等性块段指数法的应用与推广

等性块段指数法是中国地质大学(武汉)詹才高等于1985年创立的,用构造指数和煤层指数定量划分井田勘探类型。本文阐述等性块段指数法的计算方法;较划分煤田勘探类型的其它方法,具有突出的优点及实际应用效果。并提出在我省煤田地质勘探中推广应用的建议。     

新疆乌伦古河地区铀矿化类型及其特征

新疆东北部乌伦古河地区位于天山-兴蒙造山系东-西准噶尔弧盆系,涵盖准噶尔洋内弧（萨吾尔山-加波萨尔岛弧）、科克森他乌-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩混杂岩带、塔尔巴哈台-三塘湖复合岛弧带（卡拉麦里-莫钦乌拉岛弧带）等3个Ⅲ级构造单元（潘桂棠等,2009）,属哈萨克斯坦波谢库尔-成吉斯到我国雪米斯坦-沙尔布提Cu-Au-Be-U成矿带（申萍等,2015）的东延,相邻的雪米斯坦山地区已发现有白杨河铍铀矿床等一系列的铀矿床、矿点和矿化点,乌伦古河地区虽未发现成规模的铀矿床和铀矿点,但已发现大量的铀矿化点和异常点,具有较大的铀成矿潜力。根据其铀矿化赋存主岩、矿化特征及控制因素,乌伦古河地区铀矿化类型主要见碳硅泥岩型、伟晶岩型、花岗岩型和表生富集型,其中以碳硅泥岩型铀矿化为主。     

1999～2014年我国铜矿勘查投入 与找矿成果分析

1999年以来,我国在基础地质调查和矿产资源评价方面,先后开展了新一轮国土资源大调查项目、全国危机矿山接替资源找矿专项、青藏专项、新疆358专项、找矿突破战略行动纲要（2011~2020年）、地质调查评价专项（2013~2020年）、整装勘查等工作。中央财政和省级地方财政在基础地质调查和矿产勘查投入上逐年增加。这些工程的实施和勘查投入的大幅增加,使得基础地质工作程度大幅提高,铜矿勘查取得了重大突破,发现和评价了一批具有重大影响的大型或特大型矿产地。本文对我国主要有色金属矿产在过去14年的找矿成果的系统梳理与找矿成果分析,期望为我国今后对主要有色金属的勘查工作的科学部署和实现进一步的找矿突破提供参考意见。     

Evidence for Amazonian acidic liquid water on Mars—A reinterpretation of MER mission results

The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions have confirmed aqueous activity on Mars. Here we review the analyses of the field-based MER data, and conclude that some weathering processes in Meridiani Planum and Gusev crater are better explained by late diagenetic water-rock interactions than by early diagenesis only. At Meridiani, the discovery of jarosite by MER-1 Opportunity indicates acidic aqueous activity, evaporation, and desiccation of rock materials. MER-based information, placed into the context of published data, point to local and limited aqueous activity during geologically recent times in Meridiani. Pre-Amazonian environmental changes (including important variations in the near-surface groundwater reservoirs, impact cratering, and global dust storms and other pervasive wind-related erosion) are too extreme for pulverulent jarosite to survive over extended time periods, and therefore we argue instead that jarosite deposits must have formed in a climatically more stable period. Any deposits of pre-existent concretionary jarosite surviving up to the Amazonian would not have reached completion in the highly saline and acidic brines occurring at Meridiani. MER-2 Spirit has also revealed evidence for local and limited Amazonian aqueous environmental conditions in Gusev crater, including chemical weathering leading to goethite and hematite precipitation, rock layering, and chemical enhancement of Cl, S, Br, and oxidized iron in rocks and soils. The estimated relative age of the impact crater materials in Gusev indicates that these processes have taken place during the last 2 billion years. We conclude that minor amounts of shallow acidic liquid water have been present on the surface of Mars at local scales during the Amazonian Period.     

