Natural hazards vs human impact: an integrated methodological approach in geomorphological risk assessment on the Tursi historical site, Southern Italy

The Tursi–Rabatana historical site is very representative of the cultural heritage of Basilicata, Southern Italy. Morphological evolution of the landscape is characterized by very intense erosive phenomena such as landslides, deep gullies, rills, and piping, which affect the perimeter of urban settlements and threaten the conservation of these sites. Rainfalls and the lithology of the substratum are the main factors to which the landscape evolution is linked, triggering landslide and linear erosion phenomena. Climate analysis carried out during the last century showed an increasing trend in the rainfall intensity over extremely short periods. This condition also induced an increase in the vulnerability level of the slopes. Integrated analysis between territorial data (geology, geomorphology, climate) and historical documents showed that, at least from the last century, the geomorphological hazard has been accentuated by the intense human activity of cave excavation along several fronts under the present urban area. The geophysical investigation also permitted the mapping of shallow caves and tunnels in the subsurface reconstructing the multilevel complex hypogeal system. This work also produced evidence that the human interventions occurring during the historical period have been a determining factor in increasing the hazard level and accelerating the preexisting morphological processes.     

极少投影的CT成象研究

用极少投影对受腐蚀的管道进行ＣＴ成象，采用了ＧＰ法，ＡＲＴ法以及新提出的快速几何迭代算法，取得了较好的重建结果。对实验投影数据进行了射束硬化校准和高通滤波预处理，用预处理后的数据反演得到了满意的图象。此法也可适用于由１—２种材料构成的工件无损检测。     

辽宁瓦房店首次发现50号金伯利岩管深部隐伏矿体

金刚石俗称钻石,以其高硬度和稀缺性成为世界上最珍贵的矿物之一.金刚石矿床按成因可分为原生矿床与次生矿床两大类,原生矿床又可分为金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩型,蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿、碱性辉长辉绿岩、超高压变质岩、火山岩、陨石及其冲积相关的岩石中均有金刚石产出,但未形成矿床(路凤香等,1998;Cartigny,2005;Gurney et al.,2010).次生矿床主要为砂矿床.其中原生金伯利岩型金刚石是世界上金刚石矿产的主要来源(Mitchell,1991;Gurney et al.,2005).辽宁省瓦房店地区以盛产金伯利岩型原生金刚石闻名世界,尤以50号金伯利岩管金刚石品质最好,宝石级约占70％,质量属于世界一流(任厚民,1992;宋瑞祥,2013).     

AMT测深法在金刚石矿勘探中的应用

本文介绍了AMT(音频大地电磁测深)法在雅库特和俄罗斯的Archangelsk金刚石矿区勘探中的应用.文章描述了金伯利岩岩脉的位置和形状、电性参数、围岩和上覆岩层特性.金伯利岩矿区位于易于被AMT方法确定的参考导电层之上,或者在高阻层之上.金伯利岩岩脉发育在金伯利岩矿区良导的局部边缘地区.这些良导区与地堑构造有关,其边界与基底和厚层沉积覆盖的弯曲褶皱相一致,并具有强破裂和利于金伯利岩岩浆渗透的特点.依据AMT数据,可很好地确定局部良导区,并作为最有远景的矿脉发育区.利用AMT数据可确定断裂带和区分矿区的构造断层.金伯利岩控制的断层一般被圈闭的岩墙充填,易于被磁法资料确定,而金伯利岩的围岩断层不包含圈闭的岩墙,由磁法难以测量,因此就可较好地确定金伯利岩.本文给出了由沉积层覆盖的简单地质条件下发现岩脉的例子,也介绍了包含几种不同类型金伯利岩如导电的斑状金伯利岩、并被圈闭和厚层沉积覆盖的复杂地质条件下确定岩脉的实例.     

基于MapInfo的城市综合管网信息系统的开发

在分析城市综合管网信息管理现状和发展趋势的基础上,初步论述了在GIS平台下开发城市综合地下管网信息系统的意义和步骤,分析了系统应具有的功能和开发模式,并在此基础上介绍了开发设计的城市综合管网信息系统。     

Revisited Vanoni-Brooks sidewall correction

The evaluation of the sidewall friction could be inconvenient in the implement of the Vanoni-Brooks sidewall correction procedure.Using the Colebrook-White equation and Nikuradse’s pipe friction data,two explicit formulae are developed in this note for finding the sidewall friction factor.They are applicable for various sidewalls that are either hydrodynamically-smooth or rough,or in the transitional regime.     

软弱土质大口径长距离钢筋混凝土管泥水平衡顶管施工技术

结合亚运顶管工程施工,研究了软弱土质大口径长距离钢筋混凝土管泥水平衡顶管施工技术。包括工作井、顶进施工、监控量测、纠偏、注浆减阻、中继间、常见故障及排除方法等方面。解决了顶管施工中的重大技术难题,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

直接铺管法适应性研究

直接铺管法是一种新的直接铺管的施工方法,其结合了现有顶管和水平定向钻进设备的技术优势。针对不同管道铺设方法的优缺点以及14个直接铺管法的工程案例分析,从施工长度、管径、地质、施工费用等多方面进行了对比,分析直接铺管法的适应性,确定直接铺管法的使用范围。     

Modelling the effect of climate change induced soil settling on jointed drinking water distribution pipes

Soil settlements related to groundwater lowering are expected to be accelerated by climate change and may damage underground infrastructure networks. A 1D mechanical model, previously developed for continuous pipelines, has been extended towards jointed pipelines to calculate the stresses and joint rotations induced by the soil settlements. From the mechanical model, curve fits were acquired that can be used to estimate the bending moments and joint rotation. The curve fits differ per soil type, joint stiffness, joint position and joint distance. The stresses calculated by the 1D mechanical model and curve fits were validated by means of 3D finite element modelling. Using the curve fits, a probabilistic approach was followed by means of a Monte Carlo method to calculate the probability of failure of the pipeline system. The effect of joints is that the pipe stresses are reduced as the joints absorb a part of the soil displacement. For the probability of failure, the pipe stresses have a larger contribution than the joint rotation, as the joint rotation remains small compared to the maximum allowable joint rotation.     

重视和加强我省金刚石矿普查和找矿

我省开展金刚石普查和找矿的重点地区是大理海东-马关八寨新生代基性-超基性火山角烁岩筒分布地区。其次是腾冲新近纪及第四纪火山群分布地区及腾冲-瑞丽沿瑞丽江两岸冲积层、冲积阶地沉积分布区;第三是姚安及镇源新生代火山岩-次火山喷发侵入及煌斑岩分布区。