内蒙古吉尔嘎郎图早古生代岩体成因——年代学、地球化学及Nd-Hf同位素制约

兴蒙造山带北缘断续分布的早古生代岩浆岩带,对古生代构造格局恢复及造山带演化研究具有重要意义。阿巴嘎旗北部吉尔嘎郎图岩体位于该岩浆岩带中段,为带内最大的早古生代复式侵入体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,吉尔嘎郎图岩体早期花岗闪长岩单元成岩年龄为455.0~495.6Ma。在主量元素组成上,岩体SiO_2含量中等(59.49%~68.22%),贫铁、镁,K_2O/Na_2O值(0.64~0.85)小于1,A/CNK=0.96~1.09,整体具有亚碱、弱过铝特征。稀土及微量元素方面,岩体富Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、P及高场强元素Nb、Ta等,稀土元素总量中等,具有弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.52~0.82)。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析结果显示,岩体具有亏损的同位素组成,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i=0.7053~0.7034,ε_(Nd)(t)=0.39~4.29,2件Hf同位素样品ε_(Hf)(t)均为正值,分别为ε_(Hf)(t)=7.6~10.8和ε_(Hf)(t)=3.7~7.9。岩石地球化学、年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素综合分析表明,吉尔嘎郎图岩体是早古生代古亚洲洋沿苏左旗—锡林浩特一线向北俯冲背景下,遭受了俯冲板片析出流体交代作用影响的新生下地壳部分熔融的产物,后期由于弧后拉张、贺根山洋盆打开与主体岛弧带分离,最终随着古亚洲洋的整体闭合,形成了与俯冲带彼此分隔的格局。     

新疆造山带造山作用及类型

对造山带的研究已有一百多年的历史 ,不同的学派有不同解释 :(1)地槽回返说认为 :造山带开始是地壳沉降成为槽地 ,后经回返作用褶皱成山 ;(2 )板块俯冲碰撞说认为 :岩石圈板块之间俯冲 -碰撞而造山 ;(3)多成因说认为 :大洋岩石圈和大陆岩石圈有本质的差别。大陆造山带不仅发生于板块边缘 ,更多的发生于大陆板块内部 ,大陆造山带是在多成因、多种多样的机制下形成的。依据以下五种原则 :1岩石圈的性质及其变形方式 ;2板块运动学方式 ;3造山作用的构造体制 ;4下冲作用所卷入范围的大小及其对上驮板块所造成的影响 ;5造山带增厚与剥露过程。将造山作用划分为 14种类型、2 1种造山方式。特别是软碰撞型、弱造山方式及盆山耦合式是具新疆特色的造山方式     

大陆岩石圈与软流圈之间的耦合关系—大陆动力学研究的突破口

板块构造学说解释了全球构造的许多现象,但尚未满意地解释大陆构造中的一些问题,例如陆内造山带的形成、造山带和盆地形成的复杂历史和旋回性问题、大陆构造圈的不均一性等。新近提出的一些构造模式,都不约而同地指出了软流圈在大陆构造发展中的重要作用,但尚未成功解决软流圈运动的驱动力问题。本文认为,大陆岩石圈与软流圈之间相互作用关系的深入研究,是阐明大陆动力学过程的关键之一。此外,本文还对“软流体振荡作用”工作假说作了初步讨论。     

从深部背景看燕山陆内造山作用的主因

中生代华北燕山造山带是陆内造山作用的典型,但长期来对造山作用的动力学机制存在多种分歧观点。本文尝试将岩石圈不同深度的构造整合在一起,探索陆内造山作用的主因。本文拟从燕山带中生代构造运动的基本特征入手,选择集宁-承德基底岩石圈断裂带作为先存构造薄弱带,结合不同深度层次的地质作用:①地表的断陷盆地及其火山-沉积岩建造;②断块构造的差异隆升;③固态流变和地热活动;④幔源或者壳幔混溶的火山岩,论证先存构造薄弱带的活化现象。在此基础上,通过幔源熔-流体的交代作用讨论了岩石圈强度的弱化,结合岩石圈结构的层析成像研究,得到初步结论:地幔底辟体上涌是华北克拉通中生代构造活化的重要背景。不排除不同板块间相互作用的影响。最后,从与国外典型的陆内造山带的对比中,进一步认识到:深部地幔物质上涌和上部岩石圈物质的均衡调整,是陆内造山与陆缘造山的本质区别。     

