级地震的孕震背景

收集了四川数字地震台网记录的57个远震事件,并从宽频带数字化三分量地震记录中计算出了马尔康（MEK）、都江堰（YZP）、中江（JJS）、江油（ZJG）、广元（YTS）、康定（GDS）、汉源（XJP）、雅安（MDS）、峨眉山（EMS）、沐川（WMP）、仁寿（YGD）、荣县（HMS）等12个台站下方的远震P波径向接收函数.另外,引入地震勘探中的动校正技术,将各台的接收函数校正到67°的参考震中距处,然后对接收函数进行叠加以增强信号,并把叠加接收函数作为台站下方的平均接收函数.最后,利用台站下的平均接收函数反演得到S波速度结构.反演结果表明：以锦屏山—龙门山断裂为界,其西侧地壳厚达70 km,而东侧仅为50 km左右,Moho面在断裂下方形成了一个陡坎;川西地区的地壳速度结构与川中地区差异较大,主要表现在川西地区的中地壳存在厚度为8~22 km的低速层.在都江堰、雅安一带,低速层的厚度最大,其厚度在20~22 km之间,其上地壳为一个坚硬固体,在区域构造应力场作用下,形成了孕育大地震的构造环境.     

土坝体隐患弹性波探测中的横波优势

用于土坝体隐患探测中的弹性波波媒主要包括纵波、横波、表面波等等,由于组成土坝体不同介质结构特有的弹性波波速特性,选择横波作为弹性波勘探的波媒具有比纵波优越的地球物理前提条件,而且通常具有能量强、分辨率高、波成分相对简单、易于对比分辨(极性特征)等特点;当然,横波具有主频频率低、激发效率低等不利特征.但综合来看,在土坝体隐患探测中,选择弹性波勘探方法,还是以横波作为波媒具有明显优势.     

利用背景噪声层析成像方法反演新疆天山及邻区S波速度结构

利用新疆地震台网52个固定台站和天山地区新布设的11个流动台为期1年的观测数据,采用背景噪声层析成像方法获得了天山及邻区(41°～48°N,79°～91°E)10～50s的瑞利面波相速度分布图像,使用基于贝叶斯的马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC)方法反演得到研究区地壳上地幔S波速度结构.研究结果表明,准噶尔盆地沉积盖层南深...