贵州西北部基性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征 及其与铅锌成矿关系初探

贵州西北部发育多处基性侵入岩,总体规模较小(约0.25 Km2),多沿深大断裂侵位,出露于铅锌矿点外围,本文对猫猫厂、凉山两处矿点附近的儿马冲和白岩庆两地小型基性侵入岩进行了重点研究。侵入岩主要岩性为细粒辉长岩,造岩矿物主要为拉长石、普通辉石。SiO2范围为49.60-51.09 wt%,MgO从3.88-4.27 wt %,TiO2为3.69-3.85 wt %。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为268.3±7.4 Ma,显示岩浆侵位于二叠纪。基性侵入岩的微量元素蛛网图呈OIB型特征,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）、轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损重稀土元素（HFEE）,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb,Ta）,有Sr、Y亏损,Pb富集。(87Sr/86Sr)i范围0.706749～0.707069,(143Nd/144Nd)i范围0.512313～0.512363,εNd(t)范围0.2～1.2;源区熔融深度处于石榴石橄榄岩相深度,可能经历了1-3 %的部分熔融,处于亏损石榴石二辉橄榄岩相向原始石榴石二辉橄榄岩相的过渡区。成岩过程中发生了单斜辉石、斜长石等矿物分离结晶,受到了有限的地壳混染作用,未经历明显的AFC过程。地壳物质在地幔源区中的加入可能是造成地幔富集的主要原因。侵入岩与成矿作用之间的关系,主要通过两方面所表现。一方面是二者间构造活动上的耦合性。另一方面是基性岩在成矿过程中可能发挥了重要的化学屏障层作用。     

华北克拉通大青山-集宁地区古元古代变质沉积岩的锆石氧同位素组成:SHRIMP微区原位分析

在已获得锆石U-Pb年龄基础上,我们首次对孔兹岩带典型出露区大青山和集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代变质沉积岩进行了锆石SHRIMP氧同位素研究。锆石具有复杂的内部结构和年龄分布。大青山地区古元古代早期变质沉积岩4个样品碎屑锆石的δ18O为5.52‰~7.11‰,部分重结晶锆石的δ18O为7.22‰~7.90‰,变质新生锆石的δ18O为6.37‰~8.31‰。大青山地区古元古代晚期变质沉积岩2个样品的锆石O同位素组成特征与古元古代早期的类似,另外2个样品的锆石O同位素组成与之不同,碎屑锆石、部分重结晶锆石和变质新生锆石的δ18O分别为6.26‰~10.80‰、9.00‰~11.20‰和9.66‰~11.90‰。集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代晚期超高温变质沉积岩4个样品不存在碎屑锆石,变质锆石的δ18O变化范围为11.41‰~13.57‰。主要认识如下:1)大青山地区碎屑沉积物主要来自新太古代晚期-古元古代早期成熟度不高的TTG花岗质岩石物源区,与之相比,集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代晚期超高温岩石的变质原岩成熟度更高;2)不同类型变质沉积岩变质新生锆石的δ18O和变质新生锆石与碎屑锆石的Δ18O存在明显区别,主要反映了岩石体系和变质流体的O同位素组成不同;3)大青山地区高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质沉积岩,重结晶锆石的O同位素完全重置,但U-Th-Pb体系未完全重置,集宁土贵乌拉地区超高温变质沉积岩的重结晶锆石O和U-Th-Pb同位素体系都完全重置。变质作用强度不同是主要原因。     

