Low- and high-alumina komatiites of Goiás, Central Brazil

Archean komatiites of Goiás, central Brazil, have experienced deformation and low-grade metamorphism, but several outcrops preserve primary volcanic features. Samples from less deformed komatiites of four out of five greenstone belts (Crixás, Guarinos, Pilar de Goiás, and Santa Rita) have been investigated for their geochemical properties. Komatiites from the Crixás greenstone belt have very low Al₂O₃/TiO₂, high CaO/Al₂O₃, and a hump-shaped rare earth element (REE) pattern. Those from the Guarinos and Pilar de Goiás belts have similar REE patterns, characterized by a slight enrichment in LREE coupled with almost flat HREE, but differ in their inter-incompatible element ratios. Compared with those from Pilar de Goiás and Guarinos, samples from the Santa Rita belt have fractionated REE patterns with LREE enrichment, as well as high Al₂O₃ contents, corresponding to Al-undepleted komatiites. Komatiites from Crixás have the lowest (La/Sm)_N, (La/Yb)_N, and Zr/Zr* ratios compared with their equivalents from the other belts, which suggests their source was relatively depleted in LREE and high field strength elements (HFSE), probably due to the retention of garnet in the residue. Komatiites from the Guarinos, Pilar de Goiás, and Santa Rita greenstone belts are enriched in incompatible elements, which can be attributed to either low-degree partial melting at high pressures or a source previously enriched in incompatible elements. Some of the studied komatiites belong to Al- and HREE-depleted and others to the Al- and HREE-undepleted types. The depleted komatiites probably derived by melting at depths greater than 200 km, the undepleted at less than 200 km. Therefore, the komatiites of the four belts may have been derived from either one single mantle plume with different melting depths or sources from distinct plumes.     

北山北带北亚带西缘奥陶纪火山岩地球化学特征

分布于甘肃北山北亚带的奥陶纪火山岩是一套由浅变质的富碱玄武安山岩、粗面英安岩以及少量钾玄岩岩石组合。岩石稀土总量偏低,属轻稀土富集型,稀土分布模式为右倾曲线;微量元素的球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示岩石富集K、Rb、Th等元素,而亏损Nb、Ti,表明火山岩形成与板块俯冲作用有关。综合分析火山岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学特征,并结合区域构造背景,认为该套火山岩产于活动大陆边缘岛弧带环境,为俯冲造山带的构造背景。     

大兴安岭南段三叠纪基性火山岩时代与构造环境

应用火山岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMAS法和基质Ar-Ar法定年,表明大兴安岭南段存在三叠纪玄武质岩石,其年龄为214～250Ma。主量和微量元素地球化学反映三叠纪火山岩为亚碱性和低K拉斑玄武岩系列,部分岩石具岛弧火山岩地球化学性质,但主要呈造山后伸展环境下的岩浆活动特征。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成说明三叠纪基性火山岩岩浆源区主要为岩石圈地幔,但局部地区有软流圈物质加入;岩浆演化过程受部分熔融和分离结晶作用控制,并有少量地壳物质的混染。综合研究表明三叠纪大兴安岭南段处于中亚造山带后造山伸展阶段,基性岩浆形成于软流圈上涌诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,拉斑玄武岩和辉绿玢岩脉即为伸张条件下基性岩浆活动的产物。结合区域构造演化,本文推测西拉木伦河-长春-延吉缝合带可能具有西段造山和造山后伸张作用稍早于东段的特征。     

大兴安岭北段塔河地区早白垩世火山岩地球化学及源区特征

大兴安岭北段塔河地区分布有大面积的晚中生代火山岩,主要岩石类型为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、玄武质粗面安山岩和粗面安山岩,并且以碱性岩石为主.SiO2含量为47.34%～58.03%,K2O含量为1.25%～3.44%.富集大离子素石元素(LILE)如Rb和Ba,δEu为0.71～1.14,高场强元素(HFSE)如Nb和Ta在原始地幔标准化图解上有强烈的负异常.从同位素组成特点来看,(87Sr/86Sr)I变化于0.705472和0.707821之间,εNd(t)为-6.81～0.58,与EMI靠近并有向EMII延伸的趋势.206Ph/204Pb为18.1497～18.5394,207Pb/204Pb为15.4886～15.5390,208Pb/204Pb为37.7608～38.3441,位于EMI和EMII之间,并也有向EMII变化的趋势.综合考虑塔河火山岩的特点并结合他人研究成果,本文认为塔河地区的这套火山岩形成于富集的大陆岩石圈地幔的重熔及其结晶分异作用.     

西秦岭格娄昂金矿床赋矿斑岩岩石成因及其地质意义

西秦岭造山带广泛发育印支期花岗质岩石,已探明超过1200吨金资源量与这些花岗质岩石具有密切空间关系;揭示赋矿花岗质岩石成因对于进一步约束金成矿与岩浆作用是否具有成因关系具有重要意义。格娄昂矿床(金资源量27. 7t,平均品位2. 18g/t)是西秦岭造山带西段甘南地区的大型金矿床,花岗质岩石和变沉积岩是其主要赋矿围岩。格娄昂金矿床赋矿英安斑岩与黑云英安斑岩属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,轻重稀土分异较大,(La/Yb)N比值为31. 07～40. 59,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等,具有弱铕负异常(δEu=0. 76～0. 78)。英安斑岩和黑云英安斑岩被金矿脉切割,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为250. 8±2. 5Ma和252. 9±3. 4Ma,磷灰石U-Pb年龄分别为248. 9±7. 3Ma和249. 7±7. 9Ma,为成矿前早三叠世岩浆作用的产物。锆石εHf(t)=-13. 88～-7. 84,对应的二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM)~2)为2. 15～1. 78Ga。因此,格娄昂金矿床早三叠世赋矿英安斑岩和黑云英安斑岩为成矿前岩浆活动的产物,源于古元古代下地壳的部分熔融。可能与洋壳板片北向俯冲有关,形成于活动大陆边缘碰撞前构造环境,进一步支持阿尼玛卿-勉略洋在早三叠世尚未闭合。     

苏北石桥岩群沉积环境及其大地构造意义探讨

石桥岩群是一套浅变质的正常沉积碎屑岩,同位素地质年龄Ｍａ。岩石富ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、ＲＥＥ,贫Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｍｎｏ、Ｃａ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｓｒ,Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ、ＳｉＯ２／ＡｌＯ３比值高,铕负异常明显,表明它是伸展型断陷盆地边缘之河口浅海环境中沉积的稳定型复理式建造。它揭示苏胶造山带在晋宁期造山后的震旦纪开始裂解,是Ｒｏｄｉｎａ超大陆震旦纪裂解的组成部分。