金鸡岭产铀花岗岩体印支期侵位的岩浆动力学证据及其构造意义

通过对南岭西段金鸡岭花岗岩体地质-岩石地球化学特征研究,判明该岩体的侵位深度(7.5km)、围岩温度(270℃)及岩浆初始温度(950℃),建立起金鸡岭花岗岩体的数学计算模型,分别计算得出:金鸡岭花岗岩熔体侵位后,其初始温度降低至结晶温度所需的时间(Δtcol)为3.91Ma;由于结晶潜热释放而使结晶过程延长的时间(ΔtL)为2.92Ma;由于金鸡岭花岗岩体放射性元素含量(U——16.5×10-6,Th——51.3×10-6,K2O——4.82%)是世界平均花岗岩放射性元素含量(U——5×10-6,Th——20×10-6,K2O——2.66%)的3倍左右,金鸡岭花岗岩熔体侵位后产生的放射性成因热使结晶过程延长的时间(ΔtA)为34.5Ma,远长于按世界花岗岩平均放射性元素含量计算的ΔtA*(2.82Ma)。金鸡岭花岗岩体的侵位-结晶时差(ΔtECTD)为41.3Ma,结合锆石U-Pb年龄值(156Ma),通过反演计算得出金鸡岭花岗岩体侵位年龄值(tE)为197.3Ma,从而为该岩体属于印支期侵位提供了重要的岩浆动力学证据。     

藏南冈底斯岩基东南缘早白垩世高镁-高Sr/Y含单斜辉石闪长岩

野外地质调查和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年表明,在冈底斯南缘朗县北部发育一套年龄为121.8±1.5Ma的闪长岩,侵入到一套年龄为360.8±3.5Ma弱片麻理化的花岗闪长岩中.除了典型的闪长岩矿物组合外,这套早白垩世闪长岩不仅含岩浆型绿帘石,而且含单斜辉石.朗县早白垩世闪长岩具有以下地球化学特征:(1)较低的SiO2(54.9％ ～ 55.4％)和较高的Al2O3(17.7％ ～ 17.9％)和Mg# (65.3 ～66.1);(2)较高的Na2O/K2O比值(＞2.5),显示富钠的特征;(3)富集LREE,亏损HREE,从Ho到Lu稀土分布样式比较平坦((Ho/Yb)N=0.93 ～ 1.07),具有微弱的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.88 ～0.91);(4)富集Sr(488×10-6 ～500×10-6)和Ba(176×10-6 ～181×10-6),较高的Sr/Y比值(37.5 ～41.7)和较低的La/Yb比值(7.6～9.8);(5)锆石εHr(t)值相对较高,为+3.4～ +6.9;(6)亏损高场强元素,富集石榴石相容元素(Sc、Y和HREE)和地幔相容元素(Cr、Ni、Co),这些地球化学特征和矿物组合表明这个岩体为富水的岩体,是新特提斯洋北向俯冲过程中俯冲板片释放的流体所交代的地幔楔的部分熔融的产物.通过铝在角闪石的压力计,确定了该套早白垩世闪长岩的侵位深度大约为13km,而早石炭世花岗闪长岩的侵位深度大约为21km,表明在早白垩世岩浆作用时,拉萨地决南缘经历了长期平均速率最小为～0.04mm/yr的剥露作用.     

云南省临沧市勐托新近系褐煤的微量元素地球化学特征

为研究云南临沧勐托新近系褐煤的微量元素地球化学特征,共采集了11个褐煤样品,采用ICP MS和ICP CCT MS(As和Se)对煤中微量元素进行了测试。结果表明：与中国煤相比,勐托褐煤中Rb(96.1 mg/kg)、Sb(15.3 mg/kg)和Cs(25.9 mg/kg)显著富集,W(10.6 mg/kg)和U(20.2 mg/kg)富集,Be(7.84 mg/kg)、Ga(16.1 mg/kg)、As(11.6 mg/kg)、Cd(0.67 mg/kg)、Sn(6.66 mg/kg)、Pb(34.6 mg/kg)、Bi(3.86 mg/kg)和Th(28.2 mg/kg)稍富集,微量元素组成与大寨富锗煤不同,与酸性花岗岩物源供应有关。勐托褐煤中REY含量范围为121~420 mg/kg,平均251 mg/kg,均较大寨富锗褐煤高,且以Ce显著正异常和Eu显著负异常为特征,明显区别于大寨褐煤,Eu负异常和上陆壳标准化的REY分配模式均表明勐托褐煤中稀土元素受盆地周边花岗岩风化陆源碎屑供应影响。     

