模拟固体中波动过程的细胞自动机建模研究

从统计物理的原理出发，首先分析了采用细胞自动机研究波动问题的建模方法，给出了一种研究弹性介质中纵波传播过程的细胞自动机模型，讨论了该模型中粒子数密度函数所满足的运动方程和对应的宏观方程。为了检验方法的正确性，对同一数值模型将细胞自动机方法的计算结果与波动方程的有限差分解进行了对比。结果表明，本文所采用的方法是可行的。     

Source of Ash Zone 1 in the North Atlantic

Geochemical evidence shows that the silicic component of the widespread Ash Zone 1 in the North Atlantic is derived from a major ignimbrite-forming eruption which occurred at the Katla caldera in southern Iceland during the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions in Younger Dryas time. Both trace and major element evidence of the rhyolitic products excludes the Öræfajökull volcano as a source. The high-Ti basaltic component in the marine ash zone can also be attributed to contemporaneous eruption in the Katla volcanic complex. Dispersal of tephra from this event is primarily attributed to the generation of co-ignimbrite ash columns in the atmosphere, with ash fallout on both sea ice and on the ocean floor north and east of Iceland. Owing to the changing ocean circulation characteristics of the glacial regime, including suppression of the Irminger Current and a stronger North Atlantic Current, tephra was rafted on sea ice south into the central North Atlantic and deposited as dispersed Ash Zone 1. Sediments south of Iceland also show evidence of the formation of ash turbidites, generated either by the entrance of pyroclastic flows into the sea, or during discharge of jökulhlaups or glacier bursts from this subglacial eruption.     

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESENT PRODUCTIVITY FOR CULTIVATED LAND IN THE FARNMING-PASTORAL ZONE OF INNER MONGOLIA

IntroductionSituatedinthenorthern,southeastemandsouthemDaxing'anling(Greatffiopn)-YinshanmoUnains,theFamungPastoralZone(interlockingareaoffandngandpasturinginlnnerMongolai,withanareaof3oO,5o6.6km',iscorrespondatwiththefandngpaStoral-forestareaintheropon.T…     

论板块碰撞运动学研究──以江南和东天山造山带为例

板块碰撞构造运动学是８０年代以来国际上兴起，至今仍方兴未艾的研究领域。本文运用构造运动学的基本原理，结合近年来在江南和东天山造山带的工作实践，对板块碰撞的地质标志、运动学研究的多项重要内容、韧剪带的成因类型等作了总结．最后对江南和东天山造山带的碰撞运动学特征和新认识作了简要介绍。     

3D seismic analysis of the Coast Shear Zone in SE Alaska and Western British Columbia: Broadside analysis of ACCRETE wide-angle data

The multidisciplinary ACCRETE project addresses the question of continental assemblage in southeast Alaska and western British Columbia by terrane accretion and magmatic addition. The previous studies of this project yielded important information for understanding the structures across the Coast Shear Zone (CSZ) and the formation of the CSZ and the Coast Mountains Batholith (CMB). The present study extends these interpretations into pseudo-3-D by using two additional wide-angle ACCRETE seismic lines. By analyzing the broadside wide-angle data using a series of laterally homogeneous 2-D models, we derive a lower-resolution 3-D velocity model of the outboard terranes and constrain variations in crustal thickness across and along the CSZ. Models of the broadside data confirms major structural and compositional trends extend along strike to the northwest. The key features are: a) a steep Moho ramp only  15-km wide is coincident with the CSZ and divides thin (25 ± 1 km) crust to the west below the west-vergent thrust belt (WTB) from thicker ( 31 ± 1 km) crust to the east below the CMB, (b) low-velocity mantle (7.7--7.9 km/s) extends beneath the entire study region indicating high crustal and upper-mantle temperatures below the WTB and CMB, and (c) the Alexander terrane is characterized by strong mid-crustal reflectivity and high lower crustal velocities that are consistent with gabbroic composition. This study extends the earlier interpretation and implies that the ramp is indeed likely associated with transpressional tectonics and magmatic crustal addition east of the CSZ.     

Immature and mature transform zones near a hot spot: The South Iceland Seismic Zone and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone (Iceland)

We describe and compare the two transform zones that connect the Icelandic rift segments and the mid-Atlantic Ridge close to the Icelandic hot spot, in terms of geometry of faulting and stress fields. The E–W trending South Iceland Seismic Zone is a diffuse shear zone with a Riedel fault pattern including N0°–N20°E trending right-lateral and N60°–N70°E trending left-lateral faults. The dominant stress field in this zone is characterised by NW–SE extension, in general agreement with left-lateral transform motion. The Tjörnes Fracture Zone includes three major lineaments at different stages of development. The most developed, the Húsavík–Flatey Fault, presents a relatively simple geometry with a major fault that trends ESE–WNW. The stress pattern is however complex, with two dominant directions of extension, E–W and NE–SW on average. Both these extensions are compatible with the right-lateral transform motion and reveal different behaviours in terms of coupling. Transform motion has unambiguous fault expression along a mature zone, a situation close to that of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. In contrast, transform motion along the immature South Iceland Seismic Zone is expressed through a more complicate structural pattern. At the early stage of the transform process, relatively simple stress patterns prevail, with a single dominant stress field, whereas, when the transform zone is mature, moderate and low coupling situations may alternate, as a function of volcanic–tectonic crises and induce changes in stress orientation.     

