The bowing potential of granitic rocks: rock fabrics, thermal properties and residual strain

The bowing of natural stone panels is especially known for marble slabs. The bowing of granite is mainly known from tombstones in subtropical humid climate. Field inspections in combination with laboratory investigations with respect to the thermal expansion and the bowing potential was performed on two different granitoids (Cezlak granodiorite and Flossenbürg granite) which differ in the composition and rock fabrics. In addition, to describe and explain the effect of bowing of granitoid facade panels, neutron time-of-flight diffraction was applied to determine residual macro- and microstrain. The measurements were combined with investigations of the crystallographic preferred orientation of quartz and biotite. Both samples show a significant bowing as a function of panel thickness and destination temperature. In comparison to marbles the effect of bowing is more pronounced in granitoids at temperatures of 120°C. The bowing as well as the thermal expansion of the Cezlak sample is also anisotropic with respect to the rock fabrics. A quantitative estimate was performed based on the observed textures. The effect of the locked-in stresses may also have a control on the bowing together with the thermal stresses related to the different volume expansion of the rock-forming minerals.     

广西大容山-十万大山岩带中花岗岩类特征及成因

大容山-十万大山花岗岩带由花岗岩、花岗斑岩和少量混合花岗岩、酸性火山岩组成,它们共同构成一个原地半原地→中深成侵入→浅成侵入→喷出相的完整花岗岩类成因系列。这些岩石在矿物组成、化学成分、微量和稀土元素以及同位素组成上十分相似,都来源于上部地壳,属陆壳转生型花岗岩,其源岩是由角闪岩相到麻粒岩相的变质沉积岩。     

Geochemistry,U–Pb geochronology,Sm–Nd and O isotopes of ca. 50 Ma long Ediacaran High-K Syn-Collisional Magmatism in the Pernambuco Alagoas Domain,Borborema Province,NE Brazil

The Pernambuco Alagoas (PEAL) domain shows the major occurrence of granitic batholiths of the Borborema Province, NE Brazil, with Archean to Neoproterozoic range of Nd T_DM model ages, giving clues on the role of granites during the Brasiliano orogeny. SHRIMP U/Pb zircon geochronological data for seven granitic intrusions of the PEAL domain divide the studied granitoids into three groups: 1) early-to syn-collision granitoids with crystallization ages ca. 635 Ma (Serra do Catú pluton), 2) syn-collision granitoids with crystallization ages 610–618 Ma (Santana do Ipanema, Água Branca, Mata Grande and Correntes plutons) and 3) late-to post-collision granitoids with ages of ca. 590 Ma (Águas Belas, and Cachoeirinha plutons). The intrusions of group 1 and 2, except the Mata Grande and Correntes plutons, show Nd T_DM model ages ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 Ga, while the granitoids from group 3, and Mata Grande Pluton and Correntes plutons have Nd T_DM model ages ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 Ga. The studied granitoids with ages <600 Ma are high-K, calc-alkaline, shoshonitic and those with ages <600 Ma are transitional high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline. The volcanic arc signatures associated with the Paleoproterozoic Nd T_DM model ages are interpreted as inherited from the source rocks. The oldest ages and lower Nd T_DM model ages are recorded from granitoids intruded in the southwest part of the PEAL domain, suggesting that these intrusions are associated with slab-tearing during convergence between the PEAL and the Sergipano domains. Zircon oxygen isotopic data in some of the studied plutons, together with the available Nd isotopic data suggest that the Brasiliano orogeny strongly reworked older crust, of either Paleoproterozoic or Tonian ages. The studied granitoids are coeval with calc-alkaline granitoids of the Transversal Zone and Sergipano domains and rare high-K calc-alkaline granitoids from the Transversal Zone domain. Such large volumes of high-K granitoids with crystallization ages older than 600 Ma are not recorded in the Transversal Zone domains, suggesting that at least between 600 and 650 Ma, the granitic magmatism of these two areas were distinct. However, the studied granitoids (630–580 Ma) located in the north part of the PEAL domain, north of the Palmares shear zone are coeval with granitoids of similar geochemical compositions in the Transversal Zone domain. It suggests that the southeastern part of the Transversal Zone and the northern part of the PEAL domains belonged to the same crustal block during the Brasiliano/Pan-African orogeny.     