朝鲜~19亿年侵入岩的岩石类型与构造背景初探

朝鲜半岛北部广泛发育~19亿年侵入岩,这些岩浆岩可以分为三个系列,分别为似斑状花岗岩系列(多为I型,以妙香山岩体为代表,年龄1900~1840Ma)、S型花岗岩系列(以嘉山岩体为代表,本文获得1862±5Ma锆石U-Pb年龄)和正长岩系列(以龙浦岩体为代表,本文获得1857±2Ma锆石U-Pb年龄)。似斑状花岗岩系列(I型花岗岩)大致对应朝鲜地质学家定义的Myohyangsan(妙香山)杂岩,以发育钾长石巨斑为特征,与麻粒岩相变质的火山岩-沉积岩系关系密切;S型花岗岩系列大致对应Ryonhwasan(莲花山)杂岩,以发育石榴石和堇青石等矿物为特征,与麻粒岩相变质的副变质岩共生:这说明前者可能与变质火山岩系相关,而后者可能和副变质岩相关。正长岩系列,朝鲜地质学家称为Sakju(朔州)杂岩,分布较为局限,仅见于朔州以及博川-定州之间,也见于邻区辽东,多为岩株。这三个系列岩浆岩稍早或者同期于角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质(本文获得甑山"群"变质锆石U-Pb年龄1844±2Ma)。邻区辽东-吉南及胶东地区也发育这三个系列岩浆岩,但这两个地区~21亿年岩浆作用更为广泛。朝鲜半岛南部发育大量同期岩浆岩,但岩石类型以似斑状花岗岩为主,并发育紫苏花岗岩和斜长岩。我们推测,朝鲜半岛南北两侧基底属性存在差异,可能对应不同的古陆(华北与华南古陆)。综合分析表明,朝鲜~19亿年前广泛发育I型和S型花岗岩,并有幔源岩浆作用,同时发育正长岩类,并且这些岩浆活动与区域高级变质作用时代接近。考虑到本区存在太古宙基底,我们推测本区在古元古代可能处于类似现今活动大陆边缘弧背景。     

柴北缘布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群变质岩变形特征、地球化学特征及地质意义

古元古代达肯大坂岩群为柴北缘构造带的变质结晶基底,是柴北缘造山带的重要组成部分。前人在德令哈以西的鱼卡河—锡铁山—沙柳河一带和大柴旦等地对达肯大坂岩群做了较深入的研究,但对于柴北缘东段的研究还相对薄弱,缺乏东西段的对比研究。通过对布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群中片麻岩和斜长角闪片岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学、年代学研究和区域对比,认为研究区的岩性、矿物组合、变质程度与德令哈以西鱼卡河—锡铁山—沙柳河一带达肯大坂岩群具有较高的相似性。布赫特山一带达肯大坂岩群主要为一套碎屑岩夹火山岩的岩石组合,变形强烈,其形成环境为岛弧与活动性陆缘的过渡环境,且岩浆来源为壳幔混染。由采集的2件Sm-Nd同位素样品得到了2组等时线年龄分别为2085±14Ma和2027±19Ma。由此可知达肯大坂岩群为古元古代柴北缘地区的变质结晶基底,是柴北缘古元古代造山带的重要组成部分。     

Discriminating characters of ore-forming intrusions in the super-large Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit,NE China

The Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, located in the Great Hinggan Range, is the largest Mo deposit in northeast China, although the age and genesis of the associated magmatic intrusions remain debated.Here we report zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements, whole rock geochemistry and Sre Nd isotope data with a view to understand the relationship between the magmatism and molybdenum mineralization.Zircon U-Pb analysis yield an age of 475 Ma for rhyolite in the older strata, 168 Ma for the premineralization monzogranite, and 154 Ma for the syn-mineralization granite porphyry. The granite porphyry and quartz porphyry are considered as the ore-forming intrusions. These rocks are peraluminous, alkali-calcic, and belong to high-K to shoshonitic series with a strong depletion of Eu. They also display characteristics of I-type granites. The rocks exhibit wide variations of(87 Sr/86 Sr)iin the range of 0.705426 -0.707363, and ε_(Nd)(t) of -3.7 to 0.93. Zircon REE distribution patterns show characteristics between crust and the mantle, implying magma genesis through crust-mantle interaction. The Fe_2O_3/FeO values(average 1) for the whole rock and EuN/Eu*Nvalues(average 0.45), Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+) values(average 301)for zircon grains from the granite porphyry are higher than those from other lithologies. These features suggest that the ore-forming intrusions(syn-mineralization porphyry) had higher oxygen fugacity conditions than those of the pre-mineralization and post-mineralization rocks. The Chalukou Mo deposit formed in relation to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Our study suggests that the subduction-related setting, crust-mantle interaction, and the large-scale magmatic intrusion were favorable factors to generate the super-large Mo deposits in this area.     