湖南东坡半隐伏岩体的侵入方向及其空间形态特征

东坡(千里山—王仙岭)半隐伏岩体是湖南郴州地区与锡钨、铅锌成矿关系密切的重要岩体。为了弄清它们的侵入方向,根据不同尺度的剩余重力异常中心的位置与出露岩体中心的位置,判断出岩浆的侵入方向;通过重力异常的二维、三维反演,揭示了千里山岩体、王仙岭岩体的连接关系、二维空间形态特征以及与围岩的接触关系;推断认为:形成王仙岭岩体的岩浆是由北东—东南—北西方向侵入的;形成千里山岩体的岩浆是由北东往南(西)方向侵入的。而且两个岩体在深部相连,并且呈大岩基产出。     

北山大地构造深部成因与浅部成矿特征遥感综合分析

大地构造受地球深部动力活动控制这个观点早已为人们所接受.本文通过对地处新疆、甘肃、内蒙三省(区)交汇部位的北山及附近地区大地构造的综合分析,认为北山地区在构造上形成于塔里木、中朝与蒙古三大板块构造汇聚挤压环境,但对其影响最为主要的是塔里木板块的向北移动造成的北山地区的古洋闭合.同时,进一步的深部构造运动使塔里木板块向北俯冲北山造山带,造成北山造山带的断裂构造具有多向北倾的特点.这种区域性的由南向北挤压俯冲构造对于浅部成矿具有重要影响.已知的许多矿床均分布于规模较大的中酸性岩基北侧,并多与北倾逆冲断裂带及小岩株(群)关系密切,由于与断裂构造具有多向北倾,使得与成矿作用有关的岩基总体上也具有向北倾的特征,并导致后来的成矿岩浆能够侵入就位在岩基北缘,这为人们在类似地区寻找与岩浆活动有关的矿床提供了一种重要找矿方法和线索.     

河南鱼池岭钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及地质意义

河南嵩县鱼池岭钼矿床是东秦岭钼矿带新发现的大型斑岩钼矿床,产于被前人认为白垩纪的合峪花岗岩基内部。鱼池岭矿床5件辉钼矿样品的铼锇同位素模式年龄介于(134.3±2.0)~(141.8±1.6)Ma 之间,铼锇等时线年龄为144.3±5.2Ma（1σ,MSWD=3.7）。据此,结合前人获得的年龄资料,确定合峪复式花岗岩基的岩浆侵入序列为：(1) 144Ma之前的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,(2) 144Ma左右的黑云母二长花岗斑岩,(3) 136~127Ma左右的巨斑状黑云母二长花岗斑岩,(4) <127Ma的(石英)正长斑岩脉或岩株;合峪复式花岗岩基形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世,而非前人认为的仅限于白垩纪;成岩成矿构造背景为碰撞加厚的造山带地壳和岩石圈的伸展减薄或减压增温体制,岩浆侵入和成矿作用与地壳快速隆升事件相伴随。     

Mountain building across a lithospheric boundary during arc construction: The Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges batholith in the Sierra San Pedro Martir of Baja California, Mexico

