Recorder-Dependent Temperature Error of Expendable Bathythermograph

The accuracy of temperature measurement by the expendable bathythermograph (XBT) is examined for five types of recorders by comparison with co-located CTD measurements and statistical analysis of temperature profiles including an isothermal layer. A positive temperature error increasing downward is occasionally detected for two types of Japanese recorder which have been commonly used among Japanese oceanographic institutions and marine observatories. This error resembles to that reported by Bailey et al. (1989) and Wright (1991) for a different type of recorders, although its cause is not clearly understood. The irregular occurrence of the error suggests that the problem is not solely due to the recorders but rather by some inconsistency of the whole measuring system including them, an XBT probe and sea water. The error is estimated to increase at a rate of O (0.1°C/100 m), and it could be close to 1°C at the deepest part of the profiles (760 m for Tsurumi T-7). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

海洋遥感的应用与展望

海洋遥感利用电磁波与大气和海洋的相互作用原理观测和研究海洋，以海洋及海岸事作为监测、研究对象，具有快速、多波段、周期性、大面积覆盖等观测能力的空间遥感技术，回顾了海洋遥感发展的4个阶段，介绍了海洋遥感在海洋资源环境调查、动态监测以及海洋污染等方面的应用，最后，提出了海岸带遥感动态监测技术的精确化和定量化研究、海洋遥感地理信息系统建设以及海洋小卫星遥感的应用是未来海洋遥感研究和应用的重点。     

利用卫星遥感监测南极海冰的研究和进展

本文是根据南极“八五”国家攻关课题中的“南极海冰监测和预报”的考核目标，实现为南极考察船在 冰区中航行提供精确和清晰的冰图和预报。     

建立我国沿海永久GPS陆海垂直运动监测网的建议

论述了在我国沿海建立永久GPS陆海垂直运动监测风的目的和意义，介绍了有关的国内外发展现状，监测的方法和原理，最后提出了在我国建立永久GPS陆海垂直运动监测网的具体建议。     

SeagrassNet monitoring across the Americas: case studies of seagrass decline

Seagrasses are an important coastal habitat worldwide and are indicative of environmental health at the critical land–sea interface. In many parts of the world, seagrasses are not well known, although they provide crucial functions and values to the world's oceans and to human populations dwelling along the coast. Established in 2001, SeagrassNet, a monitoring program for seagrasses worldwide, uses a standardized protocol for detecting change in seagrass habitat to capture both seagrass parameters and environmental variables. SeagrassNet is designed to statistically detect change over a relatively short time frame (1–2 years) through quarterly monitoring of permanent plots. Currently, SeagrassNet operates in 18 countries at 48 sites; at each site, a permanent transect is established and a team of people from the area collects data which is sent to the SeagrassNet database for analysis. We present five case studies based on SeagrassNet data from across the Americas (two sites in the USA, one in Belize, and two in Brazil) which have a common theme of seagrass decline; the study represents a first latitudinal comparison across a hemisphere using a common methodology. In two cases, rapid loss of seagrass was related to eutrophication, in two cases losses related to climate change, and in one case, the loss is attributed to a complex trophic interaction resulting from the presence of a marine protected area. SeagrassNet results provide documentation of seagrass change over time and allow us to make scientifically supported statements about the status of seagrass habitat and the extent of need for management action.     

应用全球定位系统、地理信息系统和遥感技术实现海洋资源与环境的可持续发展

分析了当前我国海洋资源及环境的现状,并提出相应的对策。举例说明了全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)(合称为3S)在海洋资源调查、环境保护等可持续发展核心问题中的应用,提出一些海洋领域近期亟待应用3S技术的重大课题。指出,“数字海底”和“海岸带”研究是当前海洋研究的切入点,是海洋经济、海洋政治、海洋科学问题的重中之重,与人类生存和发展密切相关。     

网箱养鱼诱发有机物污染的生物监测

介绍三种通过底栖动物群落结构的变化对有机物污染监测和评价的方法,并分别对澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州Nubeena鳟鱼养殖场内由高密度网箱养鱼诱发的有机物污染进行了检测。结果表明:距网箱垂线0m处为严重污染区域,10m处为中度污染区域,30m为过渡类型,其有机物对该处底栖生物仍具有害影响,60m处为轻度有机物富集区,但该处有机物对底栖生物的总效应是有益的,60m以外为正常区域。本文还对三种方法的适用性进行了讨论。     

GPS技术在高层建筑施工三维测控中的应用

垂直度控制和标高控制是确保高层和超高层建筑施工质量的关键,传统的高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度控制和标高控制方法存在着工作过程繁琐、效率低、精度难尽人意等若干问题,为了克服传统法的缺陷,提出了利用GPS技术进行高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度与标高控制的新思路,高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度与标高的GPS控制摆脱了传统方法对地面控制点的过度依赖,实现了对施工垂直度与标高的快速、高效、高精度控制,确保了施工质量。结合工程实例叙述了利用GPS技术控制高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度与标高的工作过程。     

无人机载线阵摆扫CCD影像几何校正

针对无人机载线阵CCD传感器摆扫成像的技术特点,利用GPS/INS组合导航系统提供的导航遥测数据,对无人机载的线阵摆扫CCD影像建立了严格的成像模型,并设计了详细的几何校正流程。实验结果证实采用文中的成像模型和几何校正流程,可获得正确、高精度地理编码的线阵摆扫CCD正射影像。