Fluorine and chlorine in apatites,micas, and amphiboles of layered trap intrusions of the Siberian Platform

Geochemistry of chlorine and fluorine in apatites, micas, and amphiboles in rocks from eight intrusive complexes of the Siberian Platform has been first studied on the basis of new factual and analytical data (more than 1000 analyses). The main attention is focused on minerals from layered intrusions. Most apatites show F > Cl; the maximum contents of halogens are specific to chlorapatite (6.97 wt.% Cl) and fluorapatite (6.04 wt.% F). The total f value (f = Fe/(Fe + Mg), at.%) of femic minerals varies from 2 to 98 at.% in micas and from 22 to 95 at.% in amphiboles. The Cl-f and F-f trends show an increase in the Cl content and a decrease in the F content in the minerals with increasing f. Chlorine clearly exhibits ferrophilic properties, and fluorine has magnesiophilic properties. The halogen-richest minerals are fluorophlogopite (F = 7.06 wt.%, f = 7 at.%), chlorannite (Cl = 6.30 wt.%, f = 89 at.%), and chloroferrihastingsite (Cl = 5.22 wt.%, f = 90 at.%). Coexisting micas and amphiboles in the rocks are close in f value, but the micas are richer in Cl than the amphiboles. We assume that the halogen-containing minerals crystallized at the high pressure of halogen-hydrocarbon fluids at the levels of the MW, IW, and QIF buffers. The reducing conditions of the magmatism process are also evidenced by the presence of graphite and native metals in the rocks. The similarity of the Cl-f and F-f trends of micas and amphiboles from different intrusive complexes indicates the same mechanisms of the melt differentiation and mineral crystallization.     

The oldest (~ 1.9 Ga) metadolerites of the southern Siberian craton: age,petrogenesis, and tectonic setting

Geological, geochronological, and isotope-geochemical studies of the metadolerites of the Angaul complex, widespread in the Urik-Iya graben of the southern Siberian craton, were carried out. The metadolerites forming separate conformal bodies (sills) among the metasandstones of the Ingash Formation were studied in detail. U-Pb zircon (SHRIMP) dating of metadolerites yielded an age of 1913 ± 24 Ma, and U-Pb baddeleyite (ID-TIMS) dating of these rocks yielded an age of 1914.0 ± 1.7 Ma. Thus, the date of 1914 ± 2 Ma can be taken as the most precise age estimate for the studied rocks. The metadolerites of the Angaul complex correspond in chemical composition to the normal-alkaline tholeiitic basalts. Metadolerites are differentiated rocks with mg# of 36 to 58. They show fractionated REE patterns: (La/Yb)_n = 1.2-3.5. All metadolerites, independently of their mg# value, have low contents of Nb (1.6-10.2 ppm) and show well-pronounced negative Nb-Ta anomalies in multielement patterns (Nb/Nb* = 0.19-0.54). The metadolerites are characterized by positive ε_Nd(T) values ranging from 0.4 to 5.2, which correlate well with their SiO₂ content and mg# value. The isotope-geochemical parameters of the metadolerites of the Angaul complex indicate that fractional crystallization, along with the assimilation of the host rocks (AFC), might have been the main process during the formation of the most differentiated metadolerites. The geochemical characteristics of metadolerites with the maximum mg# values of 57-58 and ε_Nd(T) = 5.2 suggest that the parental mantle source of the metadolerites resulted from mixing of predominant depleted mantle material with the subcontinental-lithosphere material. Intrusion of the dolerites of the Angaul complex, as well as the deposition of the sedimentary strata of the Ingash Group, took place at the Paleoproterozoic stage of intracontinental extension caused by the collapse of the orogen resulted from the collision of the Biryusa block with the Tunguska superterrane in the southern Siberian craton.     

大兴安岭十八站—韩家园地区中酸性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

大兴安岭北部塔河县十八站—呼玛县韩家园地区发育早古生代中酸性侵入岩。文章选取二长闪长岩和二长花岗岩开展岩石年代学与地球化学研究。二长闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为512.4±3.5 Ma,为早—中寒武世岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学分析表明,中酸性侵入岩归属于准铝质—弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.77~1.04)钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列。岩石稀土总量∑REE=69.51×10~(-6)~275.83×10~(-6),轻重稀土分异明显(La/Yb)_N=9.11~26.64。在稀土元素配分图上,显示为LREE富集、HREE相对平缓的右倾型,Eu异常不显著(δEu=0.90~1.35)。微量元素组成具明显富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,显著亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti的特征。结合区域资料和本文研究,初步分析认为早古生代侵入体形成于活动大陆边缘或岛弧环境,为前古亚洲洋闭合背景下萨拉伊尔造山作用的产物。     

