早前寒武纪变质地层学研究的回顾与思考

主要论述了与早前寒武纪变质地层（学）有关的8个方面的问题：早前寒武纪变质地层的研究概况；早前寒武纪变质地层的复杂性和研究难度；早前寒武纪变质地层研究的思路和工作方法；早前寒武纪变质岩石地层单位岩群、岩组和杂岩的划分问题；重要区域性不整合的研究；鉴定变质地层的原岩类型、岩石性质和恢复古环境；正确区分变质地层和TTG岩系以及其他变质深成岩；变质地层时代的确定。另外，对今后的研究工作提出了3项建议。     

斜方角闪石组合的变质压力类型

斜方角闪石组合是前寒武纪变质岩系中的一种特殊的岩石类型，以富Mg、Al，贫Ca、K为特征，矿物组成为堇青石、斜方角闪石和富铝矿物如Al2SiO5、十字石、石榴石、斜长石、云母类和单斜角闪石类。其分布遍及欧亚及大洋洲各地的古老岩系中，在许多产地与硫化物矿床有密切关系。按其变质条件可以分为低压和高压两种类型：低压型以堇青石-直闪石-镁铁闪石组合为特征；高压型以蓝晶石、铝直闪石组合为特征，有时有石榴石。堇青石、十字石构成围绕蓝晶石周围的冠状体，成为变质地体经历近绝热抬升的极好证据。本文论述其特征矿物组合、结构的演化、所涉及的变质反应及其形成的构造环境。     

豫西前寒武纪汝阳群和洛峪群中风暴沉积

豫西前寒式纪汝阳群和洛峪群中广泛发育不同类型的风暴岩,主要包括丘状交错层砂岩、洼状交错层砂岩、浅水浊积岩以及与风暴作用有关的硬底、凝缩层和层间砾岩。不同类型风暴署具有不同的岩相组合及形成过程,并且发育在浅海陆棚的不同沉积带中。由洼伏交错层砂岩为主的相组合代表了滨岸带的下部;丘状交错层砂岩相组合指示风暴浪基面以上的内陆棚;而浅水浊积岩相组合则主要发育在外陆棚沉积区。这种风暴岩的沉积模式可用于详细恢复受风暴影响的古陆棚环境。     

The Discovery of Retene in Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic Marine Formations

Microscopic and SEM observations of thin sections and kerogens and GC-MS analyses of aromatic fractions in sediment extracts and pyrolysis products of kerogens provide strong evidence suggesting that in the Lower Yangtze Valley area the Sinian and Lower Paleozoic carbonate formations of marine facies received no higher plant input,but there was produced abundant retene during diagenesis and abietic acid substances are still its precursors.     

前寒武纪地质体中金矿产的形成时代

赋存在前寒武纪地质体中的金矿产,除外生者与地质体沉积期为同时代形成,但一般还有沉积期后内生成矿作用叠加、改造者以外,其他内生金矿产则可能与火山喷发-沉积或岩)或侵入成岩同期,也可能是在成岩期后的前寒武纪构造-岩浆作用下新生、改造和叠加形成,还可以在显生宇地槽阶段、地洼阶段的强烈构造-岩浆作用下新生、改造和叠加形成。本文重点讨论其形成时代的判别及在地洼阶段形成、并赋存在前寒武纪地质体中的金矿产。     

Ages and Compositions of the Precambrian High-grade Basement of the Qilian Terrane and Its Adjacent Areas

Based on geological, chronological, geochemical and Nd isotopic studies of the high-grade basement of the Qilian terrane, the authors have drawn the following main conclusions: (1) the high-grade basement of the Qilian terrane consists mainly of meta-argillo-arenaceous rocks and granites and its bulk part was formed in the period of 0.8-1.0 Ga (the Jinningian period); (2) most of the meta-argillo-arenaceous rocks and granitic rocks have strong negative Eu and Ba anomalies (Eu/Eu*= 0.47-0.71 and Ba/Ba*=0.16-0.64), with fDM and εNd(1.0 Ga) ranging from 1.87 to 2.26 Ga and from -8.54 to -4.06 respectively, showing relatively high maturity; and (3) the Jinningian granitic rocks are a typical product of continent-continent collision, being probably related to the formation of the supercontinent Rodinia. These studies, combined with the study of high-grade basement rocks near the Qilian terrane, suggest that before the Jinningian period, the Qilian-Qaidam northern-margin terrane and Dunhuang-Alxa terrane wer     

Silicification in the Belt Supergroup (Mesoproterozoic), Glacier National Park, Montana, USA

Nodular cherts can provide a window on the original sediment composition, diagenetic history and biota of their host rock because of their low susceptibility to further diagenetic alteration. The majority of Phanerozoic cherts formed by the intraformational redistribution of biogenic silica, particularly siliceous sponge spicules, radiolarian tests and diatom frustules. In the absence of a biogenic silica source, Precambrian cherts necessarily had to have had a different origin than Phanerozoic cherts. The Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup in Glacier National Park contains a variety of chert types, including silicified oolites and stromatolites, which have similar microtextures and paragenesis to Phanerozoic cherts, despite their different origins. Much of the silicification in the Belt Supergroup occurred after the onset of intergranular compaction, but before the main episode of dolomitization. The Belt Supergroup cherts probably had an opal-CT precursor, in the same manner as many Phanerozoic cherts. Although it is likely that Precambrian seas had higher silica concentrations than at present because of the absence of silica-secreting organisms, no evidence was observed that would suggest that high dissolved silica concentrations in the Belt sea had a significant widespread effect on silicification. The rarity of microfossils in Belt Supergroup cherts indicates that early silicification, if it occurred, was exceptional and restricted to localized environments. The similarity of microtextures in cherts of different ages is evidence that the silicification process is largely controlled by host carbonate composition and dissolved silica concentration during diagenesis, regardless of the source of silica.     

华北克拉通南缘的地块差异性及其成矿意义

研究表明:华北克拉通南缘的基底系由嵩箕地块、华熊地块等构成,两地块在中岳(吕梁)运动时(1850Ma)沿三门峡-宝丰断裂带拼合。两地块各自具有独立的地质演化史,二者在基底、盖层、岩浆岩、构造线方向和矿产等方面都存在一系列明显的差异。用块体构造认识华北前寒武纪基底的组成不均一性,对认识与研究华北及其周边的构造特征并确定找矿方向具有十分重要的意义。     

对中天山隆起(变质)带前寒武系的探讨

关于中天山隆起带是否存在?其范围、构成的地层时代等问题仍有争论.七八十年代以来,在隆起带内获得了31个同位素地质年龄数据和大量中、晚元古代的叠层石和微古植物孢粉.结合隆起带内具条带状构造的含铁石英岩等资料,论证了中天山隆起带出露有整个元古代的变质岩层.可能还出露有太古界,而且前寒武系在该带的出露基本上是连续的.