云南安宁地区石虎山花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征和锆石Hf同位素组成及其成因

石虎山花岗岩岩体位于安宁市德滋村附近,本文对该岩体开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学、锆石Hf同位素组成研究。结果获得(616±20) Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和(839±17) Ma、(766±15) Ma、(705.5±9.4) Ma的继承性年龄,说明岩体形成于新元古代埃迪卡拉纪;其中(839±17) Ma、(766±15) Ma、(705.5±9.4) Ma的继承性年龄组合可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解构造过程的记录,839 Ma、616 Ma可能是Rodinia超大陆在扬子板块西缘开始裂解与最终裂解时限。花岗岩主量、微量元素特征显示,其产生于伸展环境的高硅、过铝、高钾的A型花岗岩;锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值均小于0,在t-t(Ma)和t-(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)图上,所有样品点均落在上地壳演化线之上,二阶段模式年龄变化范围为1.77～2.31 Ga,结合Nb/Y—Rb/Y图解,表明成岩物质主要来源于古元古代古老下地壳页岩60%部分熔融。     

东昆仑南带中元古代晚期-新元古代早期叠层石组合的发现

东昆仑南带加嗡门地区碳酸盐岩地层中发现的中元古代晚期-新元古代早期叠层石组合以大型锥叠层石及其相关的分子Conophyton garganicus var. inkeni,C. cf. ressoti Menchikov, Jacutophyton f. 和Conicodomenia cf. longotenuia等最丰富, 并与Baicalia共生, 故可视之为Conophyton-Baicalia组合.这叠层石组合可以与天山、华北等地蓟县系中部-青白口系中部叠层石组合对比,尤其酷似于天山地区蓟县系的爱尔基干组合和华北蓟县系的闪坡岭叠层石组合,而显著有别于华南地块.它还可以与南乌拉尔、西伯利亚、北美、北非和阿拉斯加半岛等地区的中里菲界上部--上里菲界下部层位中的叠层石组合对比.加嗡门叠层石组合的时限为距今1 300～850 Ma,大致为蓟县纪中期-青白口纪中期或中里菲晚期-晚里菲早期.东昆仑南带存在前寒武纪微地块,当时此微地块的古地理和古环境与天山、华北、西伯利亚和阿拉斯加半岛等地区的前寒武纪地块相似,均位于低纬度区,其上均广泛发育适宜叠层石繁育的温暖陆表海,它们可能共同处于罗迪尼亚超大陆的低纬度大陆边缘部位,与华南地块的不同.这对本区和东昆仑地层和大地构造研究,以及对罗迪尼亚超大陆重建提供了新的古生物约束.     

1.60 Ga felsic volcanic blocks in the moraines of the Terre Adélie Craton,Antarctica: Comparisons with the Gawler Range Volcanics,South Australia

Rhyodacite and rhyolite blocks found in numerous moraines on the Terre Adélie Craton in Antarctica are samples of a high‐temperature high‐K calc‐alkaline to alkali‐calcic igneous suite emplaced at ca 1.60 Ga. They comprise lavas and pyroclastic rocks, including ignimbritic varieties, chemically representative of anorogenic and post‐orogenic igneous suites. The eruptive centres are probably close to the coast according to radar satellite images that show the trace of the ice streams. The volcanic suite is similar in age, petrography and chemical composition (major and trace elements as well as Nd isotopes) to the Gawler Range Volcanics from the Gawler Craton of South Australia. These similarities strengthen correlations previously established between the Gawler Craton and the Terre Adélie Craton (Mawson Continent). Moreover, the present petrological, geochemical and geochronological data give a new insight into the last major thermal event affecting the Mawson Continent. The results also highlight the useful contribution of moraines to our knowledge of Antarctic geology.     

