MODFLOW在地下水水源地水质预测中的应用

利用MODFLOW对白沙河-城阳河下游水源地水质进行了研究,建立了白沙河-城阳河下游水源地的模型,对其水质进行了预测.并提出了MODFLOW在地下水水质预测中存在的问题.     

深基坑降水工程试验及降水方案设计

针对长江三角洲第四纪松散沉积层厚度大、地下水位高、地下水量丰富,地下水流动状态复杂等特点,利用深基坑降水试验推求水文地质参数.采用Visual MODFLOW三维有限元差分计算软件,以上海地铁七号线新村路站深基坑降水为例,建立了多层含水层地下水模型,提出了深基坑最优地下水降水方案.     

若尔盖高原典型泥炭湿地水量平衡计算

若尔盖泥炭湿地具有蓄水、固碳和生态的重要功能,其地下水水位变化决定泥炭湿地面积维持或萎缩,但是其泥炭湿地的地下水水文过程和水量动态变化缺少系统的野外监测和研究。结合红原站气象资料,并于2017年5月、7月和9月在若尔盖黑河上游泥炭湿地典型小流域开展野外原位监测,利用MODFLOW模型建立小流域三维动态地下水运动模型,模拟地下水运动过程并计算水量动态平衡变化以及沟道排水能力。结果表明:泥炭湿地的主要补水方式是降雨,占补水总量的60%,其主要出流方式是沟道排水,排水比例最高达到53%;其次是潜水蒸发,出流比例为26%。切穿泥炭层的沟道排水能力是未切穿泥炭层沟道的2.5倍。若尔盖泥炭地的地下水位受降雨影响呈现季节性波动,在雨季其涨幅约为0.5 m。     

Uncertainty analysis of groundwater model based on data assimilation北大核心CSCD

黑河流域中下游地下水系统受上游冰冻圈融水和降雨的补给,由气候变暖导致的冰冻圈萎缩致使中下游地下水系统的稳定性面临更多的风险。地下水模型是地下水系统稳定性评估的有效手段,但是地下水模型参数往往存在较大的不确定性。为此,本文提出了基于数据同化算法的不确定性分析方法,通过包含观测资料信息减小模型不确定性。采用所提方法分析了(基于MODFLOW构建)黑河流域中游地下水模型中13个参数的不确定性,讨论了算法超参数的影响及其最优取值,分析了地下水模型参数的不确定性。实验结果证明数据同化算法可有效减小地下水模型参数的不确定性,观测资料的种类与数量对参数不确定性的减小起到重要作用;不同地下水模型参数的不确定性不同,地表水与地下水相互作用频繁的区域参数不确定性较大;含水层渗透系数、含水层给水度以及灌溉回流系数对模型输出的地下水位输出影响显著,河床水力传导系数对模型输出的河流流量影响较大。本研究将为地下水研究提供更加可靠的模型方法,为西北内流区地下水哺育的绿洲生态系统稳定可持续研究提供重要支撑。     

Simulating the impacts of groundwater pumping on stream–aquifer dynamics in semiarid northwestern Oklahoma,USA

Visual MODFLOW, a numerical groundwater flow model, was used to evaluate the impacts of groundwater exploitation on streamflow depletion in the Alluvium and Terrace aquifer of the Beaver-North Canadian River (BNCR) in northwestern Oklahoma, USA. Water demand in semi-arid northwestern Oklahoma is projected to increase by 53% during the next five decades, driven primarily by irrigation, public water supply, and agricultural demand. Using MODFLOW’s streamflow routing package, pumping-induced changes in baseflow and stream leakage were analyzed to estimate streamflow depletion in the BNCR system. Simulation results indicate groundwater pumping has reduced baseflow to streams by approximately 29% and has also increased stream leakage into the aquifer by 18% for a net streamflow loss of 47%. The magnitude and intensity of streamflow depletion, however, varies for different stream segments, ranging from 0 to 20,804 m³/d. The method provides a framework for isolating and quantifying impacts of aquifer pumping on stream function in semiarid alluvial environments.

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Résumé  Visual MODFLOW, un modèle numérique d’écoulement des eaux souterraines, a été utilisé pour évaluer les impacts de l’exploitation de l’eau souterraine sur la réduction du régime de la rivière dans un aquifère d’alluvions et de terrasse de la Rivière canadienne Beaver-North (BNCR) au nord-ouest de l’Oklahoma, aux USA. La demande d’eau dans le nord-ouest semi-aride de l’Oklahoma devrait augmenter de 53% durant les cinq prochaines décennies, essentiellement du fait de l’irrigation, la demande en eau potable et la demande agricole. En utilisant le module numérique traitant les rivières dans MODFLOW, les changements sur le régime de base des cours d’eau induits par le pompage et la recharge par la rivière ont été analysés pour estimer la réduction du régime de la rivière du système BNCR. Les résultats de la simulation indiquent que le pompage de l’eau souterraine réduit le débit de base de la rivière de 18% pour une perte nette du débit de la rivière de 47%. L’importance et l’intensité de la réduction du débit de base, toutefois, varie selon le bief, de 0 à 20,840 m³/d. La méthode apporte un cadre pour isoler et quantifier les impacts sur le pompage de l’aquifère sur le fonctionnement de la rivière dans un environnement alluvial semi-aride.