Tectonics of the southern Asian Plate margin along the Karakoram Shear Zone: Constraints from field observations and U–Pb SHRIMP ages

New geological observations, recent published data and U–Pb SHRIMP zircon dating from the Karakoram Mountains along the Nubra and Shyok Rivers reveal that the initial subduction of the Tethyan oceanic lithosphere took place ~ 110 Ma beneath the Paleozoic–Mesozoic platform of the southern edge of the Asian Plate. This has produced the I-type plutons within the Karakoram Batholith Complex, well before the juxtaposition of the Asian Plate along the Karakoram Shear Zone. Within this shear zone, U–Pb zircon crystallisation ages of ~ 75 Ma from mylonitised granitoids and 68 Ma from undeformed Tirit granodiorite constrain the timing of suturing of the Karakoram terrain with the Trans-Himalaya between 75 and 68 Ma. Post-shearing leucogranite was episodically generated within frontal migmatised Karakoram Metamorphic Belt and emplaced between 20 and 13 Ma within the shear zone. Presence of a low resistivity zone as a possible indication of mid-crustal partial molten crust underneath the Higher Himalaya–Ladakh–Karakoram terrains manifests the impingement of the Indian Plate along the Main Himalayan Thrust at depth.

Physical continuity of the Baltoro granite belt into the Karakoram Batholith is established as well as the continuity of the Shyok suture as the Shiquanhe Suture Zone in western Tibet through the Chushul–Dungti sector. The Karakoram Shear Zone, therefore, displays a complex geological history of movements since ~ 75 Ma and plays a very significant role in the overall India–Asia convergence, rather than merely being a strike-slip fault for eastward extrusion of a segment of Asia in Tibet.     

潜在多金属结核矿床GIS预测系统设计与应用

文章简要介绍了赤道东北太平洋Clarion-Clipperton海区多金属结核矿床产出的大地构造位置和结核空间分布特点。根据该海区多金属结核的成因特点,预测该海区潜在多金属结核矿床的分布,对潜在多金属结核矿床GIS预测系统进行了需求分析和系统设计。采用Microsoft公司的Visual Basic 6.0和RSI公司的IDL 6.0编程语言及Microsoft公司的Access数据库,选用ESRI公司的MapObjects 2.3 GIS组件,对该软件系统的"文件"、"查询"、"图层管理"、"查明资源"、"潜在资源"、"工具"、"浏览"、"帮助"等8大功能进行了编程实现。系统运用于国际海底区域研究"十五"专项课题"基于CC区的多金属结核矿床地质模型"研究中,获得了该区查明资源估算量、潜在资源位置和数量等预测成果。     

云南金矿带划分及成矿规律

云南岩金矿床可划分9条成矿带（区）,金矿储量占全省岩金上表总储量96．42％,有充分代表性。金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩金矿带,包括北衙（大型）、金厂箐（中型）、小水井（大型）、长安（大型）等金矿,上表储量66．06t,远景储量240t。首次将小水井、长安金矿列为富碱斑岩型金矿床。广南-富宁矿集区,包括老寨湾（大型）、那能（中型）、堂上（中型）等金矿,上表储量35．889t,工程控制储量达82．549t。P3β^1、P3β^2、P3l等层位赋存玄武岩型金矿;D1、T1、T2层位赋存卡林型金矿,成因与岩浆活动有关,为燕山期中-低（主）温热液矿床,属扬子地块西南缘低温成矿区重要组成部分。     

Colonial contexts and the feasibility of mitigation through transition: A study of the impact of historical processes on the emissions dynamics of nation-states

It has long been accepted that the relative affluence and technological efficiency of nations are important contributors to their rate of emissions. These associations have, in turn, driven questions about the feasibility of mitigating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through incremental transition to “business as usual” policy structures in variant social contexts. Here, I explore the extent to which the historical context of colonial relations impacts the feasibility of a nation mitigating emissions per capita, emissions per dollar, and total emissions under current development logics. To do so I examine the structure of variation for 152 nations during the 1960–2018 period. Subsequently, I examine how being situated as an extractive colony in the past serves to moderate the association of GDP per capita with CO ₂ emissions per capita, CO ₂ emissions per dollar, and total CO ₂ emissions in the present. I find that roughly 11% of cross-national variation in CO ₂ emissions per capita and CO ₂ emissions per dollar, as well as nearly 6% of variation in total CO ₂ emissions between 1960 and 2018 is attributable to having been historically subjected to extractive colonial processes. These findings suggest that mitigation of emissions through transition of “business as usual” policy structures appears significantly less feasible for nations positioned as extractive colonies in the past, relative to all others.