Continental flood basalts of the Huashan Group,northern margin of the Yangtze block – implications for the breakup of Rodinia

It is generally accepted that Neoproterozoic extension and dispersal of the supercontinent Rodinia was associated with mantle plume or superplume activities. However, plume-generated contemporaneous continental flood basalts (CFBs) have rarely been identified. In this study, we present geochronological and geochemical evidence for the basalts from the Liufangzui Formation of the Huashan Group in the Dahongshan region of east-central China. A representative sample yields a SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age of 824 ± 9 Ma, interpreted as the crystallization age of the rocks. Geochemically, these basalts belong to the subalkaline tholeiite series and display slight enrichments in light rare earth elements (LREE) and varying degrees of deficiency of high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. This pattern is very similar to that of CFBs from the Bikou Group and Tiechuanshan Formation in the northwestern Yangtze block in China and Siberia in Russia. The basaltic magmas underwent partially-fractional crystallization during ascent, but were not intensely influenced by crustal contamination. The characteristic element ratios and negative Hf isotopic analyses (?_Hf(t) = ?6.6–2.6) in zircons indicate that the parental magmas of the basalts might have been derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle rather than from the depleted mantle such as normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORBs). The geochemical signatures and regional geological characteristics show that these basalts were formed along intraplate continental rifts rather than in island arcs or ocean basins. Considering the coeval basic volcanic rocks in South China, we propose that these Huashan Group basalts represent the remnants of plume-generated CFBs and have close spatiotemporal ties with a coeval basic igneous province in Australia. Our results support the Neoproterozoic location of the South China block adjacent to southeastern Australia in the reconstruction model of the supercontinent Rodinia.     

Mid-Late Neoproterozoic China： Geological records Rodinia rift-related volcanic rocks in of rifting and break-up of

Early Cambrian and Mid-Late Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks in China are widespread on several Precambrian continental blocks,which had aggregated to form part of the Rodinia supercontinent by ca.900 Ma.On the basis of petrogeochemical data,the basic lavas can be classified into two major magma types:HT(Ti/Y>500) and LT(Ti/Y<500) that can be further divided into HT1 (Nb/La>0.85) and HT2(Nb/La≤0.85),and LT1(Nb/La>0.85) and LT2(Nb/La≤0.85) subtypes, respectively.The geochemical variation of the HT2 and LT2 lavas can be accounted for by lithospheric contamination of asthenosphere-(or plume-) derived magmas,whereas the parental magmas of the HT1 and LT1 lavas did not undergo,during their ascent,pronounced lithospheric contamination.These volcanics exhibit at least three characteristics:(1) most have a compositional bimodality;(2) they were formed in an intracontinental rift setting;and(3) they are genetically linked with mantle plumes or a mantle surperplume.This rift-related volcanism at end of the MidNeoproterozoic and Early Cambrian coincided temporally with the separation between AustraliaEast Antarctica,South China and Laurentia and between Australia and Tarim,respectively. The Mid—Late Neoproterozoic volcanism in China is the geologic record of the rifting and break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia.     

康滇地轴元古代重大地质事件与拉拉IOCG矿床成矿响应

有关IOCG最新研究成果建议,将IOCG矿床限定于资源量大于1 Mt的大型/超大型矿床。对世界上已知的大型/超大型IOCG矿床的成矿背景和成矿作用进行分析对比,发现前寒纪大型/超大型IOCG矿床均位于前寒纪超大陆的边缘、形成于非造山期,与壳幔相互作用有关,与板底垫托、地幔柱等相关的重大地质事件关系密切。通过对康滇地轴元古代地质体岩石/矿物的同位素年龄数据分析研究,同时对拉拉IOCG矿床成矿特征及同位素测龄分析,认为扬子地台西缘康滇地轴存在早元古代早期(2 486～1 884 Ma BP)古陆壳,是Kenorland超大陆的一部分。在中元古代发育了康滇陆缘裂谷(1 725～1 466 Ma BP),与Columbia超大陆非造山期同时。新元古代的晋宁运动使该裂谷产物变质,及形成康定杂岩,成为康滇地轴的上层结晶基底(1 100～721 Ma BP)。其是Rodinia超大陆的拼贴与裂解事件的响应。拉拉矿床具有2期成矿作用。第一期火山喷发成矿期(1 712～1 680 Ma BP),是康滇裂谷事件的产物。第二期变质热液成矿期主成矿阶段(1 000～900Ma BP),是Rodinia超大陆的拼贴作用的响应。康滇地轴元代地层中具有形成IOCG矿床的巨大潜力。     