地下工程有害气体静压勘探方法简介

通过"杭州地铁一号线"地下有害气体勘探反复实践,本文从勘探工艺原理、流程及操作要点、材料与设备、质量安全控制等方面总结出一套可以定量获取有害气体埋藏深度、压力大小等相关信息的设备装置和技术方法。本方法具有设备简单轻便、操作方便快速、成本低廉等特点,适用于沿海地区、古河口处大中型地下工程(如深基坑、地下隧道等)有害气体专项勘察。     

桂中坳陷海相地层油气成藏与热作用改造

桂中坳陷是在加里东运动基础上形成的晚古生代海相大型沉积坳陷,已演化成为由上古生界和三叠系充填的残留盆地,其中泥盆系深埋地腹,是主要的勘探目的层系。桂中1井揭示泥盆系—石炭系具有两套生储盖组合,钻遇了气测异常、油迹砂岩、固体沥青等三类油气显示,其中泥盆系沥青显示井段累计709m。桂中坳陷古油藏(沥青)主要来源于中—下泥盆统塘丁组和罗富组泥岩。桂中1井和南丹大厂储层固体沥青为运移/成藏的油气发生热裂解而形成的焦沥青。桂中1井经历了两期油气充注,第一期为印支期前的主力生烃期,第二期(晚期)为燕山期—喜马拉雅期,以紧邻油气显示层的可溶烃类为代表。经历了三期油气改造:第一期为印支期前的油气藏经历了地层沉降增温的热裂解作用而演化为固体沥青和甲烷天然气,第二期为燕山晚期岩浆活动导致的更高温度的热蚀变作用,第三期为喜马拉雅期构造抬升的改造或破坏作用对上泥盆统油气藏的影响。晚期成藏的天然气应是下一步的勘探方向。桂中坳陷西部地层保存相对完整(目的层深埋),断裂和岩浆活动相对不发育,可能更有利于天然气的聚集和保存。     

柴东地区霍布逊坳陷地下水系统研究

运用水文地质系统理论，对柴东地区霍布逊坳陷深积盖层地下水亚系统进行了研究，着重分析了控制地下水系统的水文地质结构系统。结合同位素成果分析，认为该亚系统具良好的层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿的水文地质条件，并指出了成矿有利地区。     

A new exploration tool: Quantitative core characterization

We will describe a new laboratory system which was designed to be highly automated and portable while maintaining quality. Driving this design was the recognition of the temporal dependence of physical properties. It becomes apparent that some sedimentary rocks, particularly shales, degrade and disaggregare so completely that mechanical or elastic properties cannot be measured. This temporal dependence displays a time scale much shorter than normal weathering but greater than the time for stress relief. A system was designed to permit field characterization of freshly recovered core material. A benefit of automation and portability is a marked increase in measurement efficiency. The attributes of this system permit rapid characterization of a large number of fresh cores in remote, frontier exploration areas. This feature can significantly reduce prospect evaluation time. Statistically significant rock property databases can be created in a short period of time.     

A probabilistic model of petroleum discovery

We discuss a petroleum discovery model that greatly simplifies the approach initiated by Barouch and Kaufman (1976) in which exploration is viewed as a sampling without replacement process, and the probability of discovery of a pool is proportional to its size. Calculations that formerly required lengthy Monte Carlo simulations have been reduced to compact formulas.     

From data gathering to resources assessment: A holistic view of petroleum geology

To integrate geological data to obtain an interpretation of the geology and natural resources of an area, we need a methodology that provides a holistic approach, addressing all basic issues in geological relations as well as uncertainties that arise with the evolution of basic geological knowledge of an area.In spite of the major role played by geoinformatics—the application of mathematics, statistics, and computer science to solve geological problems—we do not yet have a properly designed method for organizing geological data, including raw data, conceptual models, modeling results, and geological integration. Such a rapid method should provide for updating of existing interpretations based on new data or new theories.A systematic view of data integration and interpretation is important in petroleum exploration and petroleum engineering. We point out the more striking tools already available but of restricted use and some of the possible solutions for known problems that still require research and development.