The Jura-Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB) of Southern and Baja California contains a remarkable example of variation in crustal composition and structure across a batholith-parallel lithospheric-scale discontinuity. This lithospheric boundary between western oceanic-floored and eastern continental-floored crust influenced contractional deformation, arc magmatism, and differential exhumation of western and eastern zones in the batholith during its evolution.In the Sierra San Pedro Martir of Baja California, Mexico, a ca. 20 km wide, doubly vergent fan structure occurs across the PRB basement transition that consists of inward-dipping mylonite thrust sheets on the sides of the fan that gradually transition to a steeply-dipping tectonized zone in the center. A dramatic inverted metamorphic gradient occurs on the western side of this structure where mid-crustal amphibolite metamorphic grade rocks with peak pressures of 5–6 kbar in the center of the fan were thrust over upper-crustal sub-greenschist grade rocks (peak pressures < 2 kbar) in the western zone footwall. An inverted but smaller gradient occurs on the eastern side of the structure where rocks of the fan interior have been thrust eastwards over amphibolite to upper greenschist grade rocks (peak pressures 4–5 kbar).Gradients in cooling ages determined by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar biotite and K-feldspar and apatite fission track methods coupled with U–Pb zircon ages and Al in hornblende thermobarometry studies on plutons across this zone indicate that structures focused along the transition zone between contrasting lithosphere in the PRB accommodated nearly 15 km of the differential exhumation of western and eastern basement in the orogen. The western zone of the batholith was a major forearc depo-center for thick clastic sequences derived from the uplifting eastern PRB and remained at low average elevation during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. In contrast the eastern zone experienced dramatic uplift subsequent to achieving a crustal thickness in excess of 55 km by mid-Cretaceous time. This region had the isostatic potential for 4–5 km surface elevations, and likely formed a topographically high orogenic plateau. Exhumation of the fan structure initiated after 100 Ma and was largely complete by 85 Ma. Eastward-migrating unroofing of the rest of the eastern PRB continued into the Paleogene.A variety of factors were responsible for exhumation in this region. Structural thickening of the eastern zone of the orogen resulted from more than 30 million years of episodic contractional deformation in the fan structure, much of which followed island arc accretion of the western zone along this segment of the batholith. An episode of voluminous magmatism involving the intrusion of the 99–92 Ma La Posta-type magmatic suite across the eastern zone of the PRB triggered exhumation in the fan structure. Denudation in this region appears to have been solely by erosion; no evidence has been found for extensional tectonics during this time. This arc orogen demonstrates the important influence of inherited tectonic boundaries in controlling the spatial distribution of structural thickening and magmatism. It also displays the complex interrelationships among structural thickening, exhumation, and the role of magmatism in triggering exhumation episodes within orogens.     

秘鲁北部奇克拉约地区始新世-渐新世侵入岩时代、成因和构造环境

为充分认识秘鲁北部海岸岩基带始新世以来的构造岩浆演化特征,探讨侵入岩形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境,在海岸岩基带自西向东系统采集侵入岩样品。锆石U-Pb年代学数据显示侵入岩时代分两期,分别为52～47 Ma和36～28 Ma,具有自西向东逐渐变新的特征。样品岩石地球化学具有钙碱性-高钾钙碱性特征,明显富集Rb、Ba、K、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti高场强元素;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式均表现为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,具有弱的Eu负异常。Sr/Y-Y图解和Rb-(Y+Nb)图解显示岛弧岩浆岩的组成;Rb/Sr值和Th/U值接近壳源岩浆组成;Nb/Ta值和Zr/Hf值均接近平均陆壳组成;La/Ba-La/Nb图解指示具有岩石圈地幔源区的特征;A/MF-C/MF图解中多数样品落入基性岩的部分熔融区域。结合Nazca板块向南美大陆板块俯冲的构造背景及样品地球化学和年代学数据特征,认为两期侵入岩的岩浆具有同源特征,岩浆源区可能源于基性下地壳的部分熔融,并有岩石圈地幔物质混染;秘鲁北部在Nazca板块低角度平板俯冲作用下,岩浆弧向东迁移,同时地壳隆升和增厚时限较中南部地区的...     

云南临沧晚中新世一种水龙骨科植物化石的修订及其生物学意义

云南现代真蕨类植物资源丰富,蕨类植物多样性的地史起源,必须从化石记录入手。在云南临沧上中新统邦卖组植物化石采集中发现了槲蕨属1块不育叶和2块腐殖叶的新材料,这些标本为修订Drynaria propinqua Wen et al.,2013,以及揭示该种不育叶和腐殖叶的特征提供了新的材料。通过与槲蕨属国内外报道的化石种和现生种的详细比较,将其重新定名为Drynaria cf.propinqua。Drynaria cf.propinqua的发现,表明云南临沧晚中新世的气候与现今中国西南地区温暖湿润的气候类似,这些附生植物的生活习性表明,临沧地区复杂分层的森林生态系统至少在晚中新世已经确立。     

临沧永泉高岭土矿床地质特征及成因

从临沧永泉高岭土矿的成矿地质、矿体分层、矿石的类型和质量特征及表生作用下矿物的转化等方面对其成因进行了分析,系统说明了永泉高岭土矿床的成因类型为风化型中的风化残积亚型矿床,属原地风化形成。