北大巴山凤凰山岩体锆石U Pb LA ICP MS年龄及其构造意义

北大巴山凤凰山岩体是扬子陆块北缘典型的新元古代侵入岩群,对采自岩体的6个花岗岩(闪长岩)样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年分析。定年数据显示,岩浆活动可分为早期(797±6Ma)、中期(770±6Ma、774±5Ma)、晚期(755±6Ma、750±13Ma和743±6Ma)三个阶段,证实凤凰山岩体为多期岩浆侵入形成。这几期岩浆活动在扬子陆块具同步性和普遍性,广泛被记录在黄陵、汉南等其它新元古代杂岩中。凤凰山花岗岩完整记录了扬子陆块北缘南华纪初期的区域拉张—裂陷事件,其形成可能与导致Rodinia超大陆裂解作用的幕式地幔柱活动有关。本次研究对认识扬子陆块新元古代地壳生长与再造过程及Rodinia超大陆裂解机制具有重要意义。     

克拉通演化的超大陆背景与克拉通盆地的成因机制

研究表明克拉通的形成与超大陆的汇聚和裂解有着重要关系。本文对近年来超大陆重建的研究进行了分析对比,对克拉通发展与超大陆事件的关系做出了总结。前人对超大陆的研究表明,其形成与地幔动力有直接联系,地幔柱重组的旋回导致了超大陆的旋回。Phillips and Bunge（2007）在前人三维球体地幔对流模型的基础上加入大陆进行了模拟实验,结果显示周期性的超大陆旋回只发生在理想模型中,而Senshu et al.（2009）对代表陆壳的英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗岩（TTG）地壳进行了研究,提出随着俯冲的TTG地壳产热速率的下降,超大陆旋回的周期随之变长;更有许多学者指出,历史上哥伦比亚超大陆存在时间明显较长,因此超大陆的旋回并不具有周期性。对近年来不同学者提出的哥伦比亚、 罗迪尼亚、 冈瓦纳、 潘基亚4个超大陆新的重建证据进行分析,大致确定出上述4个超大陆的形成时间、 格局及演化过程。此外,对华北、 东欧、 西伯利亚、 亚马孙、 刚果、 西非6个克拉通各自的演化进行分析,也显示出克拉通演化与超大陆汇聚及裂解在时间与空间上有对应关系。通过分析得出克拉通演化与超大陆旋回有关,且确定出克拉通演化的4个超大陆旋回。本文最后讨论了克拉通盆地的成因机制以及3种端元类型,并将盆地的发育与超大陆演化的巨旋回相联系。     

Continental origin of the Bibong eclogite,southwestern Gyeonggi massif,South Korea

Eclogite is a high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rock that provides important information about the subduction of both continental and oceanic crusts. In this study we present SHRIMP zircon U–Pb isotopic data for a suite of the basement gneisses to investigate the origin of the Proterozoic Bibong eclogite in the Hongseong area, South Korea. Zircon grains from the basement felsic gneisses yielded Paleoproterozoic protolith ages ranging from ca. 2197 to 1880 Ma, and were intruded by syenite at ca. 750 Ma. A HP regional metamorphic event of Triassic age (ca. 255–227 Ma) is recorded in the zircon rims of the country rocks, which is also observed in the zircons from the eclogite. The contacts between the Bibong eclogite and its host rocks support an origin for the Proterozoic protoliths, indicating continental intrusions. The Hongseong area thus preserves evidence for the Triassic collision, indicating a tectonic linkage among the northeast Asian continents.     

Mantle convection modeling of the supercontinent cycle： Introversion,extroversion, or a combination？

The periodic assembly and dispersal of continental fragments,referred to as the supercontinent cycle,bear close relation to the evolution of mantle convection and plate tectonics.Supercontinent formation involves complex processes of"introversion"(closure of interior oceans),"extroversion"(closure of exterior oceans),or a combination of these processes in uniting dispersed continental fragments.Recent developments in numerical modeling and advancements in computation techniques enable us to simulate Earth’s mantle convection with drifting continents under realistic convection vigor and rheology in Earth-like geometry(i.e.,3D spherical-shell).We report a numerical simulation of 3D mantle convection,incorporating drifting deformable continents,to evaluate supercontinent processes in a realistic mantle convection regime.Our results show that supercontinents are assembled by a combination of introversion and extroversion processes.Small-scale thermal heterogeneity dominates deep mantle convection during the supercontinent cycle,although large-scale upwelling plumes intermittently originate under the drifting continents and/or the supercontinent.