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Resumen  El Visual MODFLOW, que es un modelo numérico de flujo de agua subterránea, fue usado para evaluar los impactos de la explotación del agua subterránea, en la disminución de la cantidad de flujo de una corriente superficial, relacionada al acuífero del aluvión y de la terraza del Río canadiense Beaver-North (BNCR) en Oklahoma del noroeste, EUA. Se proyecta que la demanda de agua aumentará en un 53%, en el sector semiárido de Oklahoma del noroeste, durante las próximas cinco décadas, principalmente debido a la irrigación, suministro de agua público, y la demanda agrícola. Mediante el uso del paquete especial para relaciones corriente superficial- acuífero (SFR) de MODFLOW, se analizaron cambios inducidos por el bombeo, tanto en el flujo base, como en el goteo del río, para estimar la disminución del flujo de la corriente en el sistema de BNCR. Los resultados de la simulación indican, que el bombeo de agua subterránea ha reducido el flujo base a los arroyos aproximadamente en un 29% y también ha aumentado el goteo del arroyo hacia el acuífero en 18%, resultando una pérdida neta del flujo del río de un 47%. La magnitud e intensidad de la disminución del flujo del río, sin embargo, varía en sus diferentes segmentos, oscilando de 0 a 20,804 m³/d. El método suministra un marco, para aislar y cuantificar los impactos del bombeo del acuífero, sobre el funcionamiento de una corriente superficial en los ambientes aluviales semiáridos.

     

Application of Harmony Search algorithm to the solution of groundwater management models

This study proposes a groundwater resources management model in which the solution is performed through a combined simulation-optimization model. A modular three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow model, MODFLOW is used as the simulation model. This model is then combined with a Harmony Search (HS) optimization algorithm which is based on the musical process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. The performance of the proposed HS based management model is tested on three separate groundwater management problems: (i) maximization of total pumping from an aquifer (steady-state); (ii) minimization of the total pumping cost to satisfy the given demand (steady-state); and (iii) minimization of the pumping cost to satisfy the given demand for multiple management periods (transient). The sensitivity of HS algorithm is evaluated by performing a sensitivity analysis which aims to determine the impact of related solution parameters on convergence behavior. The results show that HS yields nearly same or better solutions than the previous solution methods and may be used to solve management problems in groundwater modeling.     

基于MODFLOW的流域分布式水文模型研究——以渭河中下游地区为例

在流域水循环框架下,以MODFLOW为基础,结合河水的一维动力波模型和地表、土壤坡面产汇流模型,建立了渭河中下游地区的流域分布式水文模型.该模型突出了研究区地下水循环这一主要水文环节.通过一个水文年的数据检验,证明该模型所获得的参数具有代表性,由各项参数模拟得到的流量过程与实测过程比较符合.在此基础上进行了模拟计算,确定了渭河中下游地区地下水天然补给资源量、浅层地下水开采潜力及现状条件下滨河湿地水源地开采与河水量的关系.该模型的开发不仅对科学调配和合理利用地表水和地下水资源,而且对滨河湿地生态系统功能的恢复和保护具有特别重要的意义.     

The research of three-dimensional numerical simulation of groundwater-flow: taking the Ejina Basin, Northwest China as example

Water is a primary controlling factor for economic development and ecological environmental protection in the inland river basins of arid western China. And it is groundwater, as the most important component of total water resources, that plays a dominant role in the development of western China. In recent years, the use-ratio of surface water has been raised, the groundwater recharge rate from surface water has been reduced, and groundwater has been exploited on a large scale. This has led to the decline of ground-water levels and the degradation of eco-environments in the Heihe watershed. Therefore, the study on the change in groundwater levels in recent years, as well as simulating and predicting groundwater levels in the future, have become very significant for im-proving the ecological environment of the Heihe River Basin, to coordinate the water contradiction among upper, middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin and to allocate the water resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the groundwa-ter-level variations of the Ejina region based on a large scale, to develop and evaluate a conceptual groundwater model in Ejina Basin, to establish the groundwater flow model using the experimental observation data and combining Modular Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and GIS software, to simulate the regional hydrologic regime in re-cent 10 years and compare various water-delivery scenarios from midstream, and to determine which one would be the best plan for maintaining and recovering the groundwater levels and increasing the area of Ejina oasis. Finally this paper discusses the pos-sible vegetation changes of Ejina Basin in the future.     

Study on numerical simulation to water lowering in an open coal mine digging

In view of the situation of excavation of open coal mine for the underground water disaster, we should carry out simulation studies for the numerical value of the water lowering project and improve the accuracy and the level of the water lowering project. On the basis of the hydrological geological conditions of certain open mine digging, a more reasonable seepage numerical model was built according to MODFLOW. It was simulated in advance that the process of the confined water level descending with the time, and combining with the actual observations to test the correctness of the model. The calculation showed that the results coincided well with the results of actual measurement. Based on this, different water lowering numerical simulations were built for the open coal mine digging. It could be simulated and forecast that the changes of the groundwater level in drainage process within and outside the mine pit, and it was quantitatively assessed that the possible water lowering result of the opencast water drainage process, which provide an important basis for the actual water lowering project and the possible project disposal.     

我国地下水数值模拟软件应用进展

随着地下水模拟软件的不断更新完善,以Visual MODFLOW、GMS和FEFLOW为代表的一批标准化软件在我国的应用更加广泛,为提高国内的地下水模拟技术水平有巨大帮助。在介绍国外模拟技术发展的基础上,重点介绍了上述软件在我国的应用进展情况。