Mesozoic granitic magmatism in extensional tectonics near the Mongolian border in China and its implications for crustal growth

The Yagan area of the southernmost Sino–Mongolian border is characterized by an extensional structure where a large metamorphic core complex (Yagan–Onch Hayrhan) and voluminous granitoids are exposed. New isotopic age data indicate that the granitoids, which were previously regarded as Paleozoic in age, were emplaced in early and late Mesozoic times. The early Mesozoic granitoids have 228±7 Ma U–Pb zircon age, and consist of linear mylonitic quartz monzonites and biotite monzogranites. Their chemical compositions are similar to those of potassic granites and shoshonitic series, and show an intraplate and post-collisional environment in tectonic discrimination diagrams. Their fabrics reveal that they experienced syn-emplacement extensional deformation. All these characteristics suggest that the adjustment, thinning and extensional deformation at middle to lower crustal levels might have occurred in the early Mesozoic. The late Mesozoic granitoids have a U–Pb zircon age of 135±2 Ma, and are made up of large elliptical granitic plutons. They are high-K calc-alkaline, and were forcefully emplaced in the dome extensional setting. Both the early and late Mesozoic granitoids have Nd (t) values of −2.3 to +5, in strong contrast with the negative Nd (t) values (−11) of the Precambrian host rocks. This suggests that juvenile mantle-derived components were involved in the formation of the granitoids. The similar situation is omnipresent in Central Asia. This study demonstrates that tectonic extension, magmatism and crustal growth are closely related, and that post-collisional and intraplate magmatism was probably a significant process for continental growth in the Phanerozoic.     

Nd isotopic composition of Paleoproterozoic volcanic and granitoid rocks of Vila Riozinho: implications for the crustal evolution of the Tapajós gold province, Amazon craton

Nd data from the Paleoproterozoic magmatic rocks of Vila Riozinho and Jamanxim (Tapajós gold province) indicate that original magmas were not produced exclusively by the remelting of Archean sialic crust and point to dominant Paleoproterozoic sources. ε_Nd(T) values preclude derivation from mantle sources for the ca. 2.0 Ga Vila Riozinho volcanics and older São Jorge granite. They may represent a subduction-related magmatic arc with magmas modified by interaction with crust or a post- to late-orogenic remelting of an older Paleoproterozoic juvenile arc with minimal contribution from the Archean crust. The origin of the 1.88 Ga Parauari, Maloquinha, Iriri, and Moraes Almeida igneous associations and the Jamanxim rhyolites has been attributed to large-scale taphrogenesis that marked the breakup of a large Paleoproterozoic continent. Derivation of the original magmas from the remelting of crustal sources older than ca. 1.9 Ga is consistent with geochemical and Nd isotopic data. Archean remnants probably occur between the Paleoproterozoic terrains of the Ventuari-Tapajós province. Archean terrains of the Amazon craton extend from the Xingu to the Itaituba region but have not been identified in the southern Guyana shield. Thus, data reveal that the boundaries between the central Amazon and Ventuari-Tapajós provinces need better definition and more detailed field and geochronological work.     