High-precision geochronology of Mesozoic magmatism in Macao,Southeast China:Evidence for multistage granite emplacement

Six new high precision U-Pb zircon ID-TIMS ages plus thirteen in situ high spatial resolution U-Pb zircon LA-MC-ICPMS ages are reported from Jurassic plutonic(metaluminous to weakly peraluminous biotite granites)and Jurassic to Cretaceous hypabyssal(dacites)rocks from Macao.Despite its relatively small area(~30 km^2),the new ages tightly constrain the Macao granitic magmatism to two periods ranging from 164.5±0.6 Ma to 162.9±0.7 Ma and 156.6±0.2 Ma to 155.5±0.8 Ma,separated by ca.6 Ma.Inherited zircons point to the existence of a basement with ages up to Paleo-Proterozoic and late Archean in the region.In addition,younger dacitic rocks were dated at 150.6±0.6 Ma and<120 Ma.U-Pb zircon ages and whole-rock REE data of Macao granites indicate that the first pulse is also represented in Hong Kong and Southeast(SE)China,while magmatism with the chemical characteristics of the second pulse seems to not be represented outside Macao.The two granitic magmatic pulses have distinct mineralogical and geochemical features that support their discrete nature rather than a continuum of comagmatic activity and suggest that the Macao granitic suite was incrementally assembled during a period of ca.9 Ma,a hypothesis also extendable to the neighboring Hong Kong region for a time lapse of ca.24 Ma.In Macao,the transition from granitic magmatism(Middle to Upper Jurassic)to the younger dacite dykes(Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous)most likely corresponds to a change in the regional tectonic setting,from an extensional regime related with foundering of the subducting paleoPacific plate during the Early Yanshanian period to the reestablishment of a normal subduction system in SE China during the Late Yanshanian period.     

鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产分布及其构造背景

借助“成矿系统”的思维, 探讨鄂尔多斯盆地成矿(藏)系统形成机制及其构造背景.盆地于中生代处于大地构造体制转折的重要阶段, 盆地边缘的造山活动显著, 盆内亦分别于晚三叠世、晚侏罗世与晚白垩世左右发生过3次构造热事件.区域构造体制转换事件导致了多种成藏(矿)作用的发生.盆地内部的构造热事件引发了有机流体的活动, 周缘造山作用产生了向盆内流动的无机含铀热液.有机和无机流体的活动过程中存在相互作用, 有机流体的存在形成氧化-还原障, 导致无机流体关键物理化学参数的转变, 在氧化-还原界面处成矿.突变成矿和界面成矿是多种能源矿产成矿过程的主要机制.      

江南隆起带皖赣相邻区燕山期岩浆岩 Nd-Sr同位素特征

江南隆起带皖南地区与赣东北地区燕山期岩浆岩Nd-Sr同位素特征的对比研究表明,皖南燕山期花岗岩体、斑岩体及赣东北燕山期花岗岩与赣东北燕山期斑岩体在成岩物质来源上具有明显差异。皖南燕山期花岗岩和斑岩体及赣东北燕山期花岗岩成岩物质以壳源为主,成岩物质来源区夹有一定的幔源物质,而赣东北燕山期斑岩体则具有幔源特征,这是赣东北地区燕山期与岩浆岩有关的多金属矿床发育、而皖南地区不发育的重要原因。Nd-Sr同位素的研究结果与地球物理、成岩构造背景和稀土元素等研究结果相吻合。     

P–T–t–D records of Early Palaeozoic Andean-type shortening of a hot active margin: The Dunhuang block in NW China

