New genus and species of Cerophytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Baissa (Siberia)

One new genus and two new species of fossil Cerophytidae, Baissophytum convexus gen. et. sp. nov. and Baissophytum amplus sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Zaza Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Eravnensky (Bauntovsky) District, Buriatskay Autonomous Republic (Transbaikalia), Russia.     

Gushan magnetite–apatite deposit in the Ningwu basin, Lower Yangtze River Valley, SE China: Hydrothermal or Kiruna-type?

The Gushan deposit is one of the typical magnetite–apatite deposits associated with dioritic porphyries in the Lower Yangtze River Valley belt of the eastern Yangtze craton. The origin of this deposit is still uncertain and remains a controversial issue. Divergent opinions are centered on whether the iron deposits are magmatic or hydrothermal in origin. However, our field observations and mineralogical studies, combined with previous published petrological and geochemical features strongly suggest that the main ore bodies in the Gushan magnetite–apatite deposit are magmatic. Specific evidence includes the existence of gas bubbles, tubes, and miarolitic and amygdaloidal structures, melt flow banding structure and the presence of “ore breccia”. New electron microprobe analyses of the pyroxene phenocrysts of the dioritic porphyry genetically associated with the Gushan magnetite–apatite deposit show that the Fe contents in the evolving magma dramatically decrease, and then gradually increase. Because there is no evidence of mafic magma recharge, this scenario (decreasing Fe) could be plausibly interpreted by Fe-rich melts separated from Fe-poor silicate melts, i.e., liquid immiscibility was triggered by minor addition of phosphorus by crustal contamination. The occurrence of massive iron ore bodies can be satisfactorily explained by the immiscible Fe-rich melt with enormous volatile contents was driven to the top of the magma chamber due to the low density. The hot and volatile-rich iron ore magma was injected along fractures and spaces between the dioritic intrusions and wall-rocks, and led to an explosion near the surface, resulting in the immediate fragmentation of the roof of the intrusion and wall-rocks, forming brecciated ores. Moreover, other types of ores can be considered as a result of post-magmatic hydrothermal activities. Our proposed metallogenic model involving the Kiruna-type mineralization is consistent with the observed phenomenon in the Gushan deposit.     

俄罗斯达吉斯坦地区早白垩世小嘴贝腕足动物的地层意义

在俄罗斯达吉斯坦共和国早白垩世地层中,极少见到菊石化石,但是可以利用地层中腕足动物化石组合为基础划分贝利阿斯阶(Berriasian)、凡兰吟阶(Valanginian)、上下欧特里夫维阶(Lower and Uppet Hauterivian)和下巴雷姆阶(Lower Barremian)地层.     

红河断裂带莺歌海段地质构造特征

红河入海后的地质构造特征研究是当前红河断裂带研究的薄弱环节.结合莺歌海地区重力和地震资料解释与前人研究成果,系统总结了红河断裂带莺歌海盆地内的几何学、运动学特征,并根据莺歌海盆地沉积中心迁移规律获得了红河断裂带的年代学数据.研究认为:红河断裂带在入海口附近分叉,其中Tien Lang断层折向NE,呈马尾状展布;在莺歌海盆地内红河断裂带分支为A(Ⅰ号断层)、B、C和D(莺西断层)4条断层,其中A断层是最主要的一条分支断层.莺歌海盆地内的分支断层均呈近NW-SE走向,延伸420～500km,其地震解释剖面上发育的典型花状构造和马尾状Tien Lang断层共同指示该断层具有走滑运动性质;红河断裂带对莺歌海盆地的沉积具有明显的控制作用,盆地沉积中心变化规律揭示红河断裂带在30～15.5Ma期间具有左行走滑运动性质,15.5～5.5Ma期间为左行向右行转换阶段,发生了强烈的构造反转作用,5.5Ma以来具有右行走滑运动特征.     

塔里木盆地顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组下段勘探新发现及其启示

依据钻井及地震资料综合解释,奥陶纪末期由于海平面下降,其顶面遭受侵蚀下切,形成一个大型东西向的侵蚀谷.谷底多处零星分布了一套30m左右的玄武岩、凝灰岩.后期该侵蚀谷被志留系下统柯坪塔格组下段填平补齐.柯坪塔格组下段主要分布在塔中Ⅰ号断裂带以北和塔北隆起之间,东西向展布,最大厚度约1000m,据其厚度和在古沉积斜坡的超覆特征,可分为北部缓坡带、中央深陷带和南部陡坡带三个古构造单元.柯坪塔格组下段早—中期物源受侵蚀谷充填控制主要来自塔东地区,晚期物源则主要来自塔北地区,Ⅰ号断裂以南的塔中隆起没有提供物源.柯坪塔格组下段经历了从半深海泥到潮控三角洲的过渡型沉积环境,发育三角洲储层和低幅度构造,形成了良好的油气成藏区域.     

Structure of the Abercrombie beds south of Reids flat,new South Wales

The Late Ordovician Abercrombie Beds, south of Reids Flat, New South Wales, and adjacent to the Wyangala Batholith, show evidence of three successive fold episodes. First generation folds are tight to isoclinal, with fold axes ranging from vertical to horizontal and north‐trending, and steep axial‐plane slaty cleavage. Second generation folds are steeply plunging, tight to open with north‐striking axial planes. In pelitic rocks the axial plane structure is a crenulation cleavage which overprints the slaty cleavage. The first two fold episodes were accompanied by greenschist‐facies metamorphism. Granite emplacement occurred prior to the second fold episode. A third deformation was of relatively mild intensity and produced open, north‐trending folds with axial planes dipping moderately to the east, and crenulation cleavage as the axial plane structure in pelitic rocks. These latest folds are correlated with the latest folds in the Abercrombie Beds north of the Abercrombie River. The mapped area has no apparent macroscopic structure and may be considered as a single domain.     

