地下管线竣工验收方法探讨

结合亦庄经济技术开发区再生水管线竣工验收的实际工作情况,分析了使用管线探测仪和地质雷达探测出地下管线位置和埋深的不同,同时对比分析了两种探测方法的优缺点。然后使用RTK测量地下管线三通、折点、变管径点等特殊点在地面投影和井盖的三维坐标,最后将获得的管线信息在CAD软件中展示出来,得到竣工管线的测绘成果。     

Oil pipeline construction in Eastern Siberia: Implications for indigenous people

Traditional economic activities, lifestyles and customs of many indigenous peoples in the Russian North, such as reindeer herding, hunting and fishing, are closely linked to quality of the natural environment. These traditional activities that constitute the core of indigenous cultures are impacted by extractive sector activities conducted in and around traditional territories of indigenous peoples. This paper examines implications of an oil pipeline development in Eastern Siberia on the Evenki community in the Aldan district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It examines community concerns about potential environmental damage and impacts on traditional livelihood. The paper analyses the interaction of indigenous communities with the pipeline project through interrogation of elements such as impact assessment, consultation, compensation, benefits, communication and public activism. The paper discusses how state policy and industry’s approach towards land rights and public participation affects the position of indigenous peoples and discusses barriers for their effective engagement. The analysis shows a number of policy failures in the protection of traditional natural resource use of indigenous peoples and provision of benefits with regards to the extractive sector that leave indigenous peoples marginalised in the process of development. There is a need to involve indigenous peoples on the basis of dialogue and partnership, improve regulation and shift industry’s approach towards consideration and engagement.     

中俄原油管道沿线多年冻土环境评价方法探讨

中俄原油管道中国段北起漠河（连崟）,向南沿大兴安岭东坡和松嫩平原北部最终到大庆林源,管道全长953 km,其中漠河-乌尔其段为多年冻土区,长度441 km.沿线多年冻土,森林,沼泽湿地等环境要素相互依存,彼此影响.由于管道是长距离线性构筑物,在施工过程中对冻土环境影响较大.考虑了管道工程的特殊性和沿线的冻土环境要素资料...     

基于AutoCAD地下管线前端数据采集系统的开发

地下管线信息管理系统建成后,进行数据更新以保证各类管线的现势性和准确性是该项建设后续的棘手问题.地下管线竣工测馈是对地下管线信息管理系统数据更新的一个重要手段.结合<宁波市地下管线探测技术规程>,叙述地下管线竣工测量前端数据采集系统开发的原理和方法,保证竣丁更新管线的数据质量,提高工作效率.     

基于Android平台的地下管线数据移动采集软件设计与实现

城市地下管线是城市公共基础设施的重要组成部分,如何快速及时地维护和更新地下管线信息是城市管理的基础内容之一。利用纸笔绘制地下管线草图和属性信息的传统方式工作量大,数据质量低、效率差,已经不能适应目前的需求。本文基于Android和移动GIS设计并开发了地下管线信息采集系统,规范了地下管线外业数据采集流程。通过现场实际项目测试表明,该系统可以较好地提高地下管线数据采集的效率和质量,与地下管线数据的内业数据整理无缝衔接,满足城市管理中地下管线信息及时快速更新的需要。     

Modeling for the optimization of layout scenarios of cluster manifolds with pipeline end manifolds

The pipeline end manifold (PLEM) is an important subsea facility, which can greatly reduce the cost and risk of the development scenarios of deepwater oil and gas fields by declining the number of export pipelines and risers. However, the employment of PLEMs is a multidiscipline task involving substantial financial and technical factors. Due to various uncertainties of influencing factors, the evaluation process may take several months or years by the engineers with rich project experience. Thus, how to develop quantified reference tools using mathematical models to assist engineers in efficiently making their crucial decisions is essential. In this paper, the optimization of the layout scenarios of cluster manifolds with PLEMs is discussed, where a proposed mathematical model and its dedicated algorithm are illustrated. The optimal solution at the lowest cost can be obtained through in-house routine in MATLAB, including the optimal layout scenario, the number and locations of PLEMs, and the connection relations. Besides, the numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed mathematical model and its algorithm. The results show that this optimization layout problem in engineering can be described accurately by the presented mathematical model and the convergence rate of the given algorithm is efficient.     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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Stability of submerged rock berms exposed to motion of liquefied soil in waves

The paper describes the results of an experimental study on the behaviour of a submerged rock berm in liquefied backfill soil. The soil is liquefied by waves, and the rock berm is subject to the orbital motion of the liquefied soil. The soil used in the experiments was silt with d₅₀=0.075 mm. Various berm materials were used, stones of size 0.74-2.5 cm, plastic balls of size 3.6 cm, brass of size 2.5 cm and steel of size 1.0 cm. The experiments show that rock berms that are stable under very large waves can be unstable when they are exposed to the motion of liquefied soil. The limited data obtained in the study were plotted as a function of the mobility number versus the Keulegan-Carpenter number for the range of the Reynolds number of the tests. The critical mobility number corresponding to the incipient motion of the berm stones is determined. Recommendations are made as to how the present findings can be implemented in practice.     

A numerical model for onset of scour below offshore pipelines

A numerical model is developed to predict the onset of local scour below offshore pipelines in steady currents and waves. The scour is assumed to start when the pressure gradient underneath the pipeline exceeds the floatation gradient of the sediments. In this model, the water flow field above the bed is determined by solving the two-dimensional (2-D) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a k-ω turbulence closure. The seepage flow below the seabed is calculated by solving the Darcy's law (Laplace's equation) with known pressure distribution along the common boundaries of the flow domains-seabed. The numerical method used for both the turbulent flow around the pipeline and Darcy's flow in the seabed is a fractional finite element method. The average pressure gradient along the buried pipe surface is employed in the evaluation of onset condition with a calibration coefficient. The numerical model is validated against experimental data available in literature. A unified onset condition for steady currents and waves is proposed. Influences of flow parameters, including water depth, embedment depth, boundary layer thickness, Reynolds number (Re) and Keuleagan–Carpenter (KC) number, on the pressure drop coefficient over the pipeline are studied systematically.