华北地台北缘集宁地区古元古代片麻状石榴花岗岩的深熔成因及地质意义

本文对华北克拉通北缘集宁地区空间上密切共生的片麻状石榴花岗岩和孔兹岩系富铝片麻岩的岩相学、地球化学及年代学特征进行了对比研究。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方面,在富铝片麻岩中获得了1910±10Ma和1839±13Ma变质锆石年龄,在片麻状石榴花岗岩中获得了1919±17Ma的变质重结晶锆石年龄。在石榴花岗岩的石榴石包裹体中识别出与富铝片麻岩相对应的进变质阶段(M1)和峰期阶段(M2)的矿物组合,由此确认富铝片麻岩的变质作用和导致石榴花岗岩形成的深熔作用是同一构造热事件的产物。通过对二者变质作用演化及特征变质矿物的对比,认为深熔作用主要发生在峰期后等温降压阶段(M3),石榴花岗岩中的石榴石为深熔作用过程中的残留矿物相或转熔矿物相,而石榴花岗岩则是混合有大量残留矿物相的熔体结晶的产物。对片麻状石榴花岗岩和富铝片麻岩的地球化学组成特征进行了对比分析,片麻状石榴花岗岩既有一定的继承性,又有十分明显的变异性。变异性表现为:1)石榴花岗岩主量和微量元素含量分布极不均匀,微量元素含量普遍低于源岩(Cs、Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等);2)大离子亲石元素Cs和生热元素U、Th亏损明显,Sr相对富集;3)高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti的明显亏损;4)铕异常变化大,存在铕富集型、铕平坦型和铕亏损型共存的稀土配分曲线的岩石,这是深熔成因石榴花岗岩最突出的表现,也可能是原地-半原地深熔花岗岩的主要地球化学标志。综合区域上的地质资料,认为深熔作用与碰撞后伸展构造背景下基性岩浆底侵事件有关。     

辽东岫岩地区古元古代花岗伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

辽东岫岩地区位于胶—辽—吉古元古代造山/活动带内,区域内广泛存在花岗质伟晶岩脉或岩体,对其进行研究具有重要的构造意义。研究区出露大量古元古代花岗伟晶岩,前人将其统一划归到花岗质混杂岩和辽河岩群内。本文通过详细的野外地质调查和室内综合研究,将该套花岗伟晶岩脉解体为出来,重新厘定为新的填图单元。本文对研究区2件花岗伟晶岩样品进行岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS稀土微量元素和U-Pb定年的综合研究,获得花岗伟晶岩的原岩年龄,并对其岩石地球化学、成因和构造环境进行了探讨。花岗伟晶岩主要矿物组合为钾长石+斜长石+石英±白云母±电气石,花岗伟晶结构,块状构造。岩石地球化学分析结果显示其均匀具有一致的地球化学特征。它们均显示高的SiO2(72.1%~75.3%)、Al2O3(13.5%~16.4%),低CaO(1.42%~2.03%)、MgO(0.15%~0.76%)、P2O5(0.01%~0.02%%)、TiO2(0.06%~0.17%)等含量;稀土元素总量偏低,稀土富集、重稀土亏损,稀土配分曲线右倾型,明显的正δEu异常;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba、U),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)等特征。样品(DST-TW1和WJG-TW1)锆石CL图像强度均较弱,前者大部分锆石不能反映矿物内部结构,后者大部分锆石能显示弱振荡环带,这一特征与锆石U含量均较高(1253.1×10-6~12861.5×10-6、874.5×10-6~5319.1×10-6)相吻合。锆石虽具有岩浆锆石的自形特征,但其Th/U值(0.01~0.26和0.01~0.62)较低,稀土配分模式显示热液锆石特征,在(Sm/La)N—La和Ce/Ce*—(Sm/La)N图解上偏热液锆石区域,此花岗伟晶岩脉可能是母岩浆高度结晶分异后的残余岩浆热液结晶而成,偏热液性质。本文研究的2件样品(DST-TW1和WJG-TW1)年龄分别为1864±20 Ma(MSWD=0.19)和1903.6±4.7 Ma(MSWD=0.041),其侵位时间介于1.9~1.86 Ga之间。从岩石地球化学、形成时代推测其物源与研究区周围~1.87 Ga的S型花岗岩具有亲缘关系。从构造环境来看,研究区内古元古代花岗伟晶岩形成于胶—辽—吉造山带弧陆碰撞结束后伸展的构造体制下,在主期花岗质岩浆上涌之后,地壳在不断伸展和松弛垮塌,大量残余岩浆或岩浆热液上涌形成伟晶岩的岩脉、岩墙或岩体,侵位时代从~1.9 Ga到~1.74 Ga。从而推测胶—辽—吉造山带在碰撞后的构造折返过程中一直处于伸展的构造机制,后造山阶段至少持续了160 Ma。