东天山觉罗塔格红云滩花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

东天山觉罗塔格地区广泛发育的晚古生代岩浆岩及相关的矿产一直是东天山大地构造研究的焦点。觉罗塔格南缘红云滩花岗质岩体的岩石、矿物组合显示典型的钙碱性火山弧花岗岩特征。岩石地球化学研究表明,该花岗质岩石富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素,是洋壳俯冲所导致的下地壳物质部分熔融、岩浆分离结晶和上地壳同化混染作用的产物。LAM-ICP/MS锆石定年结果表明,红云滩花岗岩侵位于早-中石炭世(328．5±9．3Ma)。结合觉罗塔格地区由南至北,晚古生代矿产分布由火山沉积-热液改造型铁矿向斑岩型铜钼矿过渡的特征、火山-沉积岩分布和该区晚古生代的大地构造演化历史,作者推测:早古生代觉罗塔格洋向塔里木板块俯冲并形成中天山岛弧之后,该洋盆并未完全消亡,并于晚古生代时极性反转,向北俯冲于准-吐-哈地块之下。红云滩花岗岩正是形成于晚古生代觉罗塔格俯冲洋壳之上的火山弧环境。觉罗塔格地区晚古生代的岩浆岩,火山-沉积岩和矿产分布均不同程度受控于这一大地构造背景。     

A post-collisional magmatic plumbing system: Mesozoic granitoid plutons from the Dabieshan high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic zone, east-central China

Three groups of Mesozoic shoshonitic or high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks are identified in Dabieshan high-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic zone, east-central China and they are related to: (I) slab breakoff; (II) magmatic underplating; and (III) doming. Group-I, the slab breakoff-type, consists of late Triassic (210 Ma) mafic monzodiorites. It has moderate to high Sr, and low Rb and Ba abundances, and moderate light rare earth element (LREE)/heavy rare earth element (HREE) and K/Rb ratios. Group-II, the underplating-type, consists mainly of middle Jurassic–early Cretaceous (160–120 Ma) hornblende quartz monzonitic, biotite monzogranitic, and syenogranitic plutons, characterized by relatively high LREE/HREE and K/Rb ratios, and by a large range in concentration of Sr and Ba, coupled with much smaller range in Rb. Group-III, the doming-type, is represented by Cretaceous (125–95 Ma) granitic stocks and granitic porphyry. Compared with group-II, it has high Rb, Y and HREE abundances, low Sr and Ba abundances and low LREE/HREE and K/Rb ratios. All groups have similar Nd and Sr isotopic compositions. Among the three groups, post-collisional granitoid magmatism (group-II) with ages of 160 to 120 Ma, post-dating the HP and UHP metamorphism at 245 to 220 Ma, is the most abundant in the Dabieshan area. The post-collisional granitoid plutons were initially emplaced at different levels ranging from mid-crust to near-surface. This study shows that the whole-rock chemistry of the granitoids vary systematically with crystallization pressures. For example, K₂O, normative Or, Rb and Zr show the strongest increase with decreasing pressure, whereas Ba, Nb, Nd, Yb, MnO, and normative An decrease upward in the Dabie Block. It is suggested that ascent of differentiated, buoyant liquids, combined with fractionation paired with assimilation (AFC), is responsible for the vertical variation. Geological, geochemical and petrological data indicate that group-I could have been generated by partial melting of enriched subcontinental lithosphere mantle due to slab breakoff. Group-II rocks could have been produced mainly from crustal assimilation/melting and fractional crystallization of mantle-derived magmas, whereas group-III magma could have derived from anatexis of the Dabie complex and was highly evolved in a hot doming setting. The late Triassic-early Jurassic slab breakoff may be responsible for the exhumation of UHP rocks through the mantle. The voluminous granitic emplacement together with an episode of rapid denudation suggests that magmatic underplating and inflation could have played a role in the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rapid exhumation of Dabieshan.     

华南古生代花岗岩类Nd—Sr同位素研究及华南基底

统计表明,华南古生代花岗岩类的形成,主要集中在两个时期:奥陶纪到泥盆纪和二叠纪到三叠纪。 Nd-Sr同位素结果表明,这两个时期花岗岩类,主要来自地块深部古老大陆基底。这一基底的最老年龄,大约为20亿年。根据全球花岗岩类ε_(Nd)(0)随岩体形成时代演变统计规律,推算表明,确实存在有一种类型花岗岩类,其形成和地幔密切相关,还极有可能就是地幔派生的产物。