High-pressure (HP) granulites form either in the domain of the subducted plate during continental collision or in supra-subduction systems where the thermally softened upper plate is shortened and thickened. Such a discrepancy in tectonic setting can be evaluated by metamorphic pressure–temperature–time-deformation (P–T–t–D) paths. In the current study, P–T–t–D paths of Early Palaeozoic HP granulite facies rocks, in the form of metabasic lenses enclosed in migmatitic metapelite, from the Dunhuang block, NW China, are investigated in order to constrain the nature of the HP rocks and shed light on the geodynamic evolution of a modern hot orogenic system in an active margin setting. The rocks show a polyphase evolution characterized by (1) relics of horizontal or gently dipping fabric (S1) preserved in cores of granulite lenses and in garnet porphyroblasts, (2) a N-S trending sub-vertical fabric (S2) preserved in low-strain domains and (3) upright folds (F3) associated with a ubiquitous steep E-W striking axial planar foliation (S3). Garnet in the granulites preserves relics of a prograde mineral assemblage M1a equilibrated at ~11.5 kbar and ~770–780°C, whereas the matrix granulite assemblage (M1b) from the S1 fabric attained peak pressure at ~13.5 kbar and ~850°C. The granulites were overprinted at ~8–11 kbar and ~850–900°C during crustal melting (M2) followed by partial re-equilibration (M3) at ~8 kbar and ~625°C. A garnet Lu–Hf age of 421.6 ± 1.2 Ma dates metamorphism M1, while a garnet Sm–Nd age of 385.3 ± 4.0 Ma reflects M3 cooling of the granulites. The mineral assemblage, M1, of the host migmatitic metapelite formed at ~9–12.5 kbar and ~760–810°C, partial melting and migmatization (M2) occurred at ~7 kbar and ~760°C and re-equilibration (M3) at ~5–6 kbar and ~675°C. A garnet Lu–Hf age of 409.7 ± 2.3 Ma dates thermal climax (M2) and a garnet Sm–Nd age of 356 ± 11 Ma constrains M3 for the migmatitic metapelites. The timing of this late phase is also bracketed by an emplacement age of syntectonic granite dated at c. 360 Ma. Decoupling of M1 and M2 P–T evolutions between the mafic granulites and migmatitic metapelites indicates their different positions in the crustal column, while the shared pressure–temperature (P–T) evolution M3 suggests formation of a mélange-like association during the late stages of orogeny. The high-pressure event D1-M1 is interpreted as a result of Late Silurian–Early Devonian moderate crustal thickening of a thermally softened and thinned pre-orogenic crust. The high-temperature (HT) re-equilibration D2-M2 is interpreted as a result of Mid-Devonian shortening of the previously thickened crust, possibly due to ‘Andean-type’ underthrusting. The D3-M3 event reflects Late Devonian supra-subduction shortening and continuous erosion of the sub-crustal lithosphere. This tectono-metamorphic sequence of events is explained by polyphased Andean-type deformation of a ‘Cascadia-type’ active margin, which corresponds to a supra-subduction tectonic switching paradigm.     

义敦岛弧带弧后区板内岩浆作用的时代及意义

通过对义敦岛弧夏囊沟一带酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学和Rb-Sr同位素研究,首次在该岛弧弧后区确立了一条板内火山岩带.这些火山岩属钾玄岩系列,以高K2O,低CaO,富Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,贫Sr、Eu为特点,具标准的"V"型稀土元素配分型式,构造环境判别图解显示其形成于板内裂陷环境.由4个全岩样品给出的Rb-Sr等时线年龄t=189.2±5.0 Ma,相关系数R=0.999?824,ISr=0.714?578.认为火山岩的成分分异受斜长石在岩浆源区熔融残留和岩浆形成后黑云母的结晶分离双重控制.位于该带东侧弧后扩张盆地中的晚三叠世勉戈组双峰火山岩的形成年龄为213.1 Ma,说明该岛弧仅仅在24 Ma左右时限内就完成了从俯冲造弧到板内裂陷的重大转换,由此可对该岛弧带的碰撞造山过程和演化时序做出精确约束.     

西南三江地区新生代走滑造山

本文系统论述了西南三江地区那邦、高黎贡山、崇山-澜沧江、点苍山-哀牢山-红河剪切走滑带、区域性伸展与变质核杂岩、新生代盆地及走滑过程中的碱性岩浆活动等特征,认为西南三江地区经历了挤压收缩变形(60～40Ma)、走滑伸展热隆(40～38Ma)、走滑剪切深熔(38～23Ma)、走滑剪切伸展(23～11Ma)、走滑剥蚀隆升(...