Structural analysis of the Mystery Bay area,New South Wales

The Ordovician sedimentary rocks of the southeastern Lachlan Fold Belt in the Mystery Bay area are folded into two approximately coaxial and subhorizontally plunging fold series: F₁ and F₂. Regional domains with internally consistent F₁ and F₂ trends are juxtaposed along strike‐slip faults. Locally developed kink bands commonly have a close spatial relationship with the domain boundaries.

A faulted domain boundary is exposed in coastal rocks at Mystery Bay between north‐northeasterly trending turbidites and northwesterly trending complexly deformed cherts and pelites of the Wagonga Beds. South of the boundary fault, F₁ and F₂ trends in the turbidite succession exhibit a segmented 75° counterclockwise rotation about a near‐vertical axis within a 750 m wide zone parallel with the coast, relative to regional trends preserved farther south. The rotation zone hosts prolific subvertical kink bands and crenulations. The turbidite succession youngs towards the east and hence its present position is incompatible with its projected along‐strike position on the western limb of a major anticline exposing the older Wagonga Beds.

At least three generations of faulting are recognized. Within the coastal Wagonga Beds, a set of post‐F₁ faults is subparallel to the tectonic grain and probably had vertical motion. Two systems of post‐F₂ strike‐slip faults include a conjugate system in coastal outcrops, with offsets indicative of layer‐normal shortening; and a series of northerly trending faults, with probable sinistral displacements, recognized from inland exposures.     

宜兴黄龙山矿区外围甲泥和紫砂泥矿地质特征

通过对江苏宜兴黄龙山陶土矿外围普查工作,分析了矿区的矿床地质特征、矿体地质特征、围岩蚀变及矿石加工技术性能,黄龙山矿区外围甲泥(陶土矿)、紫砂泥矿矿床系三角洲-滨海相沉积型黏土矿床,属地层、构造及蚀变优化复合控矿,总结了该矿床的找矿标志.     

兴县地区山西组三角洲沉积及聚煤作用

立足于野外露头、钻井资料研究,结合室内薄片分析、微量元素测试等,运用沉积学、沉积地球化学等理论和方法,在鄂尔多斯兴县地区下二叠统山西组中,识别出了三角洲平原和三角洲前缘2种亚相及分流河道、泥炭沼泽、天然堤、决口扇、水下分流河道、分流间湾和河口砂坝7种微相,并发现研究区山一段主要发育三角洲平原亚相,山二段主要发育三角洲前缘亚相,且整体上山西组沉积期区内具有三角洲逐渐向南推进的沉积特征.研究区的聚煤作用研究表明,山西组煤层均形成于短期基准面上升的晚期,8#、7#、6#煤的聚煤作用主要发生在三角洲前缘分流间湾充填淤浅的泥炭沼泽环境,5#煤形成于三角洲平原泥炭沼泽环境;山二沉积段中富煤地带多与砂岩富集带相吻合,山一沉积段中煤层的厚度则与砂砾岩含量呈现负相关性.     

Environmental and sequence stratigraphic implications of anhydrite textures: A case from the Lower Triassic of the Central Persian Gulf

The Lower Triassic Kangan Formation in the Persian Gulf (South Pars Gas Field) and its adjacent areas are composed of carbonate–evaporite sequences. These sediments were deposited in a shallow marine homoclinal ramp. Study of the anhydrite-bearing intervals shows various structures and textures. The anhydrite structures are mainly bedded, massive, chicken-wire and nodular type and the main textures are felted, sparse crystal, needle shape, lath shape, equant and fibrous. Pervasive and poikilotopic cement together with replacement and porphyroblastic gypsum are accounted as the most common diagenetic features in anhydrite. Evaluation of anhydrite occurrences and features support both primary and secondary formations. The nodular to chicken-wire anhydrite formed under synsedimentary sabkha conditions, whereas anhydrite cements occurred during the late stages of diagenesis (shallow burial stage). Massive to bedded anhydrite could have been formed under subaqueous conditions or originated by coalescing and continued growth of anhydrite nodules in the sabkha zone. Anhydrite fabrics impose a significant control on the reservoir quality of the Kangan carbonates at the South Pars Gas Field. Thick massive and bedded anhydrite could have been formed as an intraformational seals and anhydrite cements occluded pore spaces and reduced the poroperm values. The sequence stratigraphic analysis revealed two depositional sequences in the studied intervals, which are composed of TST and HST. Investigation of anhydrite throughout depositional sequences indicates a change in the content and style of anhydrite texture. Anhydrite content (volume) decreases upward through transgressive system tract (sea-level rise) whereas, it enhances during highstand system tract (sea-level fall). Pervasive and poikilotopic anhydrite cements together with replacement by anhydrite are prevalent features during transgressive and early highstand system tract. At the late HST, with a progradational stacking pattern, anhydrite value increases and felted, radial, equant, crystalline and mosaic texture are the most common anhydrite fabrics. Sequence boundaries that indicate maximum sea level fall and exposure of successions are marked by the broad anhydrite deposits with massive to bedded and chicken-wire structures and various textures that located in late HST package. There is an unambiguous relationship between the microfacies associations, the evaporite textures, and the sea-level fluctuations. This relationship could lead to a predictable pattern that can be of use as a general guide for the sequence stratigraphic interpretations in the area.